THE IMPORTANCE OF VIDEO ANALYSIS IN HUNGARIAN FOOTBALL

In results-oriented football, teams use innovative technologies to increase efficiency. One of these technologies is video analytics, and we explore its importance in Hungarian football. Our research hypotheses are based on assumptions, based on which we interviewed video analysts of NB1 teams who were given a questionnaire with different questions to answer and based on their answers we evaluated their opinion on video analytics, what advantages and disadvantages could be derived from the use of video analytics. Also, how many video analysts per team are employed by an NB1 team and to what extent video analysts cooperate with scouts to help them identify talent? In our research, 20 NB1 video analysts have completed the questionnaire so far. Statistical calculations were calculated using a one-sample Wilcoxon test and a binomial test. The video analysts’ answers showed that video analysis is actively used to analyze the opponent’s game. Furthermore, video analysis is also used to analyze player performance, to develop training plans and to select new players. All in all, it can be clearly concluded that the use of video analysis has more advantages than disadvantages and that video analysis plays a positive role in Hungarian NB1 football. Received 2023 January 18; Revised 2023 June 15; Accepted 2023 June 16; Available online 2023 July 30; Available print 2023 August 30

MONITORING THE FOOTBALL PLAYER’S RUNNING SPEED IN THE U7 RANGE IN RESPECT WITH BALL AND WITHOUT BALL

The purpose of the study is to prove that, the ball exercises and the playful form of practice are more effective, than the “less ball exercises” practical training. The two participant groups in the measurement were Gyáli –BKSE U7 and Vecsési FC U7. The monitoring has been made with testing method technique (N=40). We used the slalom sprint and the slalom dribble. To determinate the difference we used the 2-sample t-test. The group of Gyál had a better result in slalom sprint. At the assessment in November, the improvement (0.39 second) was outstanding too and the in following months the improvement’s rate showed almost the same tendency. The group’s average improvement (0.96 second) progressed. At slalom dribble, the improvement of the group of Vecsés was continuous. The group’s average improvement was 5.03 second. The group of Gyál’s improvement was continuous as well but its rate is 3.22 seconds. The rate of improvement did not show any significant difference. Therefore, I cannot claim that this method causes much the largest improvement comparing to the traditional method. At both of the groups, the improvement is clearly demonstrable. Despite that the significant improvement is not demonstrable I am going to practise these playful exercises and recommend to my colleagues who work with this generation. Because with this exercises the trainings are more playful and vivid

A STUDY ON THE REAL MADRID FOOTBALL TEAM’S FULL-BACKS’ INVOLVEMENT IN THE ATTACK

Real Madrid is one of the best teams in the world. This study examines the team’s game system and the full-backs’ involvement in the attack based on a video analysis. How effectively they enter the attack, what passes they complete in the different parts of the pitch (attacking, middle, defensive third) and how they help the team’s attacks. I analyzed in the flat back four game scheme the importance of the full-backs and their participation in the attack. I examined the matches of the first ten round in the 2015/2016 season, with special emphasis on the efficiency of the full-backs’ entry into the attack. In each match the team’s line-up was characterized by the flat back four game scheme. I prepared a graph for each match which shows what passes were completed by the full-backs and how successful they were. The results of the analyzed matches (n = 10) reveal that out of the total number of passes (1239) 597, that is 48%, were forward passes which aimed at helping the attack. 587 times the passes were completed by the full-backs and 461 times they were successful which equals to a pass accuracy of 77%. 32% of the passes took place in the attacking third, whereas in the middle third 52% and in the defensive third only 16% of the passes occurred. This study also addresses in details the passing efficiency. Another method that I used in the study is the heatmap. It is a special chart pointing out that throughout the whole match up to what degree took the full-back part in the game in the different parts of the pitch and where he was the most active. The graph shows only the two full-backs’ play which makes it very easy to analyze which parts of the football pitch were they the most active. The figures reveal the number of the ball contacts in the examined matches and based on this it is obvious that the left full-back was much more active during the matches. Without doubt it can be said that in Real Madrid team the left full-back helps the attacks in an almost midfielder manner. The arrows located on the heatmap indicate the direction of the team’s attack, helping the analysis of the graph

THE ROLE OF COACHES AND PARENTS IN YOUTH FOOTBALL TRAINING

Our topic is the investigation of the influence of parents and coaches of youth soccer children on the children’s sports performance, what is the role of coaches in teams of different youth age groups (according to the physiological effects of children), the relationship between coaches and parents, the relationship between coaches and players, the control and development of the most talented players. With our chosen topic, we set myself the goal of examining whether the support and help of parents or coaches has a greater effect on the child’s sports performance. We chose this topic because we would like to help during the coaching career in the future, and we also consider it important to develop the skills of young Hungarian football talents, in which parents and coaches have an important and outstanding role. In our article, we would like to reveal what are the outstanding factors that most influence a player’s performance on the field, and to what extent coaches and parents contribute to this. We think that it is important for both sides to see their role in the development of football talent. We would also like to examine to what extent parents contribute to the advancement of their child’s soccer career, whether they recognize the factors in which they should help their child progress in soccer. After all, in our opinion, without parental support, it will be more difficult for the player to progress, who will also be more balanced emotionally, which also has a significant impact on his sports performance, if the parent monitors and encourages him during his football career. Do soccer coaches consider their relationship with their students important? What is the role of football coaches in the different youth age groups, what is the focus? To what extent does the role and education of parents influence their children’s performance, football coaches, how can they cooperate with parents and players? How can football coaches keep under control and develop the most talented child? Received 2023 May 23; Revised 2023 June 15; Accepted 2023 June 16; Available online 2023 July 30; Available print 2023 August 30

PARP-Inhibitor Treatment Prevents Hypertension Induced Cardiac Remodeling by Favorable Modulation of Heat Shock Proteins, Akt-1/GSK-3β and Several PKC Isoforms

Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is a suitable model for studies of the complications of hypertension. It is known that activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme (PARP) plays an important role in the development of postinfarction as well as long-term hypertension induced heart failure. In this study, we examined whether PARP-inhibitor (L-2286) treatment could prevent the development of hypertensive cardiopathy in SHRs. 6-week-old SHR animals were treated with L-2286 (SHR-L group) or placebo (SHR-C group) for 24 weeks. Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as aged-matched, normotensive controls (WKY group). Echocardiography was performed, brain-derived natriuretic peptide (BNP) activity and blood pressure were determined at the end of the study. We detected the extent of fibrotic areas. The amount of heat-shock proteins (Hsps) and the phosphorylation state of Akt-1Ser473, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3βSer9, forkhead transcription factor (FKHR)Ser256, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes were monitored. The elevated blood pressure in SHRs was not influenced by PARP-inhibitor treatment. Systolic left ventricular function and BNP activity did not differ among the three groups. L-2286 treatment decreased the marked left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy which was developed in SHRs. Interstitial collagen deposition was also decreased by L-2286 treatment. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2Thr183-Tyr185, Akt-1Ser473, GSK-3βSer9, FKHRSer256, and PKC εSer729 and the level of Hsp90 were increased, while the activity of PKC α/βIIThr638/641, ζ/λ410/403 were mitigated by L-2286 administration. We could detect signs of LV hypertrophy without congestive heart failure in SHR groups. This alteration was prevented by PARP inhibition. Our results suggest that PARP-inhibitor treatment has protective effect already in the early stage of hypertensive myocardial remodeling

The Role of Hemoglobin Oxidation Products in Triggering Inflammatory Response Upon Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants

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Identification of Novel Pathogenic Sequence Variants of the Mismatch Repair Genes During Screening for Lynch Syndrome in a Single Centre of Eastern Hungary

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Circulating ACE2 activity predicts mortality and disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Objectives Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) represents the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 to enter endothelial cells. Here we investigated circulating ACE2 activity to predict the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Methods Serum ACE2 activity was measured in COVID-19 (110 critically ill and 66 severely ill subjects at hospital admission and 106 follow-up samples) and in 32 non-COVID-19 severe sepsis patients. Associations between ACE2, inflammation-dependent biomarkers, pre-existing comorbidities, and clinical outcomes were studied. Results Initial ACE2 activity was significantly higher in critically ill COVID-19 patients (54.4 [36.7-90.8] mU/L) than in severe COVID-19 (34.5 [25.2-48.7] mU/L; P<0.0001) and non-COVID-19 sepsis patients (40.9 [21.4-65.7] mU/L; P=0.0260) regardless of comorbidities. Circulating ACE2 activity correlated with inflammatory biomarkers and was further elevated during the hospital stay in critically ill patients. Based on ROC-curve analysis and logistic regression test, baseline ACE2 independently indicated the severity of COVID-19 with an AUC value of 0.701 (95% CI [0.621-0.781], P<0.0001). Furthermore, non-survivors showed higher serum ACE2 activity vs. survivors at hospital admission (P<0.0001). Finally, high ACE2 activity (≥45.4 mU/L) predicted a higher risk (65 vs. 37%) for 30-day mortality (Log-Rank P<0.0001). Conclusions Serum ACE2 activity correlates with COVID-19 severity and predicts mortality

The majority of severe COVID-19 patients develop anti-cardiac autoantibodies

Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by an inflammatory burst, which is accompanied by multiorgan failure. The elderly population has higher risk for severe or fatal outcome for COVID-19. Inflammatory mediators facilitate the immune system to combat viral infection by producing antibodies against viral antigens. Several studies reported that the pro-inflammatory state and tissue damage in COVID-19 also promotes autoimmunity by autoantibody generation. We hypothesized that a subset of these autoantibodies targets cardiac antigens. Here we aimed to detect anti-cardiac autoantibodies in severe COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. For this purpose, 104 COVID-19 patients were recruited, while 40 heart failure patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 20 patients with severe aortic stenosis served as controls. Patients were tested for anti-cardiac autoantibodies, using human heart homogenate as a bait. Follow-up samples were available in 29 COVID-19 patients. Anti-cardiac autoantibodies were detected in 68% (71 out of 104) of severe COVID-19 patients. Overall, 39% of COVID-19 patients had anti-cardiac IgG autoantibodies, while 51% had anti-cardiac autoantibodies of IgM isotype. Both IgG and IgM anti-cardiac autoantibodies were observed in 22% of cases, and multiple cardiac antigens were targeted in 38% of COVID-19 patients. These anti-cardiac autoantibodies targeted a diverse set of myocardial proteins, without apparent selectivity. As controls, heart failure patients (with dilated cardiomyopathy) had similar occurrence of IgG (45%, p = 0.57) autoantibodies, while significantly lower occurrence of IgM autoantibodies (30%, p = 0.03). Patients with advanced aortic stenosis had significantly lower number of both IgG (11%, p = 0.03) and IgM (10%, p < 0.01) type anti-cardiac autoantibodies than that in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we detected changes in the anti-cardiac autoantibody profile in 7 COVID-19 patients during hospital treatment. Surprisingly, the presence of these anti-cardiac autoantibodies did not affect the clinical outcome and the prevalence of the autoantibodies did not differ between the elderly (over 65 years) and the patients younger than 65 years of age. Our results demonstrate that the majority of hospitalized COVID-19 patients produce novel anti-cardiac IgM autoantibodies. COVID-19 also reactivates resident IgG autoantibodies. These autoantibodies may promote autoimmune reactions, which can complicate post-COVID recuperation, contributing to post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (long COVID)

Postoperative differences between colonization and infection after pediatric cardiac surgery-a propensity matched analysis

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify the postoperative risk factors associated with the conversion of colonization to postoperative infection in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: Following approval from the Institutional Review Board, patient demographics, co-morbidities, surgery details, transfusion requirements, inotropic infusions, laboratory parameters and positive microbial results were recorded during the hospital stay, and the patients were divided into two groups: patients with clinical signs of infection and patients with only positive cultures but without infection during the postoperative period. Using propensity scores, 141 patients with infection were matched to 141 patients with positive microbial cultures but without signs of infection. Our database consisted of 1665 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2004 and December 2008 at a single center. The association between the patient group with infection and the group with colonization was analyzed after propensity score matching of the perioperative variables. RESULTS: 179 patients (9.3%) had infection, and 253 patients (15.2%) had colonization. The occurrence of Gram-positive species was significantly greater in the colonization group (p=0.004). The C-reactive protein levels on the first and second postoperative days were significantly greater in the infection group (p=0.02 and p=0.05, respectively). The sum of all the positive cultures obtained during the postoperative period was greater in the infection group compared to the colonization group (p=0.02). The length of the intensive care unit stay (p<0.001) was significantly longer in the infection group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, we uncovered independent relationships between the conversion of colonization to infection regarding positive S. aureus and bloodstream results, as well as significant differences between the two groups regarding postoperative C-reactive protein levels and white blood cell counts