MAPEAMENTO DO RISCO DE INCÊNDIO NA BACIA DO ALTO PARAGUAI UTILIZANDO DADOS AVHRR-NOAA

Na Bacia do Alto Paraguai o fogo é muito utilizado para manejo de pastagens, principalmente durante a estação seca. A determinação do risco de incêndio em áreas de vegetação é uma informação importante para auxiliar as práticas de manejo adequado ao uso do fogo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o mapeamento do risco de incêndio na Bacia do Alto Paraguai utilizando dados AVHRR-NOAA. A análise dos perfis temporais da Banda 1 e do NDVI nos meses de agosto, setembro e outubro de 2004 a 2008, em conjunto com os focos de calor detectados nas imagens NOAA, permitiu caracterizar o decréscimo da umidade da vegetação que proporciona a condição para ocorrência de incêndios. Os resultados mostraram que valores do fator de refletância da Banda 1 maiores que 5% e valores do NDVI menores que 0,40, podem estimar alto grau de risco de incêndio. O mapeamento do risco de incêndio utilizando dados AVHRR-NOAA demonstrou ter forte correlação com os focos de calor detectados nas imagens NOAA. O método mostrou ser viável e pode ser refinado para integrar os sistemas de prevenção de incêndio para alerta de queimadas e para tomadas de decisão para controle do fogo. Palavras-chave: Sensoriamento remoto. Processamento de imagens. Série temporal. Queimada. Pantanal. Fire risk mapping in the Alto Paraguai Basin using AVHRR-NOAA data In the Alto Paraguai River Basin the fire is widely used for pasture management, especially during the dry season. The determination of the fire risk in grasslands is a valuable information to aid the management practices of fire use. This study aimed to map the fire risk in the Alto Paraguai River Basin using NOAA-AVHRR data. The analysis of the temporal profiles derived from Channel 1 and NDVI in august, September and October from 2004 to 2008, in addiction to the hotspots detected by the NOAA images, allowed to characterize the decrease of vegetation moisture, which provides the condition for fire occurrence. The results have shown that values grater than 5% in Channel 1 and values lower than 0.40 in NDVI can estimate high fire risk. The fire risk mapping using NOAA-AVHRR data has shown a strong correlation with the hotspots detected in the NOAA images. The method has proved to be viable and can be refined to integrate the prevention systems to alert fire risks and for decision making to control the vegetation fire. Key words: Remote sensing. Image processing. Time-series. Vegetation fire. Pantanal

QUANTIFICATION OF FLOODED AREAS OF PANTANAL BY SUB-PIXEL CLASSIFICATION OF MODIS TIME-SERIES DATA

Floods in the Pantanal affect the fish production and influence the dynamics of vegetation, also changing the meat production. The understanding of floods dynamics is crucial to infer the level of flooding, once it promotes changes in the whole plain. The understanding of floods dynamics is crucial to infer the level of flooding. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images provide wide coverage of the Earth.s surface with high temporal resolution, which are important features for flood monitoring. However, its moderate spatial resolution may cause the spectral mixing of different land cover classes within a single pixel. In this context, the objective of this study was to apply a methodology for sub-pixel classification using MODIS time-series data, in order to quantify the flooded areas in the Pantanal. Data from the mid-infrared channel of MODIS sensor allowed the monitoring of flood prone areas in the Pantanal during the 2008/2009 and 2007/2008 hydrological years. The drought and flood periods are quite variable, occurring from North to South and from East to West. The sub-pixel classification models, generated from Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network, demonstrated excellent suitability for the mapping and quantification of flooded areas of the Pantanal based on the Commitment measur

Caracterização de aspectos físicos e socioeconômicos da Unidade de Planejamento e Gerenciamento do Rio Iguatemi, Mato Grosso do Sul

As bacias hidrográficas apresentam-se como uma unidade ideal para a verificação das condições ambientais de uma determinada região, pois nesta interagem os fatores bióticos, abióticos e antrópicos. O crescente processo de antropização no Brasil desperta a necessidade de estudos e discussões em torno de temas relacionados ao planejamento e gestão sustentável dos recursos naturais. Este trabalho objetivou realizar a caracterização de aspectos físicos e socioeconômicos da Unidade de Planejamento e Gerenciamento (UPG) do Rio Iguatemi/MS, formada pela bacia que leva este mesmo nome, na perspectiva de contribuir com informações que subsidiem o sistema de gestão ambiental do estado e da região. Os resultados apresentados, expressos na forma de tabelas e mapas, são fonte de informações acerca da situação do uso e ocupação das terras nessa UPG, da caracterização dos principais recursos físicos e da situação socioeconômica na região. Dentre os principais resultados, destaca-se o elevado grau de antropização na UPG, superior a media estadual, com áreas predominantemente ocupadas por pastagens, já que a agropecuária é a principal atividade econômica na região

SISLA - WEB APPLICATION AND SPATIAL DATABASE TO FOSTER NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AT MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL

Crucial demands for sustainable land management and environmental governance have trigged solutions based on remote spatial databases and web-based systems. Those solutions provide valuable public services for the citizens and businesses. This paper described SISLA (Interactive System to Support Environmental Licensing), tailored to Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The modules available at SISLA and described in this article are: metadata, supplementary spatial layers, license process workflow, and spatial analysis report. This study also has found that private companies have been the largest group to use SISLA as described by a brief survey

UPGRADE OF WATER RESOURCES MAPS FROM MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE USING GEOTECHNOLOGIES

The objective of this work is to present the methods used and results obtained in the activities of upgrading water resources maps from Mato Grosso do Sul State. The geographic boundaries of the hydrographic sub-basins or Planning and Management Units (UPG) were upgraded using an algorithm based on D8 (Deterministic Eight-neighbor Method) applied to the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the State. The digital hydrographic network was corrected and upgraded from medium resolution satellite images CCD/CBERS-2B, at 1:100,000 scale. The results obtained with these activities constitute a significant improvement on the information of water resources available for the State, although some inconsistencies occurred in the Pantanal flatlands, where minimal or nil height changes jeopardized the analysis of water features, as well as the performance of the algorithm to delimit hydrographic basins. The resulting vector dataset of these upgrading activities is available at SISLA (Interactive System for Environmental Licensing Support), a web tool managed by Mato Grosso do Sul State for the evaluation of environmental licensing processes, which will contribute to improve the management of water resources from this Stat

Phenological characterization of vegetation cover based on time series of NDVI/MODIS, in Niassa Reserve-Mozambique

A Reserva do Niassa é uma das maiores áreas de conservação do mundo de Florestas de Miombo. Todos os anos há recorrência de incêndios antropogênicos na estação seca. Estudos sobre a caracterização fenológica e a influência dos incêndios nesta fitofisionomia são ainda incipientes. Assim sendo, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar a fenologia da cobertura vegetal da Reserva do Niassa com base em séries temporais de NDVI/MODIS e relacioná-las com regiões homogêneas. Inicialmente, as séries temporais, entre 2001 a 2015, foram suavizadas pelo filtro Savitzky-Golay disponivel no programa TIMESAT. As imagens médias foram classificadas, com base em k-médias, e extraídos o perfil espectro-temporal para o período de análise. Posteriormente, foram extraídas as métricas fenológicas: Início e Fim do ciclo, Duração do ciclo, Mínima atividade fotossintética, Máxima atividade fotossintética, Amplitude, Taxa de rebrota, Taxa de senescência, Produtividade total e Produtividade sazonal. Com base nos resultados, observou-se que as regiões homogêneas obtidas representam os principais grupos de cobertura vegetal da Reserva do Niassa, as quais são marcadas por forte sazonalidade. Áreas com oconência de Floresta Decídua e Aberta Semi-decídua apresentam padrão fenológico diferenciado de Florestas de Montanha e Florestas Ribeirinha e Matagal. Existe, portanto, um padrão fenológico típico e distinto entre as regiões homogêneas, o qual está relacionado a condições climáticas da região, podendo ser caracterizado a partir de série temporal NDVI do sensor MODIS.The Niassa Reserve is one of the largest conservation areas in the world of Miombo Forests. Every year there is a recurrence of anthropogenic fires during the dry season. Studies on the phenological characterization and the influence of the fires in this phytophysiognomy are still incipient. Thus, this research aimed to characterize the phenology of the vegetation cover of the Niassa Reserve based on time series of NDVI/MODIS and to relate them with homogeneous regions. lnitially, the 2001-2015 time series was smoothed by the Savitzky-Golay filter available in the TIMESAT program. The average images were classified, based on k-means, and temporal profiles were extracted for this period of analysts. Afterwards, the following phenological metrics were extracted: Start and End of the cycle, Cycle duration, Minimum photosynthetic activity, Maximum photosynthetic activity, Amplitude, Regrowth rate, Senescence rate, Total productivity and Seasonal productivity. Based on the results, it was observed that the homogeneous regions obtained represented the mam plant groups oft he Niassa Reserve, which are marked by strong seasonality. Areas with Deciduous and Semi-deciduous Open Forest present different phenological patterns of Mountain Forests and Riverine and Scrubland Forests. There is, therefore, a typical and distinct phenological pattern among the homogeneous regions which is related to the climatic conditions of the region and can be characterized by the NDVI time series of the MODIS sensor

METHODOLOGY FOR SYSTEMATICAL MAPPING OF ANNUAL CROPS IN MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE (BRAZIL)

This paper presents the preliminary results of a methodology developed for the systematic mapping of annual crops, potentially applicable to the entire country. There are many interests and demands for information referring to agricultural activity worldwide. The execution of yearly crop harvests and its relation to the definition of future markets, the measurement of environmental impacts and, the formulation of public policies for agribusiness, are only some examples of the activities which would benefit from the data generation of cultures in the field. Mapping and monitoring the potential of daily images and of vegetation index from MODIS sensor system, in spite of its limitations due to the spatial resolution of 250m, has not yet been fully explored. The objective of this work is to develop and test a methodological approach based on the spectral/ temporal characteristics of an annual series of images from this sensor and to identify and map annual crops in the State Mato Grosso do Sul, produced with images of medium and high spatial resolution during the year 200

MAPPING OF SUMMER AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN THE ALTO PARAGUAI BASIN THROUGH EVI/MODIS TIME SERIES

The main land use and land cover (LULC) changes that a given area passes over the time can be evaluated by using spatial-temporal analysis of satellites images. Then, it is possible to identify the LULC changes, as well as the main causes of environmental impacts. The objective of this paper was to analyze the LULC changes of the main agricultural lands cultivated in the Alto Paraguai Basin (BAP). This paper focused on the summer crops (soybean and corn) and the analysis of agricultural expansion. The results, considering a16-year comparison, showed an increase of 40.60% in the expansion of agricultural areas. The evaluation of the accuracy showed the efficiency of the methodology of agricultural mapping, presenting a Kappa Index of 0.85 for the 2000/2001 and 0.86 for the 2015/2016 crop season

ANALYSIS OF THE VEGETATION PHENOLOGY FROM THE ALTO PARAGUAI BASIN THROUGHT THE REPRESENTATION OF HARMONIC CYCLES OF EVI/MODIS TIME-SERIES

The Alto Paraguai Basin (BAP) is of strategic importance for Brazil, due to its ecological diversity of landscape, especially because it includes the Pantanal floodplain. The harmonic analysis can be used in remote sensing time-series data to study the cyclic behavior of vegetation indices. The visual representation of harmonic terms can help image interpretation through the combination of colors in the HLS (Hue, Lightness, Saturation) space which provides a soft visual transition effect between the cycles. The objective of this study was to analyze the vegetation phenology of the BAP using the harmonic analysis applied to an EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) time-series data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) during 10 hydrologic years from October 2001 to September 2011, considering the HLS representation of the harmonic terms. The results show that the vegetation phenology of BAP presents spatial patterns coherent with the vegetation development and consistent with the variability of the seasonal inundations in Pantanal, which determines the hydrologic conditions of the region, directly affecting the moment of maximum EVI. The HLS representation of harmonic terms indicates that it is an effective tool for the visual interpretation of vegetation cycle