Molecular foundations of chilling-tolerance of modern maize

Gene Ontology categories of GO class “Molecular Function” significantly over-represented among transcripts down-regulated by cold treatment in S50676 inbred line. (PDF 233 kb

Current situation on labour market in transport industry – selected issues

International transport is a very important element of the national economy. Transport companies in Poland are developing very dynamically. However, the further development of transport companies is limited due to the lack of sufficient professional drivers. This article describes actions that are taken to increase the number of drivers.Transport międzynarodowy stanowi bardzo istotny element gospodarki narodowej. Firmy transportowe w Polsce rozwijają się bardzo dynamicznie, jednak dalszy rozwój firm transportowych jest ograniczony z powodu braku dostatecznej liczby kierowców zawodowych. W artykule podjęto tematykę dotyczącą niezbędnych działań, jakie muszą być podjęte w celu zwiększenia liczby kierowców zawodowych

Sustainable Production of Sweet Sorghum as a Bioenergy Crop Using Biosolids Taking into Account Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Currently, little data are available on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from sweet sorghum production under temperate climate. Similarly, information on the effect of bio-based waste products use on the carbon (C) footprint of sorghum cultivation is rare in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomical and environmental effects of the application of biosolids as a nitrogen source in the production of sweet sorghum as a bioenergy crop. The yield of sorghum biomass was assessed and the GHG emissions arising from crop production were quantified. The present study focused on whether agricultural use of sewage sludge and digestate could be considered an option to improve the C footprint of sorghum production. Biosolids—sewage sludge and digestate—could be recognized as a nutrient substitute without crop yield losses. Nitrogen application had the greatest impact on the external GHG emissions and it was responsible for 54% of these emissions. CO2eq emissions decreased by 14 and 11%, respectively, when sewage sludge and digestate were applied. This fertilization practice represents a promising strategy for low C agriculture and could be recommended to provide sustainable sorghum production as a bioenergy crop to mitigate GHG emissions

Practical Solution of Rail Vehicle and Track Dynamics Monitoring System

abstractEN: The improvement of traveller comfort and safety, in parallel to an increase of passenger train speed, is a reason to implement monitoring systems. These systems are more often used to monitor components of railway infrastructure and vehicles. Studies in this area must be preceded by identification and a complex analysis of the railway vehicle - track system. This allows us to recognise the dynamic properties of the system and then select the appropriate place to install sensors on board the vehicle. This paper presents the results of model studies and a prototype monitoring system which is installed on a passenger electric traction unit. This system is aimed, inter alia, at monitoring the state of train suspension and the detection of some particular track geometric irregularities.score: 8collation: 271-28

Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Ash Based on Cradle-to-Cradle Approach—Mini-Review

The wastewater treatment process generates large amounts of P-rich organic waste (sewage sludge (SS)). The direct application of SS in agriculture, being controversial, is gradually being replaced by incineration, leading to the concentration of both P and heavy metals in the solid residual-sewage sludge ash (SSA). The novel closed-loop, cradle-to-cradle (C2C) approach leads to maintaining P production at current levels and counteracts its depletion in the future. The aim of this review is the presentation of the implementation of the C2C approach for P recovery. The paper focuses on steps that comprise P C2C, starting from the SS properties, being a derivative of wastewater type and treatment processes, to SS pre-treatment and finally leading to certified P-fertilizers production from SSA by application thermochemical or wet chemical extraction technologies. Examples of SSA treatment technologies and the final products are provided. It has been summarized that future research should focus on the production of SSA-based fertilizers aligning with the C2C concept and determining its effect on the various agriculture and horticulture crops.This article is published as Jama-Rodzeńska, Anna, Józef Sowiński, Jacek A. Koziel, and Andrzej Białowiec. "Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Ash Based on Cradle-to-Cradle Approach—Mini-Review." Minerals 11, no. 9 (2021): 985. DOI: 10.3390/min11090985. Copyright 2021 by the authors. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Posted with permission

Wpływ różnego sposobu aplikacji nawozu YaraRega na efektywność nawożenia i plonowanie sorga cukrowego (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Background. The sorghum (C4) species has a high potential for accumulation of photosynthetic radiation. It is possible to obtain a high biomass yield after meeting the fertilization needs of plants, especially as regards nitrogen. Material and methods. In 2013–2015 at the Experimental Station Pawłowice, which belongs to the Department of Crop Production, a field experiment was conducted that aimed to assess the usefulness of the fertilizer YaraRega to fertilize sweet sorghum. Two methods of using the fertilizer were used: broadcasting application and fertigation, using two rates (40 and 80 kg N per ha), and were compared with the control (without fertilization). The fertilizer in the foliar form was applied in two solutions: 0.20 and 0.40%, respectively, for rates of 40 and 80 kg N per ha. The study estimated the effect of fertilization on the productivity of fresh and dry matter and the effectiveness of these treatments. Results. The statistically significant increase in the fresh matter yield obtained under the influence of nitrogen rates was about 25% (after fertilization with 40 kg N per ha) and 32% (after the application of 80 kg N per ha). Taking into account also the dry matter yield, only fertilization with 40 kg N per ha caused a significant increase in the yield compared with the control. Fertilization with a rate of 40 kg N per ha caused an increase in the fresh matter yield of about 300 and 334 kg per 1 kg of nitrogen used after of broadcasting and fertigation application methods respectively. Agronomic efficiency expressed in dry matter yield amounted to 75 and 76 kg per 1 kg of nitrogen used. Conclusion. YaraRega is recommended to be applied to sorghum with the fertigation method. No toxic effect on sorghum plants was observed after an application of the 0.4% solution.W latach 2013–2015 przeprowadzono badania mające na celu ocenę wpływu nawozu YaraRega na plon, cechy morfologiczne i właściwości chemiczne sorga cukrowego. YaraRega jest nową formulacją nawozów zalecaną do stosowania łącznie z nawadnianiem. Nawóz stosowano dwiema metodami, w tym samym terminie, w dwóch dawkach: poprzez aplikację powierzchniową oraz fertygację, w dawce $90$ i $180 kg⋅ha^(-1)$ masy nawozowej (co odpowiadało $40$ i $80 kg⋅ha^(-1)$ N) w porównaniu z kontrolą (bez nawożenia). Nawóz w formie roztworu zastosowano w dwóch stężeniach 0.20 i 0.40% (odpowiednio dla dawki $90$ i $180 kg⋅ha^(-1)$ masy nawozowej). Określono wpływ nawożenia na wielkość plonu świeżej i suchej masy oraz efektywność tego zabiegu. Pod wpływem nawożenia uzyskano statystycznie istotny większy plonu świeżej masy o 25% (po nawożeniu $90 kg⋅ha^(-1)$) i o 32% (po zastosowaniu $180 kg⋅ha^(-1)$ masy nawozowej). Nawożenie dawką $40 kg⋅ha^(-1)$ N spowodowało istotny wzrost plonu suchej masy o 300 kg (powierzchniowe nawożenie) i o 334 kg (fertygacja) na kg zastosowanego azotu. Efektywność agronomiczna wyrażona w kg suchej masy na kg azotu wynosiła odpowiednio dla obiektów nawożonych powierzchniowo i poprzez fertygację $75$ i $76 kg⋅kg^(-1)$ N