Conditional inactivation of the ubiquitin protein ligase Itch of the mouse

Ubiquitination of substrate proteins takes place in an enzymatic reaction involving several enzymes. The specificity in this process is most probably determined by the ubiqiutin-protein ligases. In this work, we aimed to study the ubiquitin-protein ligase Itch. A mouse strain was generated, in which the itch gene could be conditionally inactivated. This was possible by taking use of Cre/loxP mediated recombination. Ubiquitous as well as a T cell specific deletion of Itch leads to the development of a systemic inflammatory disease. The characteristic feature of the disease is infiltration of inflammatory cell into several organs We could therefore show that itch mutated T cells are responsible for the initiation of systemic inflammatory disease in these mice. Furthermore, the itch mutated T cells displays an activated phenotype. In addition, high titers of serum IgG1 and IgE and increased number of blood eosiniophil implicates a Th2 polarisation of the immune reaction of these mice

The Politics of the Sustainable Development Goals

This book draws attention to political aspects of sustainable development goal-setting, exploring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the global-national nexus during their first five years. After broad global deliberation and political negotiations, the 2030 Agenda and its SDGs were adopted in the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 2015, and by now many countries have political structures in place for working towards their realisation. This book explores three concepts to call attention to the political qualities of processes related to the SDGs: legitimacy, responsibility, and accountability. Legitimacy is required to obtain broad political ownership for policy goals in order for them to become effective in addressing cross-border sustainability challenges. Responsibility needs to be clearly distributed among political institutions if a long-term set of broad goals such as the SDGs are to be realised. Accountability to the public is the retrospective mirror of political responsibility. The Politics of the Sustainable Development Goals contributes new knowledge on political processes at the nexus of global and national levels, focussing on three countries at different levels of socio-economic development and democratisation: namely Ghana, Tanzania, and Sweden. These countries illustrate a variety of challenges related to the realisation of the SDGs. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of sustainable development, international organisations, and global politics

The Politics of the Sustainable Development Goals

This book draws attention to political aspects of sustainable development goal-setting, exploring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the global-national nexus during their first five years. After broad global deliberation and political negotiations, the 2030 Agenda and its SDGs were adopted in the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 2015, and by now many countries have political structures in place for working towards their realisation. This book explores three concepts to call attention to the political qualities of processes related to the SDGs: legitimacy, responsibility, and accountability. Legitimacy is required to obtain broad political ownership for policy goals in order for them to become effective in addressing cross-border sustainability challenges. Responsibility needs to be clearly distributed among political institutions if a long-term set of broad goals such as the SDGs are to be realised. Accountability to the public is the retrospective mirror of political responsibility. The Politics of the Sustainable Development Goals contributes new knowledge on political processes at the nexus of global and national levels, focussing on three countries at different levels of socio-economic development and democratisation: namely Ghana, Tanzania, and Sweden. These countries illustrate a variety of challenges related to the realisation of the SDGs. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of sustainable development, international organisations, and global politics

Radiological environmental monitoring at the ESS facility – Annual report 2021

Results from the radiological environmental monitoring of the European Spallation Source (ESS) are presented for 2021. Previous zero-point assessments (2017-2020) have mainly focussed on terrestrial samples. New sample types for 2021 include a sediment sample from a pond at the ESS and brown seaweed (Fucus) from Lomma bay and from the east coast of Scania (Skillinge). For gamma-emitting radionuclides, increased levels of anthropogenic radioactivity (177Lu and 131I) originating from hospital use, were only observed in sewage sludge samples. For tritium, the majority of the samples had activity concentrations that were below the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of 1.62 Bq l-1. Expected environmental levels, without any evidence of local contamination, were also seen in the 14C data

Status quo in the queue - en studie om interna faktorer som påverkar köer i vården

Hälso- och sjukvården ska bedrivas med god ekonomi och god kvalitet. Kvaliteten kan utgå ur två perspektiv, det medicinska och det patientupplevda och dessa två kan, men behöver inte vara desamma. De förändringar som sker på grund av signaler uppifrån, nationellt och regionalt, politiskt och administrativt, innebär just nu en kraftig fokusering på köerna och på att verksamheterna ska vara säkra på att endast ”rätt” patienter redovisas i sin väntan på vård. Vi har upplevt att det i vissa verksamheter finns en brist på tydlighet och menar att det är viktigt att ha en tydlig strategi med mätbara mål som alla är involverade i och känner till. I undersökningen finns goda exempel där man har förändrat sina verksamhetsprocesser och det visar att det finns möjligheter till förändring även inom en offentlig organisation och att benchmarking bör användas. Det arbete som nu pågår med körevisioner innebär att patienter som inte ska finnas i kön gallras ut, men till slut nås en punkt då det inte går att gallra mer och om det då fortfarande finns väntetider måste man vända sig inåt och analysera sin verksamhet och de processer som finns. Inställningen angående produktionen är olika i verksamheterna, några är förutseende och ser långt framåt medan andra endast tycks titta i backspegeln, vilket inte gagnar en ökad produktion som är nödvändigt för att bli av med sina köer. Vid förändringar är det viktigt att ledningen visar sitt stöd, men också att målen kommuniceras ut så att alla förstår dem och vad som krävs för att dessa ska uppnås. Vi är medvetna om att verksamheterna har olika förutsättningar men menar ändå att alla kan göra små förbättringar med befintliga resurser. Uppföljning och feedback är också oerhört viktigt för att se hur bra man har lyckats med sitt arbete och om ytterligare förändringar behöver göras

Digested wheat gluten inhibits binding between leptin and its receptor

BACKGROUND: Leptin resistance is considered a primary risk factor for obesity. It has been hypothesized that dietary cereal grain protein could cause leptin resistance by preventing leptin from binding to its receptor. Non-degraded dietary wheat protein has been found in human serum at a mean level of 41 ng/mL. Here, we report our findings from testing whether enzymatically digested gluten from wheat prevents leptin from binding to the leptin receptor in vitro. Gluten from wheat was digested with pepsin and trypsin under physiological conditions. Pepsin and trypsin activity was removed from the gluten digest with a 10 kDa spin-filter or by heat treatment at 100°C for 30 min. Binding to the leptin receptor of leptin mixed with gluten digest at a series of concentrations was measured using surface plasmon resonance technology. RESULTS: Binding of the gluten digest to the leptin receptor was not detected. Spin-filtered gluten digest inhibited binding of leptin to the leptin receptor, with 50% inhibition at a gluten digest concentration of ~10 ng/mL. Heat-treated gluten digest did not inhibit leptin binding. CONCLUSIONS: Digested wheat gluten inhibits binding of leptin to the leptin receptor, with half-maximal inhibition at 10 ng/mL. The inhibition is significant at clinically relevant concentrations and could therefore serve as a novel pathway to investigate to understand the molecular basis of leptin resistance, obesity and associated disorders

Tumor Genome Wide DNA Alterations Assessed by Array CGH in Patients with Poor and Excellent Survival Following Operation for Colorectal Cancer

Genome wide DNA alterations were evaluated by array CGH in addition to RNA expression profiling in colorectal cancer from patients with excellent and poor survival following primary operations