3,807 research outputs found
Complex dynamics emerging in Rule 30 with majority memory
In cellular automata with memory, the unchanged maps of the conventional
cellular automata are applied to cells endowed with memory of their past states
in some specified interval. We implement Rule 30 automata with a majority
memory and show that using the memory function we can transform quasi-chaotic
dynamics of classical Rule 30 into domains of travelling structures with
predictable behaviour. We analyse morphological complexity of the automata and
classify dynamics of gliders (particles, self-localizations) in memory-enriched
Rule 30. We provide formal ways of encoding and classifying glider dynamics
using de Bruijn diagrams, soliton reactions and quasi-chemical representations
Globally Guided Trajectory Planning in Dynamic Environments
Navigating mobile robots through environments shared with humans is
challenging. From the perspective of the robot, humans are dynamic obstacles
that must be avoided. These obstacles make the collision-free space nonconvex,
which leads to two distinct passing behaviors per obstacle (passing left or
right). For local planners, such as receding-horizon trajectory optimization,
each behavior presents a local optimum in which the planner can get stuck. This
may result in slow or unsafe motion even when a better plan exists. In this
work, we identify trajectories for multiple locally optimal driving behaviors,
by considering their topology. This identification is made consistent over
successive iterations by propagating the topology information. The most
suitable high-level trajectory guides a local optimization-based planner,
resulting in fast and safe motion plans. We validate the proposed planner on a
mobile robot in simulation and real-world experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted to IEEE International Conference on
Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 202
Effect of rolling on dissipation in fault gouges
Sliding and rolling are two outstanding deformation modes in granular media. The first one induces frictional dissipation whereas the latter one involves deformation with negligible resistance. Using numerical simulations on two-dimensional shear cells, we investigate the effect of the grain rotation on the energy dissipation and the strength of granular materials under quasistatic shear deformation. Rolling and sliding are quantified in terms of the so-called Cosserat rotations. The observed spontaneous formation of vorticity cells and clusters of rotating bearings may provide an explanation for the long standing heat flow paradox of earthquake dynamics
Self-organization of ultrasound in viscous fluids
We report the theoretical and experimental demonstration of pattern formation
in acoustics. The system is an acoustic resonator containing a viscous fluid.
When the system is driven by an external periodic force, the ultrasonic field
inside the cavity experiences different pattern-forming instabilities leading
to the emergence of periodic structures. The system is also shown to possess
bistable regimes, in which localized states of the ultrasonic field develop.
The thermal nonlinearity in the viscous fluid, together with the
far-from-equilibrium conditions, are is the responsible of the observed
effects
Online Informative Path Planning for Active Information Gathering of a 3D Surface
This paper presents an online informative path planning approach for active
information gathering on three-dimensional surfaces using aerial robots. Most
existing works on surface inspection focus on planning a path offline that can
provide full coverage of the surface, which inherently assumes the surface
information is uniformly distributed hence ignoring potential spatial
correlations of the information field. In this paper, we utilize manifold
Gaussian processes (mGPs) with geodesic kernel functions for mapping surface
information fields and plan informative paths online in a receding horizon
manner. Our approach actively plans information-gathering paths based on recent
observations that respect dynamic constraints of the vehicle and a total flight
time budget. We provide planning results for simulated temperature modeling for
simple and complex 3D surface geometries (a cylinder and an aircraft model). We
demonstrate that our informative planning method outperforms traditional
approaches such as 3D coverage planning and random exploration, both in
reconstruction error and information-theoretic metrics. We also show that by
taking spatial correlations of the information field into planning using mGPs,
the information gathering efficiency is significantly improved.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, to be published in 2021 IEEE International
Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA
Jaw biodynamic data for 24 patients with chronic unilateral temporomandibular disorder
This study assessed 24 adult patients, suffering from severe chronic unilateral pain diagnosed as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder (TMD). The full dentate patients had normal occlusion and had never received an occlusal therapy, i.e., were with natural dental evolution/maturation. The following functional and dynamic factors were assessed: (1) chewing function; (2) TMJ remodeling or the condylar path (CP); and (3) lateral jaw motion or lateral guidance (LG). CPs were assessed using conventional axiography, and LG was assessed by K7 jaw tracking. Seventeen (71%) of the 24 (100%) patients consistently showed a habitual chewing side. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of the CP angles was 47.90 (9.24) degrees. The mean (SD) of the LG angles was 42.95 (11.78) degrees. Data collection emerged from the conception of a new TMD paradigm where the affected side could be the habitual chewing side, the side with flatter lateral jaw motion or the side with an increased CP angle. These data may lead to improved diagnosis, therapy plans and evolution in TMD patients
Interpretable clinical time-series modeling with intelligent feature selection for early prediction of antimicrobial multidrug resistance
Electronic health records provide rich, heterogeneous data about the evolution of the patientsâ health status. However, such data need to be processed carefully, with the aim of extracting meaningful information for clinical decision support. In this paper, we leverage interpretable (deep) learning and signal processing tools to deal with multivariate time-series data collected from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the University Hospital of Fuenlabrada (Madrid, Spain). The presence of antimicrobial multidrug-resistant (AMR) bacteria is one of the greatest threats to the health system in general and to the ICUs in particular due to the critical health status of the patients therein. Thus, early identification of bacteria at the ICU and early prediction of their antibiotic resistance are key for the patientsâ prognosis. While intelligent data-based processing and learning schemes can contribute to this early prediction, their acceptance and deployment in the ICUs require the automatic schemes to be not only accurate but also understandable by clinicians. Accordingly, we have designed trustworthy intelligent models for the early prediction of AMR based on the combination of meaningful feature selection with interpretable recurrent neural networks. These models were created using irregularly sampled clinical measurements, both considering the health status of the patient and the global ICU environment. We explored several strategies to cope with strongly imbalance data, since only a few ICU patients are infected by AMR bacteria. It is worth noting that our approach exhibits a good balance between performance and interpretability, especially when considering the difficulty of the classification task at hand. A multitude of factors are involved in the emergence of AMR (several of them not fully understood), and the records only contain a subset of them. In addition, the limited number of patients, the imbalance between classes, and the irregularity of the data render the problem harder to solve. Our models are also enriched with SHAP post-hoc interpretability and validated by clinicians who considered model understandability and trustworthiness of paramount concern for pragmatic purposes. Moreover, we use linguistic fuzzy systems to provide clinicians with explanations in natural language. Such explanations are automatically generated from a pool of interpretable rules that describe the interaction among the most relevant features identified by SHAP. Notice that clinicians were especially satisfied with new insights provided by our models. Such insights helped them to trust the automatic schemes and use them to make (better) decisions to mitigate AMR spreading in the ICU. All in all, this work paves the way towards more comprehensible time-series analysis in the context of early AMR prediction in ICUs and reduces the time of detection of infectious diseases, opening the door to better hospital care.This work is supported by the Spanish NSF grants PID2019-106623RB-C41 (BigTheory), PID2019-105032GB-I00 (SPGraph), PID2019-107768RA-I00 (AAVis-BMR), RTI2018-099646-B-I00 (ADHERE-U); the Galician Ministry of Education, University and Professional Training grants ED431F 2018/02 (eXplica-IA) and ED431G2019/04; the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain grant DTS17/00158; as well as the Community of Madrid in the framework of the Multiannual Agreement with Rey Juan Carlos University in line of action 1, âEncouragement of Young Phd students investigationâ Project Ref. F661 (Mapping-UCI). Sergio M. Aguero is a recipient of the Predoctoral Contracts for Trainees URJC Grant (PREDOC21-036). Jose M. Alonso-Moral is a Ramon
Cajal Researcher (RYC-2016-19802).S
AMoDSim: An Efficient and Modular Simulation Framework for Autonomous Mobility on Demand
Urban transportation of next decade is expected to be disrupted by Autonomous
Mobility on Demand (AMoD): AMoD providers will collect ride requests from users
and will dispatch a fleet of autonomous vehicles to satisfy requests in the
most efficient way. Differently from current ride sharing systems, in which
driver behavior has a clear impact on the system, AMoD systems will be
exclusively determined by the dispatching logic. As a consequence, a recent
interest in the Operations Research and Computer Science communities has
focused on this control logic. The new propositions and methodologies are
generally evaluated via simulation. Unfortunately, there is no simulation
platform that has emerged as reference, with the consequence that each author
uses her own custom-made simulator, applicable only in her specific study, with
no aim of generalization and without public release. This slows down the
progress in the area as researchers cannot build on each other's work and
cannot share, reproduce and verify the results. The goal of this paper is to
present AMoDSim, an open-source simulation platform aimed to fill this gap and
accelerate research in future ride sharing systems
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