The dryout region in frictionally heated sliding contacts

Some conditions under which boiling and two-phase flow can occur in or near a wet sliding contact are determined and illustrated. The experimental apparatus consisted of a tool pressed against an instrumented slider plate and motion picture sequences at 4000 frames/sec. The temperature and photographic data demonstrated surface conditions of boiling, drying, trapped gas evolution (solutions), and volatility of fluid mixture components. The theoretical modeling and analysis are in reasonable agreement with experimental data

Evidence for Intrinsic Redshifts in Normal Spiral Galaxies

The Tully-Fisher Relationship (TFR) is utilized to identify anomalous redshifts in normal spiral galaxies. Three redshift anomalies are identified in this analysis: (1) Several clusters of galaxies are examined in which late type spirals have significant excess redshifts relative to early type spirals in the same clusters, (2) Galaxies of morphology similar to ScI galaxies are found to have a systematic excess redshift relative to the redshifts expected if the Hubble Constant is 72 km s-1 Mpc-1, (3) individual galaxies, pairs, and groups are identified which strongly deviate from the predictions of a smooth Hubble flow. These redshift deviations are significantly larger than can be explained by peculiar motions and TFR errors. It is concluded that the redshift anomalies identified in this analysis are consistent with previous claims for large non-cosmological (intrinsic) redshifts.Comment: Accepted for publication at Astrophysics&Space Science. 36 pages including 8 tables and 7 figure

Acne resolution rates: Results of a single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel phase III trial with EE/CMA (Belara (R)) and EE/LNG (Microgynon (R))

Background and Objective: Acne in women can often be successfully treated by the intake of oral contraceptives containing gestagens with anti-androgenic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the monophasic oral contraceptive ethinylestradiol/chlormadinone acetate (EE/CMA; Belara (R)) for the treatment of mild to moderate papulopustular acne of the face and acne-related disorders in comparison to EE/levonorgestrel (LNG; Microgynon (R)). Methods: 199 female acne patients were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized, multicentre phase III study and divided into two groups who received either EE/CMA or EE/LNG. The primary end point was fulfilled if the number of papules/pustules per half of the face present on admission had decreased by at least 50% in the 12th medication cycle. Results: 59.4% of the women under EE/CMA and 45.9% under EE/LNG were responders. The relative frequency of women with complete resolution was 16.5% under EE/CMA and 4.3% under EE/LNG at cycle 12. Conclusion: EE/CMA is an efficient treatment for women with mild and moderate papulopustular acne of the face and related disorders, reflecting the well-known anti-androgenic properties of the progestogen CMA. Copyright (C) 2001 S, Karger AG, Basel

Elektrostatska energija međudjelovanja i faktor 1.23

The factor F ≈ 1.23 has originally been found in the redshift of quasars. Recently, it has been found in very different physical phenomena: the life-time of muonium, the masses of elementary particles (leptons, quarks,...), the correlation of atomic weight (A) and atomic number (Z) and the correlation of the sum of masses of all orbiting bodies with the mass of the central body in gravitational systems. In this work, we describe further systems where the factor F appears, the distributions of electric charges. We consider the electrostatic interaction between various pairs of charge distributions: two uniformly charged spheres, a point charge and a uniformly charged sphere, two point charges, a point charge and an infinite uniform line charge, two parallel uniform infinite line charges and two infinite parallel plane charge distributions.Crveni su pomaci kvazara prvotno ukazali na faktor F ≈ 1.23. Nedavno se je našao i u vrlo različitim sustavima, uključujući poluživot muonija, mase elementarnih čestica (leptoni, kvarkovi, ...), odnos atomskih težina (A i atomskih brojeva (Z) i odnos zbroja svih kružećih masa s centralnom masom u gravitacijskim sustavima. U ovom radu opisujemo još neke sustave u kojima se također pojavljuje faktor F, a to su elektrostatski sustavi niza raspodjela električnih naboja: dvije jednoliko površinski nabijene kugle, točkast naboj i jednoliko nabijena kugla, dva točkasta naboja, točkast naboj i jednolika beskonačna pravocrtna raspodjela naboja, dvije usporedne jednolike beskonačne pravocrtne raspodjele naboja i dvije usporedne jednoliko nabijene ravnine

Time dilation in the supernova light curve and the variable mass hypothesis

The recently reported time dilation effect in Type Ia supernova SN 1995K has been claimed to rule out the static universe model of Narlikar & Arp. It is shown here that the variable mass hypothesis which accounts for the redshift phenomenon in the above static universe model does indeed predict the observed effect and that there is no conflict between the data of Leibundgut et al. and the predictions of this model

Coordinates and 2MASS and OGLE identifications for all stars in Arp's 1965 finding chart for Baade's Window

Aims: We seek to provide 2MASS and OGLE identifications and coordinates for all stars in the finding chart published by Arp\,(1965). This chart covers the low extinction area around NGC 6522, also known as Baade's window, at coordinates (l,b)=(1.02,-3.92). Methods: A cross correlation, using numerical techniques, was performed between a scan of the original finding chart from Arp (1965) and 2MASS and OGLE-II images and stellar coordinates. Results: We provide coordinates for all stars in Arp's finding chart and 2MASS and OGLE identifications wherever possible. Two identifications in quadrant II do not appear in the original finding chart.Comment: 30 pages, accepted by A&A as a Research Not

Massive Coronae of Galaxies

There is reason to suspect that about half of the baryons are in pressure-supported plasma in the halos of normal galaxies, drawn in by gravity along with about half of the dark matter. To be consistent with the observations this baryonic component, the corona, would have to be hotter than the kinetic temperature of the dark matter in the halo so as to produce acceptable central electron densities. We ascribe this hotter plasma temperature to the addition of entropy prior to and during assembly of the system, in an analogy to cluster formation. The plasma cooling time would be longer than the gravitational collapse time but, in the inner parts, shorter than the Hubble time, making the corona thermally unstable to the formation of a cloudy structure that may be in line with what is indicated by quasar absorption line systems. The corona of an isolated spiral galaxy would be a source of soft X-ray and recombination radiation, adding to the more commonly discussed effects of stars and supernovae. In this picture the mass in the corona is much larger than the mass in condensed baryons in a spiral galaxy. The corona thus would be a substantial reservoir of diffuse baryons that are settling and adding to the mass in interstellar matter and stars, so that star formation in isolated spirals will continue well beyond the present epoch.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure