189 research outputs found
Analysis of Velocity Derivatives in Turbulence based on Generalized Statistics
A theoretical formula for the probability density function (PDF) of velocity
derivatives in a fully developed turbulent flow is derived with the
multifractal aspect based on the generalized measures of entropy, i.e., the
extensive Renyi entropy or the non-extensive Tsallis entropy, and is used,
successfully, to analyze the PDF's observed in the direct numerical simulation
(DNS) conducted by Gotoh et al.. The minimum length scale r_d/eta in the
longitudinal (transverse) inertial range of the DNS is estimated to be
r_d^L/eta = 1.716 (r_d^T/eta = 2.180) in the unit of the Kolmogorov scale eta.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur
Analysis of Velocity Fluctuation in Turbulence based on Generalized Statistics
The numerical experiments of turbulence conducted by Gotoh et al. are
analyzed precisely with the help of the formulae for the scaling exponents of
velocity structure function and for the probability density function (PDF) of
velocity fluctuations. These formulae are derived by the present authors with
the multifractal aspect based on the statistics that are constructed on the
generalized measures of entropy, i.e., the extensive R\'{e}nyi's or the
non-extensive Tsallis' entropy. It is revealed that there exist two scaling
regions separated by a crossover length, i.e., a definite length approximately
of the order of the Taylor microscale. It indicates that the multifractal
distribution of singularities in velocity gradient in turbulent flow is robust
enough to produce scaling behaviors even for the phenomena out side the
inertial range.Comment: 10 Pages, 5 figure
Finite-temperature form factors in the free Majorana theory
We study the large distance expansion of correlation functions in the free
massive Majorana theory at finite temperature, alias the Ising field theory at
zero magnetic field on a cylinder. We develop a method that mimics the spectral
decomposition, or form factor expansion, of zero-temperature correlation
functions, introducing the concept of "finite-temperature form factors". Our
techniques are different from those of previous attempts in this subject. We
show that an appropriate analytical continuation of finite-temperature form
factors gives form factors in the quantization scheme on the circle. We show
that finite-temperature form factor expansions are able to reproduce expansions
in form factors on the circle. We calculate finite-temperature form factors of
non-interacting fields (fields that are local with respect to the fundamental
fermion field). We observe that they are given by a mixing of their
zero-temperature form factors and of those of other fields of lower scaling
dimension. We then calculate finite-temperature form factors of order and
disorder fields. For this purpose, we derive the Riemann-Hilbert problem that
completely specifies the set of finite-temperature form factors of general
twist fields (order and disorder fields and their descendants). This
Riemann-Hilbert problem is different from the zero-temperature one, and so are
its solutions. Our results agree with the known form factors on the circle of
order and disorder fields.Comment: 40 pp.; v2: 42 pp., refs and acknowledgment added, typos corrected,
description of general matrix elements corrected and extended; v3: 47 pp.,
appendix adde
Metastability, negative specific heat and weak mixing in classical long-range many-rotator system
We perform a molecular dynamical study of the isolated classical
Hamiltonian , known to
exhibit a second order phase transition, being disordered for and ordered otherwise ( total energy
and ). We focus
on the nonextensive case and observe that, for , a
basin of attraction exists for the initial conditions for which the system
quickly relaxes onto a longstanding metastable state (whose duration presumably
diverges with like ) which eventually crosses over to the
microcanonical Boltzmann-Gibbs stable state. The temperature associated with
the (scaled) average kinetic energy per particle is lower in the metastable
state than in the stable one. It is exhibited for the first time that the
appropriately scaled maximal Lyapunov exponent
, where, for all values of ,
numerically coincides with {\it one third} of its value for , hence
decreases from 1/9 to zero when increases from zero to unity,
remaining zero thereafter. This new and simple {\it connection between
anomalies above and below the critical point} reinforces the nonextensive
universality scenario.Comment: 9 pages and 4 PS figure
Pure Stationary States of Open Quantum Systems
Using Liouville space and superoperator formalism we consider pure stationary
states of open and dissipative quantum systems. We discuss stationary states of
open quantum systems, which coincide with stationary states of closed quantum
systems. Open quantum systems with pure stationary states of linear oscillator
are suggested. We consider stationary states for the Lindblad equation. We
discuss bifurcations of pure stationary states for open quantum systems which
are quantum analogs of classical dynamical bifurcations.Comment: 7p., REVTeX
Joint spatiotemporal models to predict seabird densities at sea
Introduction: Seabirds are abundant, conspicuous members of marine ecosystems worldwide. Synthesis of distribution data compiled over time is required to address regional management issues and understand ecosystem change. Major challenges when estimating seabird densities at sea arise from variability in dispersion of the birds, sampling effort over time and space, and differences in bird detection rates associated with survey vessel type.
Methods: Using a novel approach for modeling seabirds at sea, we applied joint dynamic species distribution models (JDSDM) with a vector-autoregressive spatiotemporal framework to survey data collected over nearly five decades and archived in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database. We produced monthly gridded density predictions and abundance estimates for 8 species groups (77% of all birds observed) within Cook Inlet, Alaska. JDSDMs included habitat covariates to inform density predictions in unsampled areas and accounted for changes in observed densities due to differing survey methods and decadal-scale variation in ocean conditions.
Results: The best fit model provided a high level of explanatory power (86% of deviance explained). Abundance estimates were reasonably precise, and consistent with limited historical studies. Modeled densities identified seasonal variability in abundance with peak numbers of all species groups in July or August. Seabirds were largely absent from the study region in either fall (e.g., murrelets) or spring (e.g., puffins) months, or both periods (shearwaters).
Discussion: Our results indicated that pelagic shearwaters (Ardenna spp.) and tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) have declined over the past four decades and these taxa warrant further investigation into underlying mechanisms explaining these trends. JDSDMs provide a useful tool to estimate seabird distribution and seasonal trends that will facilitate risk assessments and planning in areas affected by human activities such as oil and gas development, shipping, and offshore wind and renewable energy
Nonequilibrium Probabilistic Dynamics of the Logistic Map at the Edge of Chaos
We consider nonequilibrium probabilistic dynamics in logistic-like maps
, at their chaos threshold: We first introduce many
initial conditions within one among intervals partitioning the phase
space and focus on the unique value for which the entropic form
{\it linearly} increases with
time. We then verify that vanishes like
[]. We finally exhibit a new finite-size
scaling, . This
establishes quantitatively, for the first time, a long pursued relation between
sensitivity to the initial conditions and relaxation, concepts which play
central roles in nonextensive statistical mechanics.Comment: Final version with new Title and small modifications. REVTeX, 8 pages
and 4 eps figure
Acceleration and vortex filaments in turbulence
We report recent results from a high resolution numerical study of fluid
particles transported by a fully developed turbulent flow. Single particle
trajectories were followed for a time range spanning more than three decades,
from less than a tenth of the Kolmogorov time-scale up to one large-eddy
turnover time. We present some results concerning acceleration statistics and
the statistics of trapping by vortex filaments.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
From Davydov solitons to decoherence-free subspaces: self-consistent propagation of coherent-product states
The self-consistent propagation of generalized [coherent-product]
states and of a class of gaussian density matrix generalizations is examined,
at both zero and finite-temperature, for arbitrary interactions between the
localized lattice (electronic or vibronic) excitations and the phonon modes. It
is shown that in all legitimate cases, the evolution of states reduces
to the disentangled evolution of the component states. The
self-consistency conditions for the latter amount to conditions for
decoherence-free propagation, which complement the Davydov soliton
equations in such a way as to lift the nonlinearity of the evolution for the
on-site degrees of freedom. Although it cannot support Davydov solitons, the
coherent-product ansatz does provide a wide class of exact density-matrix
solutions for the joint evolution of the lattice and phonon bath in compatible
systems. Included are solutions for initial states given as a product of a
[largely arbitrary] lattice state and a thermal equilibrium state of the
phonons. It is also shown that external pumping can produce self-consistent
Frohlich-like effects. A few sample cases of coherent, albeit not solitonic,
propagation are briefly discussed.Comment: revtex3, latex2e; 22 pages, no figs.; to appear in Phys.Rev.E
(Nov.2001
Self-energy-part resummed quark and gluon propagators in a spin-polarized quark matter and generalized Boltzmann equations
We construct perturbative frameworks for studying nonequilibrium
spin-polarized quark matter. We employ the closed-time-path formalism and use
the gradient approximation in the derivative expansion. After constructing
self-energy-part resummed quark and gluon propagators, we formulate two kind of
mutually equivalent perturbative frameworks: The first one is formulated on the
basis of the initial-particle distribution function, and the second one is
formulated on the basis of `` physical''-particle distribution function. In the
course of construction of the second framework, the generalized Boltzmann
equations and their relatives {\em directly} come out, which describe the
evolution of the system. The frameworks are relevant to the study of a magnetic
character of quark matters, e.g., possible quark stars.Comment: 57 page
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