3,093 research outputs found
Crossover from normal to anomalous diffusion in field-aligned dipolar systems
Using molecular dynamics simulations we investigate the translational
dynamics of particles with dipolar interactions in homogenous external fields.
For a broad range of concentrations, we find that the anisotropic, yet normal
diffusive behavior characterizing weakly coupled systems becomes anomalous both
parallel and perpendicular to the field at sufficiently high dipolar coupling
and field strength. After the ballistic regime, chain formation first yields
cage-like motion in all directions, followed by transient, mixed
diffusive-superdiffusive behavior resulting from cooperative motion of the
chains. The enhanced dynamics disappears only at higher densities close to
crystallization
Non-equilibrium condensation and coarsening of field-driven dipolar colloids
In colloidal suspensions, self-organization processes can be easily fueled by
external fields. One particularly interesting class of phenomena occurs in
monolayers of dipolar particles that are driven by rotating external fields.
Here we report results from a computer simulation study of such systems
focusing on the clustering behavior also observed in recent experiments. The
key result of this paper is a novel interpretation of this pattern formation
phenomenon: We show the clustering to be a by-product of a vapor-liquid first
order phase transition. In fact, the observed dynamic coarsening process
corresponds to the spindodal demixing that occurs during such a transitionComment: 6 pages, 5 figure
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Equivalent Mid-Term Results of Open vs Endoscopic Gluteal Tendon Tear Repair Using Suture Anchors in Forty-Five Patients.
BackgroundLittle is known about the relative efficacy of open (OGR) vs endoscopic (EGR) gluteal tendon repair of gluteal tendon tears in minimizing pain and restoring function. Our aim is to compare these 2 surgical techniques and quantify their impact on clinical outcomes.MethodsAll patients undergoing gluteal tendon tear repair at our institution between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Pain scores, limp, hip abduction strength, and the use of analgesics were recorded preoperatively and at last follow-up. The Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Junior and Harris Hip Score Section1 were obtained at last follow-up. Fatty degeneration was quantified using the Goutallier-Fuchs Classification (GFC). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance and t-tests.ResultsForty-five patients (mean age 66, 87% females) met inclusion criteria. Average follow-up was 20.3 months. None of the 10 patients (22%) undergoing EGR had prior surgery. Of 35 patients (78%) undergoing OGR, 12 (27%) had prior hip replacement (75% via lateral approach). The OGRs had more patients with GFC ≥2 (50% vs 11%, P = .02) and used more anchors (P = .03). Both groups showed statistical improvement (P ≤ .01) for all outcomes measured. GFC >2 was independently associated with a worst limp and Harris Hip Score Section 1 score (P = .05). EGR had a statistically higher opioid use reduction (P < .05) than OGR. Other comparisons between EGR and OGR did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionIn this series, open vs endoscopic operative approach did not impact clinical outcomes. More complex tears were treated open and with more anchors. Fatty degeneration adversely impacted outcomes. Although further evaluation of the efficacy of EGR in complex tears is indicated, both approaches can be used successfully
Pattern formation of dipolar colloids in rotating fields: layering and synchronization
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.We report Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation and theoretical results for a system of spherical colloidal particles with permanent dipole moments in a rotating magnetic field. Performing simulations at a fixed packing fraction and dipole coupling parameter, we construct a full non-equilibrium phase diagram as a function of the driving frequency (ω0) and field strength (B0). This diagram contains both synchronized states, where the individual particles follow the field with (on average) constant phase difference, and asynchronous states. The synchronization is accompanied by layer formation, i.e., by spatial symmetry-breaking, similar to systems of induced dipoles in rotating fields. In the permanent dipole case, however, too large ω0 yields a breakdown of layering, supplemented by complex changes of the single-particle rotational dynamics from synchronous to asynchronous behavior. We show that the limit frequencies ωc can be well described as a bifurcation in the nonlinear equation of motion of a single-particle rotating in a viscous medium. Finally, we present a simple density functional theory, which describes the emergence of layers in perfectly synchronized states as an equilibrium phase transition.DFG, GRK 1558, Kollektive Dynamik im Nichtgleichgewicht: in kondensierter Materie und biologischen Systeme
A Cryogenic Test Station for Subcooling Helium Heat Exchangers for LHC
The superconducting magnets of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be cooled at 1.9 K by distributed cooling loops where counter-flow heat exchangers will be integrated. To qualify potential suppliers for the 250-units series production, prototypes of various technologies have been selected by CERN and a test station was set up at CEA-Grenoble. This test station, is constituted of a cryostat allowing an easy access to the heat exchanger to be tested as well as very low pressure pumping facilities
2D velocity fields of simulated interacting disc galaxies
We investigate distortions in the velocity fields of disc galaxies and their
use to reveal the dynamical state of interacting galaxies at different
redshift. For that purpose, we model disc galaxies in combined
N-body/hydrodynamic simulations. 2D velocity fields of the gas are extracted
from these simulations which we place at different redshifts from z=0 to z=1 to
investigate resolution effects on the properties of the velocity field. To
quantify the structure of the velocity field we also perform a kinemetry
analysis. If the galaxy is undisturbed we find that the rotation curve
extracted from the 2D field agrees well with long-slit rotation curves. This is
not true for interacting systems, as the kinematic axis is not well defined and
does in general not coincide with the photometric axis of the system. For large
(Milky way type) galaxies we find that distortions are still visible at
intermediate redshifts but partly smeared out. Thus a careful analysis of the
velocity field is necessary before using it for a Tully-Fisher study. For small
galaxies (disc scale length ~2 kpc) even strong distortions are not visible in
the velocity field at z~0.5 with currently available angular resolution.
Therefore we conclude that current distant Tully-Fisher studies cannot give
reliable results for low-mass systems. Additionally to these studies we confirm
the power of near-infrared integral field spectrometers in combination with
adaptive optics (such as SINFONI) to study velocity fields of galaxies at high
redshift (z~2).Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, high
resolution version can be found at
http://astro.uibk.ac.at/~thomas/kronberger.pd
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