Pemberian Bahan Organic Soil Treatment dan Pupuk Kandang Kotoran Ayam Untuk Perubahan Beberapa sifat Fisik Ultisol

Research to determine the effect of OST ingredients and manure from chicken manure on the physical properties of Ultisol was carried out with a completely randomized design with factorial patterns. The experimental treatment consisted of giving OST, namely P0 = without OST, P1 = 5 g/pot, P2 = 10 g/pot combined with manure, B0 = without manure, B1 = 40 g/pot and B2 = 80 g/pot repeated 3 times. The results showed that bulk density, porosity, soil pore distribution and aggregate stability were affected by OST material, while manure only affected aerase pores, unavailable pore water and aggregate stability

Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip

Growing interest in quantum computing for practical applications has led to a surge in the availability of programmable machines for executing quantum algorithms. Present day photonic quantum computers have been limited either to non-deterministic operation, low photon numbers and rates, or fixed random gate sequences. Here we introduce a full-stack hardware-software system for executing many-photon quantum circuits using integrated nanophotonics: a programmable chip, operating at room temperature and interfaced with a fully automated control system. It enables remote users to execute quantum algorithms requiring up to eight modes of strongly squeezed vacuum initialized as two-mode squeezed states in single temporal modes, a fully general and programmable four-mode interferometer, and genuine photon number-resolving readout on all outputs. Multi-photon detection events with photon numbers and rates exceeding any previous quantum optical demonstration on a programmable device are made possible by strong squeezing and high sampling rates. We verify the non-classicality of the device output, and use the platform to carry out proof-of-principle demonstrations of three quantum algorithms: Gaussian boson sampling, molecular vibronic spectra, and graph similarity

A guide to the crystallographic analysis of icosahedral viruses

Determining the structure of an icosahedral virus crystal by X-ray diffraction follows very much the same course as conventional protein crystallography. The major differences arise from the relatively large sizes of the particles, which significantly affect the data collection process, data processing and management, and later, the refinement of a model. Most of the other differences are due to the high 5 3 2 point group symmetry of icosahedral viruses. This alters dramatically the means by which initial phases are obtained by molecular substitution, extended to higher resolution by electron density averaging and density modification, and the refinement of the structure in the light of high non-crystallographic symmetry. In this review, we attempt to lead the investigator through the various steps involved in solving the structure of a virus crystal. These steps include the purification of viruses, their crystallization, the recording of X-ray diffraction data, and its reduction to structure amplitudes. It further addresses the problems attending phase determination and ultimately the refinement of a model. Finally, we describe the unique properties of virus crystals and the factors that influence their physical and diffraction properties

The PENGARUH PAPARAN LASERPUNKTUR TERHADAP MOTILITAS DAN VIABILITAS SPERMA IKAN LELE (Clarias sp)

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemaparan laserpunktur terhadap motalitas dan viabilitas sperma ikan lele (Clarias sp) dengan frekuensi pemaparan berbeda dibandingkan dengan kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua perlakuan yaitu kontrol dan perlakuan laserpunktur dengan pemaparan laserpunktur pada induk lele dengan 3 kali ulangan, dengan power maksimum 5 mW dan panjang gelombang 63,8 nm, selama 15 detik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan presentase tertinggi motilitas 43 % dan viabilitas 89 % dengan frekuensi pemaparan laserpunktur satu minggu sekali dapat menyebabkan serangkaian reaksi yang meningkatkan motilitas dan viabilitas tertinggi sperma ikan lele (Clarias sp). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa frekuensi pemaparan laserpunktur satu kali seminggu dapat menghasilkan tingkat motilitas dan viabilitas sperma yang cukup baikPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemaparan laserpunktur terhadap motalitas dan viabilitas sperma ikan lele (Clarias sp) dengan frekuensi pemaparan berbeda dibandingkan dengan kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua perlakuan yaitu kontrol dan perlakuan laserpunktur dengan pemaparan laserpunktur pada induk lele dengan 3 kali ulangan, dengan power maksimum 5 mW dan panjang gelombang 63,8 nm, selama 15 detik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan presentase tertinggi motilitas 43 % dan viabilitas 89 % dengan frekuensi pemaparan laserpunktur satu minggu sekali dapat menyebabkan serangkaian reaksi yang meningkatkan motilitas dan viabilitas tertinggi sperma ikan lele (Clarias sp). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa frekuensi pemaparan laserpunktur satu kali seminggu dapat menghasilkan tingkat motilitas dan viabilitas sperma yang cukup bai

Reconfigurable magnetic domain wall pinning using vortex-generated magnetic fields

International audienceAlthough often important for domain wall device applications, reproducible fabrication of pinning sites at the nano-scale remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that the stray magnetic field generated beneath magnetic vortex cores can be used to generate localized pinning sites for magnetic domain walls in an underlying, perpendicularly magnetized nanostrip. Moreover, we show that the pinning strength can be tuned by switching the vortex core polarity: switching the core polarity so that it is aligned with the magnetization of the expanding domain (rather than against it) can reduce the vortex-mediated wall depinning field by between 40% and 90%, depending on the system geometry. Significant reductions in the depinning field are also demonstrated in narrow strips by shifting the core away from the strips' centers