7 research outputs found

    Initial Results of the International Efforts in Screening New Agents against Candida auris

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    This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Therapy of Fungal Infections: A Themed Issue Dedicated to Professor David A. Stevens.Background: Candida auris is an emergent fungal pathogen and a global concern, mostly due to its resistance to many currently available antifungal drugs. Objective: Thus, in response to this challenge, we evaluated the in vitro activity of potential new drugs, diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 and nikkomycin Z (nikZ), alone and in association with currently available antifungals (azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes) against Candida auris. Methods: Clinical isolates of C. auris were tested in vitro. (PhSe)2 and nikZ activities were tested alone and in combination with amphotericin B, fluconazole, or the echinocandins, micafungin and caspofungin. Results: (PhSe)2 alone was unable to inhibit C. auris, and antagonism or indifferent effects were observed in the combination of this compound with the antifungals tested. NikZ appeared not active alone either, but frequently acted cooperatively with conventional antifungals. Conclusion: Our data show that (PhSe)2 appears to not have a good potential to be a candidate in the development of new drugs to treat C. auris, but that nikZ is worthy of further study.his work was accomplished with support from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil, within the scope of the Capes-PrInt Program—Financing Code 001info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Anti-Aspergillus fumigatus IgG in patients with bronchiectasis and its relationship with clinical outcome

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    Aspergillosis is a mycosis, most commonly afecting the airways. This mycosis can worsen the clinical condition of patients with concurrent lung diseases. We assayed for the presence of serum anti-A. fumigatus IgG in bronchiectasis patients from a tertiary hospital in south Brazil and evaluated the relationship with clinical outcome. Thirty-one patients with bronchiec tasis, without cystic fbrosis, were included. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from all participants. Positive serological tests were detected in 13% (4/31) of the patients. The mortality rate for the year following the assay was, in the seropositive group, 75% (3/4), whereas in the seronegative group, 15% (4/27). An illustrative case is also shown and discussed. Our study highlights the diagnostic challenge and the possible impact of Aspergillus infection on these patients, indicating the necessity of more and larger investigations in the feldinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Aspergilose pulmonar crónica: os desafios para o diagnóstico e aplicabilidade de ferramentas auxiliares - relato de caso

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    Abstract publicado em: Braz J Infect Dis. 2021 Jan;25(S1):101078. doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2020.101446.Introdução: Estima‐se que anualmente 3 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo desenvolvam aspergilose pulmonar crônica (CPA), no entanto, seu diagnóstico é desafiador. Objetivo: Relatar o caso de um paciente com repetidos isolamentos de A. fumigatus em amostras respiratórias desde 2013, e diagnóstico de CPA confirmado somente em 2019. Metodologia: Homem, 73 anos, diagnóstico de HIV em 2000 (desde 2010 supressão virológica), ex‐usuário de drogas, tabaco e álcool (abstêmio desde 2008), timoma em 2002, com ressecção cirúrgica. Em 2006 e 2009, apresentou infecção por Mycobacterium avium. Desde 2010, em uso de corticóide inalatório e β2‐agonista para DPOC, infecções respiratórias de repetição e deterioração progressiva de parênquima pulmonar em exames de imagem. Realizadas cerca de 10 investigações para micobacteriose, após tratamento, todas negativas. Em 2013 e 2015, A. fumigatus foi isolado de escarro e LBA, respectivamente. Interpretado como colonização, não houve tratamento antifúngico em ambas ocasiões. Em 2018, A. fumigatus foi novamente isolado de escarro, sendo realizada investigação sorológica, que permitiu o diagnóstico por detecção de anticorpos (IDGA ‐ IMMY®; e ELISA IgG Aspergillus Bio‐Rad®) e antígeno (LFA Aspergillus GM, IMMY®). Paciente não tolerou a terapia com anfo B, recebendo itraconazol (ITC) (200 mg; 12/12 h). Após 6 meses de tratamento, teve melhora clínica e estabilização do quadro radiológico; e IDGA negativou, sendo indicada manutenção do ITC por mais 6 meses. A análise genotípica pela técnica de microssatélites (alto poder discriminatório: 0,9968), comprovou que três isolados de A. fumigatus obtidos em diferentes momentos eram a mesma estirpe. Discussão/Conclusão: O diagnóstico da CPA é um desafio pela dificuldade em interpretar o isolamento de A. fumigatus de amostra respiratória, podendo ser contaminação, colonização ou, de fato, uma infecção ativa. Nosso caso ilustra este contexto, no qual esse diagnóstico foi considerado somente após diversos isolamentos fúngicos. O fato de tratar‐se de mesma cepa fúngica isolada nos diferentes anos, sugere a associação deste agente com a deterioração progressiva do parênquima pulmonar; ou ainda uma colonização prévia que culminou com progressão para doença ativa após danos por outras etiologias e/ou uso de corticóide. Em ambos os casos, cabe ressaltar a importância de investigar um paciente com comprometimento pulmonar crônico cujas amostras respiratórias resultem em isolamento de A. fumigatus.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Treatment of Human Sporotrichosis Caused by <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis</i>

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    We describe the successful treatment of a series of 30 zoonotic sporotrichosis cases from southern Brazil. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the species genotypically identified in all 25 confirmed cases. Five other cases were classified as probable, without laboratory confirmation, but with clinical and epidemiological data of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis. Two isolates were sequenced by translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α) loci in order to compare their sequences, and both of them showed distinct genotypes from S. brasiliensis strains from other Brazilian states. Itraconazole (ITZ) or potassium iodide (KI) were the first choice treatment in 28 and 2 cases, respectively. Microdilution assay showed a wild-type profile of S. brasiliensis isolates to ITZ. However, a lack of clinical response occurred in 42% of cases, especially those treated with ITZ 100 mg/day, and treatment needed modifications, by either increased doses or antifungal combinations. Clinical cure required a mean of 187 days of treatment, which was dependent on the clinical form of the disease and age of patients. Therapy, including dosages and durations, for cutaneous forms of sporotrichosis requires re-evaluation, since cases caused by S. brasiliensis may influence treatment efficacy
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