A Net Energy Analysis of the Global Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fishing and Forestry System

The global agriculture, aquaculture, fishing and forestry (AAFF) energy system is subject to three unsustainable trends: (1) the approaching biophysical limits of AAFF; (2) the role of AAFF as a driver of environmental degradation; and (3) the long-term declining energy efficiency of AAFF due to growing dependence on fossil fuels. In response, we conduct a net energy analysis for the period 1971–2017 and review existing studies to investigate the global AAFF energy system and its vulnerability to the three unsustainable trends from an energetic perspective. We estimate the global AAFF system represents 27.9% of societies energy supply in 2017, with food energy representing 20.8% of societies total energy supply. We find that the net energy-return-on-investment (net EROI) of global AAFF increased from 2.87:1 in 1971 to 4.05:1 in 2017. We suggest that rising net EROI values are being fuelled in part by ‘depleting natures accumulated energy stocks’. We also find that the net energy balance of AAFF increased by 130% in this period, with at the same time a decrease in both the proportion of rural residents and also the proportion of the total population working in AAFF—which decreased from 19.8 to 10.3%. However, this comes at the cost of growing fossil fuel dependency which increased from 43.6 to 62.2%. Given the increasing probability of near-term fossil fuel scarcity, the growing impacts of climate change and environmental degradation, and the approaching biophysical limits of global AAFF, ‘Odum’s hoax’ is likely soon to be revealed

The endothelial glycocalyx: composition, functions, and visualization

This review aims at presenting state-of-the-art knowledge on the composition and functions of the endothelial glycocalyx. The endothelial glycocalyx is a network of membrane-bound proteoglycans and glycoproteins, covering the endothelium luminally. Both endothelium- and plasma-derived soluble molecules integrate into this mesh. Over the past decade, insight has been gained into the role of the glycocalyx in vascular physiology and pathology, including mechanotransduction, hemostasis, signaling, and blood cell–vessel wall interactions. The contribution of the glycocalyx to diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion, and atherosclerosis is also reviewed. Experimental data from the micro- and macrocirculation alludes at a vasculoprotective role for the glycocalyx. Assessing this possible role of the endothelial glycocalyx requires reliable visualization of this delicate layer, which is a great challenge. An overview is given of the various ways in which the endothelial glycocalyx has been visualized up to now, including first data from two-photon microscopic imaging

Fauna Europaea: Diptera -Brachycera

Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Pape, T., Beuk, P., Pont, A. C., Shatalkin, A. I., Ozerov, A. L., Woźnica, A. J., ... de Jong, Y. (2015). Fauna Europaea: 3, [e4187]. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4187 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Abstract Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant multicellular European terrestrial and freshwater animals and their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (east of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region). The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing taxonomic specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many user communities in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. The Diptera-Brachycera is one of the 58 Fauna Europaea major taxonomic groups, and data have been compiled by a network of 55 specialists. Within the two-winged insects (Diptera), the Brachycera constitute a monophyletic group, which is generally given rank of suborder. The Brachycera may be classified into the probably paraphyletic 'lower brachyceran grade' and the monophyletic Eremoneura. The latter contains the Empidoidea, the Apystomyioidea with a single Nearctic species, and the Cyclorrhapha, which in turn is divided into the paraphyletic 'aschizan grade' and the monophyletic Schizophora. The latter is traditionally divided into the paraphyletic 'acalyptrate grade' and the monophyletic Calyptratae. Our knowledge of the European fauna of Diptera-Brachycera varies tremendously among families, from the reasonably well known hoverflies (Syrphidae) to the extremely poorly known scuttle flies (Phoridae). There has been a steady growth in our knowledge of European Diptera for the last two centuries, with no apparent slow down, but there is a shift towards a larger fraction of the new species being found among the families of the nematoceran grade (lower Diptera), which due to a larger number of small-sized species may be considered as taxonomically more challenging. Most of Europe is highly industrialised and has a high human population density, and the more fertile habitats are extensively cultivated. This has undoubtedly increased the extinction risk for numerous species of brachyceran flies, yet with the recent re-discovery of Thyreophora cynophila (Panzer), there are no known cases of extinction at a European level. However, few national Red Lists have extensive information on Diptera. For the Diptera-Brachycera, data from 96 families containing 11,751 species are included in this paper

Rapid prototyping of user interfaces with dialogue control modules

The user interface is a critical part of a computer system. It can be tested and evaluated in an early development stage, by making a prototype. If this prototype can be built and changed rapidly several design alternatives can be tried out without incurring too high costs. Dialogue control modules are introduced to assist the process of prototyping. They are described here together with an environment for building user interfaces

Rapid prototyping of user interfaces with dialogue control modules

The user interface is a critical part of a computer system. It can be tested and evaluated in an early development stage, by making a prototype. If this prototype can be built and changed rapidly several design alternatives can be tried out without incurring too high costs. Dialogue control modules are introduced to assist the process of prototyping. They are described here together with an environment for building user interfaces

Lifespan changes in the countermanding performance of young and middle aged adult rats

Inhibitory control can be investigated with the countermanding task, which requires subjects to make a response to a go signal and cancel that response when a stop signal is presented occasionally. Adult humans performing the countermanding task typically exhibit impaired response time, stop signal response time and response accuracy as they get older, but little change in post-error slowing. Rodent models of the countermanding paradigm have been developed recently, yet none have directly examined age-related changes in performance throughout the lifespan. Male Wistar rats (N = 16) were trained to respond to a visual stimulus (go signal) by pressing a lever directly below an illuminated light for food reward, but to countermand the lever press subsequent to a tone (stop signal) that was presented occasionally (25% of trials) at a variable delay. Subjects were tested in 1 hour sessions at approximately 7 and 12 months of age with intermittent training in between. Rats demonstrated longer go trial response time, a higher proportion of go trial errors and performed less total trials at 12, compared to 7 months of age. Consistent stop signal response time and post-error slowing were observed for rats at both ages. These results suggest that the countermanding performance of rats does vary throughout the lifespan, in a manner similar to humans, suggesting that rodents may provide a suitable model for behavioral impairment related to normal aging. These findings also highlight the importance of indicating the age at which rodents are tested in countermanding investigations

Effectiveness of an add-on guided internet-based emotion regulation training (E-TRAIN) in adolescents with depressive and/or anxiety disorders: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial

© 2022, The Author(s).Background: During adolescence, depressive and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health disorders. Both disorders tend to persist, are predictive for other mental disorders, and are associated with severe impairment in diverse areas. Although Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has proven to be an effective treatment, a considerable number of adolescents do not respond to CBT and residual symptoms often remain. Therefore, it is of great importance to improve treatment outcomes for depressed and/or anxious adolescents. Dysfunctional emotion regulation appears to be a transdiagnostic factor in the development and maintenance of aforementioned disorders. Enhancing emotion regulation skills may therefore reduce symptom severity. In light of this, we developed a guided internet-based emotion regulation training (E-TRAIN) that will be added to CBT. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of E-TRAIN + CBT compared to CBT alone on depressive and anxiety outcomes among adolescents with depressive and/or anxiety disorder. Methods: In this multicenter two-arm randomized controlled trial with parallel group design, we aim to include 138 adolescents, aged 13–19 years, referred for treatment and diagnosed with depressive and/or anxiety disorder. Participants will be allocated to either CBT or CBT + E-TRAIN. Assessments will take place at baseline, and at 3 (T1), 6 (T2) and 12 (T3) months after baseline. We will conduct multi-informant assessments: the adolescent, a parent/caregiver, and the CBT therapist will be asked to fill in questionnaires. The continuous primary outcome measure is self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms at six months after baseline, measured with the RCADS25. Secondary outcome measures include anxiety or depression diagnosis based on a semi-structured clinical interview, emotion (dys) regulation, and parent-report measures of anxiety, depression and emotion (dys) regulation. Discussion: This study is the first randomized controlled trial to examine the additional value of a guided internet-based emotion regulation training to regular CBT in adolescents with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. If this intervention is effective, it can be implemented in mental health care and improve treatment for these young people. Trial registration: Registered on June 23, 2021 in The Netherlands Trial Register (NL9564). Retrospectively registered. Recruitment started in May 2021 and is ongoing

Effectiveness of an add-on guided internet-based emotion regulation training (E-TRAIN) in adolescents with depressive and/or anxiety disorders:study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial

© 2022, The Author(s).Background: During adolescence, depressive and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health disorders. Both disorders tend to persist, are predictive for other mental disorders, and are associated with severe impairment in diverse areas. Although Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has proven to be an effective treatment, a considerable number of adolescents do not respond to CBT and residual symptoms often remain. Therefore, it is of great importance to improve treatment outcomes for depressed and/or anxious adolescents. Dysfunctional emotion regulation appears to be a transdiagnostic factor in the development and maintenance of aforementioned disorders. Enhancing emotion regulation skills may therefore reduce symptom severity. In light of this, we developed a guided internet-based emotion regulation training (E-TRAIN) that will be added to CBT. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of E-TRAIN + CBT compared to CBT alone on depressive and anxiety outcomes among adolescents with depressive and/or anxiety disorder. Methods: In this multicenter two-arm randomized controlled trial with parallel group design, we aim to include 138 adolescents, aged 13–19 years, referred for treatment and diagnosed with depressive and/or anxiety disorder. Participants will be allocated to either CBT or CBT + E-TRAIN. Assessments will take place at baseline, and at 3 (T1), 6 (T2) and 12 (T3) months after baseline. We will conduct multi-informant assessments: the adolescent, a parent/caregiver, and the CBT therapist will be asked to fill in questionnaires. The continuous primary outcome measure is self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms at six months after baseline, measured with the RCADS25. Secondary outcome measures include anxiety or depression diagnosis based on a semi-structured clinical interview, emotion (dys) regulation, and parent-report measures of anxiety, depression and emotion (dys) regulation. Discussion: This study is the first randomized controlled trial to examine the additional value of a guided internet-based emotion regulation training to regular CBT in adolescents with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. If this intervention is effective, it can be implemented in mental health care and improve treatment for these young people. Trial registration: Registered on June 23, 2021 in The Netherlands Trial Register (NL9564). Retrospectively registered. Recruitment started in May 2021 and is ongoing