Reforming Juvenile Justice Requires Innovating Equity in Education

As many as 85 percent of students in juvenile justice are said to have some type of learning disability (National Council on Disability, 2015). A root cause analysis of indicators across societal systems reveals a pattern or chain of events which lead to this contemptible outcome. A contemptible outcome that represents the detriment of millions of children and families used to feed a cycle that erode the emotional and mental wellbeing not only of individuals, but the societies in which they live; not only erodes emotional and mental wellbeing but stands as a hallmark for the devaluing of human life. A contemptible outcome that must be interrupted. Research and best practices are available to disrupt this alarming statistic and with it reduce the number of students ever becoming systems-involved with juvenile justice. Using a synthesis of research and review of best practices, this article identifies problems, offers insights and strategies for intervention, revealing a solution that could put an end to the school-to-prison pipeline

Efectos de la herbivoría de peces sobre las praderas marinas de Guang-guang, ciudad de Mati, Filipinas

This study provides information on the effects of fish grazing on a seagrass bed that was dominated by Thalassia hemprichii in Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental, Philippines. We tested the assumption that herbivore exclusion keeps the growth of seagrass shoots up to a minimum length. Fish visual census was used to count the abundance of fish in the area during high tide at a distance of 5 m away from the treatment cages with a 15 m transect length. Among all species, Siganus fuscescens was the most abundant (499) followed by S. guttatus (153), while Thalassoma jansenii was the less abundant (13). The result of the weekly fish count in the seagrass bed showed highly significant variations in the number and census of species present in the area (df = 11, MS = 2.88, F = 30.10, p < 0.001). Analysis of shoot length measurement in treatment cages also exhibited highly significant differences throughout the sampling period (df = 11, MS = 726.71, F = 1,633.10, p < 0.001). Comparison between initial and final shoot counts also showed significant differences, with a higher shoot count in the full cage (X2 = 8, df = 2, p = 0.018; FC > PC > OP). This study raises clear evidence to support the assumption that herbivore exclusion positively influences the growth of T. hemprichii in this area.Este estudio proporciona información sobre los efectos del forrajeo de peces en un lecho de pastos marinos dominado por Thalassia hemprichii en Guang-guang, Dahican, ciudad de Mati, Davao Oriental, Filipinas. Se probó la suposición de que la exclusión de herbívoros mantiene el crecimiento de los brotes de pastos marinos hasta una longitud mínima. Se utilizó el censo visual de peces para contar la abundancia de peces en el área durante la marea alta a una distancia de 5 m de las jaulas de tratamiento con una longitud de transectas de 15 m. Entre todas las especies, Siganus fuscescens fue la más abundante (499) seguida de S. guttatus (153), mientras que Thalassoma jansenii fue la menos abundante (13). El resultado del conteo semanal de peces en el lecho de fanerógamas marinas mostró variaciones altamente significativas en el número y censo de especies presentes en el área (df = 11, MS = 2,88, F = 30,10, p < 0.001). El análisis de la medición de la longitud de los brotes en las jaulas de tratamiento también mostró diferencias muy significativas a lo largo del período de muestreo (df = 11, MS = 726,71, F = 1.633,10, p < 0,001). La comparación entre el conteo de brotes inicial y final también mostró diferencias significativas, con un mayor conteo de brotes en la jaula completa (X2 = 8, df = 2, p = 0,018; FC > PC > OP). Este estudio presenta evidencia clara para apoyar la suposición de que la exclusión de herbívoros influye positivamente en el crecimiento de T. hemprichii en esta área

Sodium channel γENaC mediates IL-17 synergized high salt induced inflammatory stress in breast cancer cells

Chronic inflammation is known to play a critical role in the development of cancer. Recent evidence suggests that high salt in the tissue microenvironment induces chronic inflammatory milieu. In this report, using three breast cancer-related cell lines, we determined the molecular basis of the potential synergistic inflammatory effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) with interleukin-17 (IL-17). Combined treatment of high NaCl (0.15M) with sub-effective IL-17 (0.1nM) induced enhanced growth in breast cancer cells along with activation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen (RNS/ROS) species known to promote cancer. Similar effect was not observed with equi-molar mannitol. This enhanced of ROS/RNS activity correlates with upregulation of γENaC an inflammatory sodium channel. The similar culture conditions have also induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNFα etc. Taken together, these data suggest that high NaCl in the cellular microenvironment induces a γENaC mediated chronic inflammatory response with a potential pro-carcinogenic effect

Methylselenol producing selenocompounds enhance the efficiency of mammaglobin‑A peptide vaccination against breast cancer cells

Previous phase I DNA‑vaccine based clinical trials using Mammaglobin‑A (Mam‑A), a human breast tumor associated antigen (TAA), demonstrated that this agent was safe and efficient at treating patients with stage IV breast cancer. The long‑term success of cancer vaccines is limited by the diminished expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in the tumor microenvironment. The current study assessed the impact of various selenocompounds on the expression of HLA class I molecules in THP‑1 cells, an apparent proficient antigen that presents a human monocyte‑like cell line, and their eventual activation of MamA2.1 (HLA‑A2 immunodominant epitope of Mam‑A) specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs). The results revealed that, following treatment with methylselenol producing compounds [methylselenic acid (MSA) and dimethylselenide (DMDSe)], the expression of HLA class‑I was increased and components involved with the antigen presentation machinery of THP‑1 cells were upregulated. Furthermore, CTLs activated by MamA2.1 peptide presenting THP‑1 cells, pre‑treated with MSA and DMDSe, demonstrated an enhanced cytotoxicity in HLA‑A2+/Mam‑A+ AU565 and UACC‑812 breast cancer cell lines when compared with CTLs activated by THP‑1 cells without drug treatment. However, no significant cytotoxicity was observed under similar conditions in HLA‑A2+/Mam‑A‑ MCF‑7 and MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cell lines. The results indicated that treatment with methylselenol producing compounds retained antigen‑dependent activation of CD8+ T cells. The data of the current study demonstrated that MSA and DMDSe potentiated effector cytotoxic responses following TAA specific activation of CTLs, indicating their future role as vaccine adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy

ING116070: a study of the pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of dolutegravir in cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naive subjects.

BackgroundDolutegravir (DTG), a once-daily, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase inhibitor, was evaluated for distribution and antiviral activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).MethodsING116070 is an ongoing, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study in antiretroviral therapy-naive, HIV-1-infected adults. Subjects received DTG (50 mg) plus abacavir/lamivudine (600/300 mg) once daily. The CSF and plasma (total and unbound) DTG concentrations were measured at weeks 2 and 16. The HIV-1 RNA levels were measured in CSF at baseline and weeks 2 and 16 and in plasma at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16.ResultsThirteen white men enrolled in the study; 2 withdrew prematurely, 1 because of a non-drug-related serious adverse event (pharyngitis) and 1 because of lack of treatment efficacy. The median DTG concentrations in CSF were 18 ng/mL (range, 4-23 ng/mL) at week 2 and 13 ng/mL (4-18 ng/mL) at week 16. Ratios of DTG CSF to total plasma concentration were similar to the unbound fraction of DTG in plasma. Median changes from baseline in CSF (n = 11) and plasma (n = 12) HIV-1 RNA were -3.42 and -3.04 log10 copies/mL, respectively. Nine of 11 subjects (82%) had plasma and CSF HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/mL and 10 of 11 (91%) had CSF HIV-1 RNA levels <2 copies/mL at week 16.ConclusionsThe DTG concentrations in CSF were similar to unbound plasma concentrations and exceeded the in vitro 50% inhibitory concentration for wild-type HIV (0.2 ng/mL), suggesting that DTG achieves therapeutic concentrations in the central nervous system. The HIV-1 RNA reductions were similar in CSF and plasma. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01499199

LEVEL OF STRESS AND COPING MECHANISMS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN THE ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING

This research aimed to investigate the level of stress and coping mechanisms of the College of Education (CED) students at Notre Dame of Midsayap College (NDMC) in online distance learning. This study also aimed to determine if there is a significant difference in the level of stress of the respondents when grouped according to sex and age. A descriptive research design was undertaken to assess the respondents' level of stress and coping mechanisms. The data were subjected to appropriate statistical tools utilized in the study such as frequency count, percentage distribution, weighted mean, and one-way ANOVA.  Based on the major findings of the study, it can be concluded that students experience stress during their online distance learning brought upon by the COVID-19 pandemic. Bad internet connection, financial problems, disturbances in academic life, improper learning environment, tiredness, and irritation in performing their schoolwork are the significant causes of the stress of the students in dealing with their online distance learning. It was also found that they have different coping mechanisms in dealing with stress in their online distance learning. Such coping mechanisms were praying or meditating, creating a conducive learning environment, thinking positively, and playing online games. It was determined that male respondents experienced more stress in online distance learning than female respondents. It was also noted that younger respondents experience more stress than older respondents.  Article visualizations