Human rights during armed conflicts in the jurisprudence of European Court of Human Rights

Praca analizuje wybrane orzeczenia Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w sprawach związanych z konfliktami zbrojnymi. Nacisk został położony na zbadanie argumentacji Trybunału w kwestii dopuszczalności badania skarg dotyczących naruszeń Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka oraz analizie kryteriów jakie przyjęli sędziowie aby uznać, czy miało miejsce złamanie przepisów Konwencji. Rozważony zostanie w tym świetle problem w jaki sposób ETPC odnosi się do zależności pomiędzy międzynarodowym prawem humanitarnym a prawami człowiekaThe aim of the magister's thesis is synthesis and analysis of the jurisprudence of European Court of Human Rights in cases concerning armed conflicts issues. It focuses on ECtHR's argumentation in the matter of admissibility of the applications and criteria of judging alleged violation of articles of the Convention. In this thesis I also speculate on the ECtHR's opinion on the relationship between human rights law and international humanitarian law

Budowa wózka podwieszanego pojazdu szynowego

The main topic of this article is the construction of a railway bogie, which was used in authors concept of suspended rail vehicle. Firstly, the vehicle was briefly described with particular consideration of the parameters determining the bogie design. Subsequently, constructional solutions were described in terms of individual bogie subassemblies, like: wheelsets, bogie frame, two stage suspension, propulsion and brake systems. This article is based on authors’ master thesis: „The concept of suspended railway engine wagon”, conducted on Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Gdansk University of Technology.Niniejsza publikacja została poświęcona szczegółowemu opisowi wózka, przeznaczonego do wykorzystania w proponowanej przez autorów koncepcji podwieszanego pojazdu szynowego. W pierwszej kolejności skrótowo opisano rzeczony pojazd, ze szczególnym naciskiem na parametry determinujące konstrukcję wózków. Następnie zostały omówione zastosowane rozwiązania konstrukcyjne w zakresie budowy poszczególnych podzespołów wózka, takich jak: zestawy kołowe, rama, dwustopniowe usprężynowanie, układ napędowy i hamulcowy. Artykuł ten powstał na podstawie pracy dyplomowej pt. „Koncepcja wagonu silnikowego kolei podwieszanej”, na wydziale Mechanicznym Politechniki Gdańskiej

Ocena parametrów ruchowych pojazdu kolei podwieszanej

This publication is devoted to the evaluation of the movement parameters of the concept suspended monorail vehicle which was conducted on a basis of its traction characteristic and dynamic capabilities. Firstly, the construction of the proposed vehicle was briefly described along with the specification of the most important design assumptions. Subsequently, the focus was put on the methodology and the very plotting of the vehicle’s traction characteristic, as well as the process of its acceleration as a function of speed. Finally, the braking system was assessed by determining the average braking deceleration depending on its type. This article is based on authors’ master thesis: „The concept of suspended railway engine wagon”, conducted on Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Gdansk University of Technology.Niniejsza publikacja została poświęcona ocenie parametrów ruchowych koncepcyjnego pojazdu kolei podwieszanej, którą dokonano w oparciu o jego charakterystykę trakcyjną oraz możliwości dynamiczne. W pierwszej kolejności skrótowo opisano konstrukcję proponowanego pojazdu wraz z wyszczególnieniem najważniejszych założeń projektowych. Następnie skupiono się na metodyce oraz samym wykreśleniu charakterystyki trakcyjnej pojazdu, jak również przebiegu jego przyspieszenia w funkcji prędkości. Na koniec poddano ocenie układ hamulcowy poprzez wyznaczenie średniego opóźnienia hamowania w zależności od jego rodzaju. Artykuł ten powstał na podstawie pracy dyplomowej pt. „Koncepcja wagonu silnikowego kolei podwieszanej”, na wydziale Mechanicznym Politechniki Gdańskiej

Koncepcja miejskiego pojazdu kolei podwieszanej

The main topic of this article is the description of a concept of the authors’ suspended rail vehicle. Firstly, the existing solutions where analysed with determination of their disadvantages and advantages. Subsequently, the proposed construction was described in the fields of: rolling stock build, suspension construction and guidance system. This article is based on authors’ master thesis: „The concept of suspended railway engine wagon”, conducted on Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Gdansk University of Technology.Niniejsza publikacja została poświęcona szczegółowemu opisowi proponowanej przez autorów koncepcji podwieszanego pojazdu szynowego. W pierwszej kolejności przeanalizowano istniejące rozwiązania, wraz ze wskazaniem ich podstawowych wad i zalet. Następnie opisano proponowaną konstrukcję w zakresie: budowy wagonu, sposobu jego zawieszenia oraz prowadzenia po zadanym torze ruchu. Artykuł ten powstał na podstawie pracy dyplomowej pt. „Koncepcja wagonu silnikowego kolei podwieszanej”, na wydziale Mechanicznym Politechniki Gdańskiej

The Problem of Airflow Around Building Clusters in Different Configurations

In the paper, the authors discuss the construction of a model of an exemplary urban layout. Numerical simulation has been performed by means of a commercial software Fluent using two different turbulence models: the popular k-ε realizable one, and the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), which is still being developed. The former is a 2-equations model, while the latter – is a RSM model – that consists of 7 equations. The studies have shown that, in this specific case, a more complex model of turbulence is not necessary. The results obtained with this model are not more accurate than the ones obtained using the RKE model. The model, scale 1:400, was tested in a wind tunnel. The pressure measurement near buildings, oil visualization and scour technique were undertaken and described accordingly. Measurements gave the quantitative and qualitative information describing the nature of the flow. Finally, the data were compared with the results of the experiments performed. The pressure coefficients resulting from the experiment were compared with the coefficients obtained from the numerical simulation. At the same time velocity maps and streamlines obtained from the calculations were combined with the results of the oil visualisation and scour technique

Convenient Synthesis of Functionalized Unsymmetrical Vinyl Disulfides and Their Inverse Electron-Demand Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction

The simple, convenient, and efficient methods for the preparation of unsymmetrical vinyl disulfides with additional functional groups under mild conditions with moderate to high yields were designed. The developed methods include the reaction of S-vinyl phosphorodithioate with thiotosylates or S-vinyl thiotosylate with thiols. The designed methods allow for the synthesis of unsymmetrical vinyl disulfides with additional functionalities such as hydroxy, carboxy, protected amino, or ester groups. Vinyl disulfides reacted with the generated transient o-iminothioquinones in an inverse electron-demand [4+2] cycloaddition to produce benzo[b][1,4]thiazine derivatives

Analysis of the use of waste heat from a glass melting furnace for electricity production in the organic Rankine cycle system

In most production plants, waste heat is usually discharged into the environment, contributing to a reduction in the energy efficiency of industrial processes. This is often due to the low thermal parameters of the carriers in which this energy is contained, such as oils, water, exhaust gases or other post-process gases, which means that their use for electricity production in a conventional Rankine cycle may prove to be economically unprofitable. One of the technologies enabling the use of lowand medium-temperature waste heat carriers is the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology. The paper present results of calculations performed to evaluate potential electricity production in ORC using waste heat from a natural gas-fired glass melting furnace. The analysis was carried out assuming the use of a single-stage axial turbine, whose efficiency was estimated using correlations available in the literature. The calculations were carried out for three working fluids, namely hexamethyldisiloxane, dimethyl carbonate, and toluene for two scenarios, i.e. ORC system dedicated only to electricity production and ORC system working in cogeneration mode, where heat is obtain from cooling the condenser. In each of the considered cases, the ORC system achieves the net power output exceeding 300 kW (309 kW for megawatts in the cogenerative mode to 367 kW for toluene in the non-cogenerative mode), with an estimated turbine efficiency above 80%, in range of 80,75 to 83,78%. The efficiency of the ORC system, depending on the used working fluid and the adopted scenario, is in the range from 14.85 to 16.68%, achieving higher efficiency for the non-cogenerative work scenario

Mutagenesis and Adaptation of the Psychrotrophic Fungus Chrysosporium pannorum A-1 as a Method for Improving β-pinene Bioconversion

Mutagenesis and adaptation of the psychrotrophic fungus Chrysosporium pannorum A-1 to the toxic substrate β-pinene were used to obtain a biocatalyst with increased resistance to this terpene and improved bioconversion properties. Mutants of the parental strain were induced with UV light and N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Mutants resistant to β-pinene were isolated using agar plates with a linear gradient of substrate concentrations. Active mutants were selected based on their general metabolic activity (GMA) expressed as oxygen consumption rate. Compared to the parental strain, the most active mutant showed an enhanced biotransformation ability to convert β-pinene to trans-pinocarveol (315 mg per g of dry mycelium), a 4.3-fold greater biocatalytic activity, and a higher resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Biotransformation using adapted mutants yielded twice as much trans-pinocarveol as the reaction catalyzed by non-adapted mutants. The results indicate that mutagenesis and adaptation of C. pannorum A-1 is an effective method of enhancing β-bioconversion of terpenes

Konstrukcja bazy danych dla systemu wspomagania diagnostyki chorób przewodu pokarmowego

The article briefly presents the process of diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases and discusses existing techniques of supporting it with automatic analysis of video from gastrointestinal examinations. Further, the process of designing a specialized medical database is described. The main goal of the created database is to provide data for the training of automatic classifiers of gastrointestinal diseases. Finally, the collected data and acquired results are presented.W artykule krótko przedstawiono charakterystykę procesu diagnostyki chorób przewodu pokarmowego oraz istniejące techniki wspomagania go na bazie analizy zdjęć z badań endoskopowych. Szczegółowo opisano proces tworzenia specjalistycznej bazy danych medycznych, której przeznaczeniem jest wspomaganie procesu uczenia klasyfikatorów chorób przewodu pokarmowego. Na koniec przedstawiono zebrane w bazie dane oraz uzyskane efekty

Novel Thiourea and Oxime Ether Isosteviol-Based Anticoagulants: MD Simulation and ADMET Prediction

Activated blood coagulation factor X (FXa) plays a critical initiation step of the blood-coagulation pathway and is considered a desirable target for anticoagulant drug development. It is reversibly inhibited by nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) such as apixaban, betrixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban. Thrombosis is extremely common and is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. In previous studies, novel thiourea and oxime ether isosteviol derivatives as FXa inhibitors were designed through a combination of QSAR studies and molecular docking. In the present contribution, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for 100 ns to assess binding structures previously predicted by docking and furnish additional information. Moreover, three thiourea- and six oxime ether-designed isosteviol analogs were then examined for their drug-like and ADMET properties. MD simulations demonstrated that four out of the nine investigated isosteviol derivatives, i.e., one thiourea and three oxime ether ISV analogs, form stable complexes with FXa. These derivatives interact with FXa in a manner similar to Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs like edoxaban and betrixaban, indicating their potential to inhibit factor Xa activity. One of these derivatives, E24, displays favorable pharmacokinetic properties, positioning it as the most promising drug candidate. This, along with the other three derivatives, can undergo further chemical synthesis and bioassessment