Wydolność tlenowa studentek Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w zależności od wieku oraz aktywności fizycznej mierzonej Beep Test – doniesienia wstępne = Aerobic fitness students of Silesian Medical University depending on the age and physical activity Rusing Beep Test- preliminary reports

Mędrak Anna, Bajerska Izabela, Plaskacz Paweł, Łosień Tomasz. Wydolność tlenowa studentek Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w zależności od wieku oraz aktywności fizycznej mierzonej Beep Test – doniesienia wstępne = Aerobic fitness students of Silesian Medical University depending on the age and physical activity Rusing Beep Test- preliminary reports. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):292-300. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57819http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3662   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.06.2016. Revised 09.07.2016. Accepted: 09.07.2016.  WYDOLNOŚĆ TLENOWA STUDENTEK ŚLĄSKIEGO UNIWERSYTETU MEDYCZNEGO W ZALEŻNOŚCI OD WIEKU ORAZ AKTYWNOŚCI FIZYCZNEJ MIERZONEJ BEEP TEST – DONIESIENIA WSTĘPNEAerobic fitness students of Silesian Medical University depending on the age and physical activity Rusing Beep Test- preliminary reports Anna Mędrak, Izabela Bajerska, Paweł Plaskacz, Tomasz Łosień Koło Naukowe Neurorehabilitacji przy Zakładzie Rehabilitacji Leczniczej Katedry Fizjoterapii Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach  STRESZCZENIEWstęp:Wydolność tlenowa jest to zdolność do podejmowania wysiłku fizycznego, bez znaczących zaburzeń homeostazy w przebiegu procesów utleniania. Tryb życia, warunki środowiskowe oraz gospodarka hormonalna są nieodłącznym elementem warunkującym  jej poziom. Podjęcie studiów wpływa na zmianę organizacji życia, co bezpośrednio przekłada się na wydolność organizmu studentek. Uniwersalną metodą badania wydolności aerobowej jest wielostopniowy test wahadłowy – Beep Test. Polega on na utrzymaniu określonego rytmu na dystansie 20 metrów, pomiar jest przerywany, gdy osoba testowana jest niezdolna do dalszego pokonania zadanego odcinka w określonym czasie. Interpretacja uzyskanych wyników odbywa się na podstawie orientacyjnych norm statystycznych.  Cel pracy: 1) Czy wiek wpływa na wydolność aerobową studentek?2) Czy częstotliwość treningów ma wpływ na uzyskane wyniki Beep Test?3) Czy faza cyklu miesiączkowego wpływa na wydolność tlenową badanej grupy kobiet?Materiały i metody:Zbadanych zostało 65 studentek Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach w wieku od 18 do 28 lat (x=20,65). W badaniu przeprowadzono Beep Test oraz wykorzystano autorską ankietę, składająca się z 12 pytań, które dotyczyły między innymi: formy, częstotliwości oraz rodzaju aktywności fizycznej, fazy cyklu miesiączkowego, a także subiektywnej oceny wydolności fizycznej. W dwóch pytania użyto skali Likerta.Wyniki i wnioski:Badanie wykazało wzrost wydolności aerobowej kobiet w przedziale wiekowym 18-21 lat.W grupie kobiet, które ukończyły 21 rok życia odnotowano znaczny spadek wyżej wymienionego parametru. Oceniając wyniki według orientacyjnej normy Beep Test  dla dorosłych ( Australia), studentki w wieku 18-20 osiągnęły średni wynik na poziomie: słabo,w wieku 21 wynik: przeciętnie, natomiast w przedziale wiekowym 22 wzwyż wynik: słabo. Najlepsze wyniki odnotowano u studentek w fazie folikularnej, natomiast najgorsze w fazie menstruacji. Przyrównując częstotliwość treningów (podaną w ankiecie przez grupę badanych) wraz z jej wzrostem (2-3 razy w tygodniu)  zwiększa się wydolność aerobowa. Wśród kobiet trenujących powyżej 4 razy w tygodniu wydolność tlenowa jest widocznie niższa,  w tym przypadku otrzymane wyniki Beep Test nie pokryły się z przewidywanym wynikiem ankietowym. Słowa kluczowe: Beep Test, aktywność fizyczna, studentki, wydolność aerobowa  SUMMARYAerobic fitness is the ability to undertake physical activity, without significant disorders  of homeostasis in the course of oxidation processes. Life style, environmental conditions and hormonal economy are an integral part of her conditioning level. Beginning of study alters the organization of life which directly translates the physical fitness of students. Universal aerobic capacity test method is a multistage test – Beep test. Interpretation of the results is based on the indicative statistical standards. The aim of the studyDoes age affect female students aerobic fitness?Is the frequency workouts has an effect on the results obtained Beep Test?Is the phase of the menstrual cycle affects the aerobic fitness test group of women? Material and methods65 students were examined at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice in age from 18 to 28 years (x=20.65). The study was conducted Beep Test and author used  a questionnaire consisting of 12 questions, which concerned, among other things: the form, frequency and type of physical activity, menstrual cycle phase, as well as subjective evaluation of physical capacity. Two questions used Likert scale. Results and conclusionsResearch shows an increase in aerobic fitness  women  between aged 18-21 years. In the group of women who turned 21 life was marked by a significant decrease in the above parameter. Estimating the results by reference standards for Beep Test for adults, students between aged 18-20 has reached the average grade on level: mild, in aged 21 result: average, while people aged 22 and above rating: bad. The best results were noted for students in the follicular phase, while in the worst phase of menstruation. Equating frequency of training (specified in the survey group of subjects), together with its increase (2-3 times per week) increases efficiency stain. Among women who are exercising more than 4 times in a week operability of oxygen is apparently  below, in this case, the obtained results Beep Test did not match with the expected result of the questionnaire. Keywords: Beep Test, physical activity, student, aerobic endurance

Physical activity of children aged 1-4

Introduction: Physical activity plays an important role in the child's development process. The most exposed to the consequences of hypokinesia are children in the period of intensive growth. Movement games during the youngest years have a significant impact on later life, especially on the occurrence of faulty posture or speed of acquiring new motor skills. In the literature, there are reports showing increasing obesity rates among children not only in Poland, but also across the world. It is estimated that this is related to the modern "style" of raising children and the early introduction of electronic toys, tablets, mobile phones and television in order to compensate for the small amount of time devoted to children.The aim of the study: 1) Do parents encourage children to take physical activities? 2) How often do parents spend time with their child in the open air? 3) Is the common creation of games often used in the process of raising a child? 4) Do parents take physical activity with their children? Material and methods: 62 people took part in the study and an original questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was used. The questions included, among other things, the age of the child and parents, the child's physical activity, diet and how they are spendind free time at home. Results and conclusions:72.6% of respondents encourage their children to take regular physical activity. Over half of the respondents said that every day they spend more than an hour with their child in the open air, only 21% create educational games together with their child. Over 72% of children actively participate in the physical activity with parents

The influence of menstrual cycle on aerobic capacity

Introduction: Nowadays sociocultural changes that happen in highly developed countries increased the awareness of physical activity and healthy lifestyle. The social media have a significant influence on promoting the healthy lifestyle and motivating people to live fit. More and more women in their 20s take up physical activity to gain a beautiful body and feel healthy. Considering many hormones changes during the menstrual cycle, authors of many studies try to find direct link between the female menstrual cycle and aerobic capacity or general level of performance. The aims of the study: Does a phase of menstrual cycle affect physical capacity and reached submaximal level of heart rate? Does a phase of menstrual cycle affect aerobic capacity of the students? Does the subjective rate of physical capacity confirms in beep test result? Methods: 44 students of Medical University of Silesia took part in the study. Authorial questionnaire consisting of 13 questions was used to collect essential informations such as age, phase of the menstrual cycle, subjective rate of the aerobic capacity. Study group was measured with Beep test (a shuffle test used to assess aerobic performance, consisting of 21 levels that differ in the number of stages and the speed at which a distance of 20m should be covered in a given time). Before and after (1st and 5th minute) every run heart rate was measured with pulseoximeter. Results: Considering the beep test result sheets, the average of student's results shows rather poor performance. (1) So far, the studies haven't indicated any link between menstrual cycle and aerobic capacity (2) There is a relation between the frequency of training sessions and the aerobic capacity. Students that do an endurance training (in many forms) tend to have average/good beep test result

The influence of boccia on self-esteem and increasing the functional capabilities of disabled people

Sport is an important supplement to the rehabilitation process and opens the way to improving the comfort and quality of life of people with disabilities. Sport not only accelerates regenerative, adaptive and compensatory processes, but also enables the creation of new social contacts, improves self-esteem and physical performance. The precursor to the dynamic development of disabled sports was Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who changed the perception of the sport of disabled people and placed it on a par with the sport of non-disabled people. Boccia is one of the paralympic disciplines that do not have their equivalent in the Olympic program. In 1992, during the Paralympics in Barcelona, boccia became a permanent Paralympic discipline and gave the opportunity to people with the greatest disabilities of the musculoskeletal system to participate in sports competitions. Boccia got to Poland in the early 90s thanks to a group of Swedish athletes from Malmo and at that time the first boccia trainings under the supervision of Witold Maciejewski, organized by Romuald Schmidt, started in Poland

Disabled people - rehabilitation with sport

Sport was used to complement  therapy in original form, improve of motor patterns and reeducate functions of people with disabilities. With a passing of time, sport evolved to integrated part of rehabilitation as an element of improvement. Moreover, he became as a tool to improve the social integration of people which finished the treatment or/and have deficits. We can notice the huge sport development of people with disabilities, which was initiated by Sir Ludwig Guttmann’s who claimed that view of sport is equal for people with disabilities and able-bodied people. The quality of physical activity of people with disabilities is indicated by motor preparation, training and sport (wellness, nutritionist, sport and exercise psychologist) which currently is all the same except individual approach to particular dysfunction of the person with disability. Sport allow to develop not only physical sphere, but also teaches social integration, teamwork skills, self-discipline, improves the quality of life and outcome of the  ADL scale (activities of daily living scale) of people with disabilities which do sport actively. The variety of sports disciplines and ability to use appropriate orthopedic stuff allows to activate people with every kind of disabilities and dysfunction

Disabled people - rehabilitation with sport

Sport was used to complement therapy in original form, improve of motor patterns and reeducate functions of people with disabilities. With a passing of time, sport evolved to integrated part of rehabilitation as an element of improvement. Moreover, he became as a tool to improve the social integration of people which finished the treatment or/and have deficits. We can notice the huge sport development of people with disabilities, which was initiated by Sir Ludwig Guttmann’s who claimed that view of sport is equal for people with disabilities and able-bodied people. The quality of physical activity of people with disabilities is indicated by motor preparation, training and sport (wellness, nutritionist, sport and exercise psychologist) which currently is all the same except individual approach to particular dysfunction of the person with disability. Sport allow to develop not only physical sphere, but also teaches social integration, teamwork skills, self-discipline, improves the quality of life and outcome of the ADL scale (activities of daily living scale) of people with disabilities which do sport actively. The variety of sports disciplines and ability to use ap propriate orthopedic stuff allows to activate people with every kindof disabilities and dysfunctio

The influence of Academic Sports Associations on the development of a sports career

Introduction: Young people who continue their education at universities do not have to give up their physical activity. The existence of Academic Sports Unions allows you to continue and develop your sporting career. A significant number of students regularly participating in AZS classes have a chance to develop their sporting career. The possibility of obtaining a sports scholarship is an additional motivation for students to pursue their own scientific and sporting goals. Sport through the process of self-improvement introduces a specific discipline to everyday life, teaches regularity, diligence and good organization of time.The aim of the study: 1) Did you start your education at a university by limiting or giving up sports?, 2) Do universities and AZS help develop a sports career? 3) Did the students of AZS influence the development of their sports career? Material and methods: 204 students participated in the study, an original questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was used. The questions concerned, among others: forms of physical activity and training experience, the impact of undertaking education at a university on the development of a sports career. Results and conclusions: Over 80% of respondents did not give up their sport before starting their studies. Over 50% of respondents believe that AZS and universities support the development of young athletes, giving the opportunity to get better and better results

Physical activity of pregnant and postpartum women

Introduction: One of the basic elements of a healthy lifestyle is regular physical activity. Nowadays, more and more women during pregnancy take up the topic of the impact of physical activity and diet on the child developing in the womb. The existence of birth schools allows you to prepare for delivery, obtain information on acceptable safe activity adapted to the health of the future mother and ways of rational nutrition. The silhouette of women during pregnancyis constantly changing. Literature often shows the subject of a decrease in self-esteem during this period, associated with hormonal changes, appearance, fatigue and limitation of time for self-development. In the literature, we find two different positions of women about the subject of physical activity during pregnancy. The first position speaks of virtually complete limitation of activity, the second is about taking minimal activity such as before pregnancy. The aim of the study: 1) What impact on physical well-being in pregnant women and postpartum is having, 2) Is there a relationship between physical activity and pregnancy? 3) Is there a relationship between physical activity and postpartum period?, 4) What is the most common motivation to undertake physical activity after delivery? Material and methods:57 women aged 18 to 47 participated in the study. The study used an original anonymous survey of 28 questions. The questions concerned, among others: pregnancy, postnatal period, physical activity during pregnancy and after delivery. Conclusions: Taking physical activity during pregnancy and after childbirth influences the increase of self-esteem and well-being of women. About 25% of women surveyed did not return to physical activity a year after delivery. The basic factors influencing the activity after childbirth are the desire to improve the appearance, well-being and return to fitness which they presented before delivery

Physical activity and pain

Introduction: Undertaking physical activity is often associated with the appearance of proverbial "sourdoughs". DOMS (Delayed Oneset Muscle Soreness), or delayed musculoskeletal muscle pain, known as the aforementioned "soreness", is a consequence of intense physical activity for microtraumas of muscle fibers. In physical medicine, there are many methods to reduce the pain or discomfort of DOMS, including cold baths, gel wraps, hot baths. The literature, however, can be found with reports about the high importance of pain after training in the life of people practicing sports, both professionally and amateur, because its occurrence gives a sense of well-performed training and its effectiveness. The aim of the study: 1) Do the pain after training treat as an integral part of the training?, 2) Are regular athletes striving to develop pain after training?, 3) Do regular sports people often use treatments to prevent "sourdough"?, Material and methods: 149 people participated in the study, including 91 women aged from 13 to 24 years (x = 17.1, SD = 3.7) and 58 men aged 18 to 27 years (x = 21.8; SD = 2 4). They were athletes from UKS Ósemka in Wejherowo and students of the Silesian Medical University in Katowice. An original survey containing 30 closed questions was used. The questions concerned the type of physical activity to be practiced, the pain associated with physical exertion, the time of training, and the prevention of sourdough. The statistical analysis consisted of the performance of descriptive statistics.Results:The analysis showed that the pain after the training, according to the respondents, is an integral part of the training. Regular sports practitioners tend to obtain muscular pain in training. The use of treatments preventing sourdough is not very common among the respondents

The influence of menstrual cycle on aerobic capacity

Introduction: Nowadays sociocultural changes that happen in highly developed countries increased the awareness of physical activity and healthy lifestyle. The social media have a significant influence on promoting the healthy lifestyle and motivating people to live fit. More and more women in their 20s take up physical activity to gain a beautiful body and feel healthy. Considering many hormones changes during the menstrual cycle, authors of many studies try to find direct link between the female menstrual cycle and aerobic capacity or general level of performance. The aims of the study: Does a phase of menstrual cycle affect physical capacity and reached submaximal level of heart rate? Does a phase of menstrual cycle affect aerobic capacity of the students? Does the subjective rate of physical capacity confirms in beep test result? Methods: 44 students of Medical University of Silesia took part in the study. Authorial questionnaire consisting of 13 questions was used to collect essential informations such as age, phase of the menstrual cycle, subjective rate of the aerobic capacity. Study group was measured with Beep test (a shuffle test used to assess aerobic performance, consisting of 21 levels that differ in the number of stages and the speed at which a distance of 20m should be covered in a given time). Before and after (1st and 5th minute) every run heart rate was measured with pulseoximeter. Results: Considering the beep test result sheets, the average of student's results shows rather poor performance. (1) So far, the studies haven't indicated any link between menstrual cycle and aerobic capacity (2) There is a relation between the frequency of training sessions and the aerobic capacity. Students that do an endurance training (in many forms) tend to have average/good beep test result