Ultrazvučna procjena cirkumferencije fetalnog srca kao prediktor gestacijske dobi

Introduction: Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality, safe for both the mother and the fetus, which uses a high frequency sound to generate images of body tissues and organs. It has been widely used for fetal evaluation and dating. Purpose: To determine normative values of fetal heart circumference (FHC) as a predictor of the gestational age (GA) in black population and compare it to those of the Caucasian population. Material and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Nigeria. 324 women with a singleton pregnancy between 12-40 weeks, who conceived naturally, were scanned using a 2D ultrasound machine with a 3.5 MHz curvilinear probe. Two fetal heart diametersat right angle to each other were taken at the level of the four-heart chamber view, during diastole. Results: There is a strong positive linear correlation between the FHC and the GA (r2= 0.964, p<0.001). The equation of GA prediction is Y=0.246X + 5.06 (where y=GA, X=FHC). FHC weekly growth rate is 3.81mm. FHC is more accurate between 12-20 weeks GA and its accuracy decreases as the pregnancy progresses. There is a strong correlation between FHC and biparietal diameter (BPD) (r2=0.959), HC(r2=0.946) and FL (r2= 0.962). Conclusion: The study has derived a nomogram of FHC as a predictor of the GA in Nigerian population and has shown that the FHC is a good predictor of GA especially in the early second trimester. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the FHC in our study population (blacks) and those of the Caucasian population.Uvod: Ultrazvuk je neinvazivni način snimanja, siguran za majku i fetus, koji upotrebljava visokofrekventne zvučne valove za stvaranje slika tjelesnih tkiva i organa. Uvelike se primjenjuje za fetalnu procjenu i datiranje. Svrha: Utvrditi normativne vrijednosti cirkumferencije fetalnog srca (FHC) kao prediktora gestacijske dobi (GA) u populaciji crnaca i usporediti je s onom kod bijelaca. Materijali i metode: Prospektivna presječna studija provedena je u Sveučilišnoj bolnici Maiduguri u Nigerija. 324 žene s jednoplodnom trudnoćom između 12 i 40 tjedna trudnoće, koje su začele prirodnim putem, pregledane su s pomoću 2D ultrazvučnog aparata sa zakrivljenom sondom od 3,5 MHz. Snimljena su dva promjera fetalnog srca pod desnim kutom na razini prikaza četiriju srčanih komora tijekom dijastole. Rezultati: Postoji snažna pozitivna linearna korelacija između cirkumferencije fetalnog srca (engl. fetal heart circumference – FHC) i gestacijske dobi (engl. gestational age – GA) (r2 = 0,964, p < 0,001). Jednadžba za predviđanje gestacijske dobi jest Y = 0,246X + 5,06 (gdje je y = GA, X = FHC). Tjedna stopa rasta FHC-a iznosi 3,81 mm. FHC je točniji između 12 i 20 tjedna gestacije i njegova se točnost smanjuje kako trudnoća odmiče. Postoji jaka korelacija između FHC-a i biparijetalnog promjera (engl. biparietal diameter – BPD) (r2 = 0,959), HC (r2 = 0,946) i duljine bedrene kosti (engl. femoral length – FL) (r2 = 0,962) Zaključak: Studija je rezultirala izradom nomograma FHC-a kao prediktora gestacijske dobi u nigerijskoj populaciji i pokazala je da je FHC dobar prediktor gestacijske dobi, posebno u ranom drugom tromjesečju. Također, postojala je statistički značajna razlika između FHC-a u našoj istraživanoj populaciji (crnci) i populaciji bijelaca

Sonographic assessment of the portal vein diameter in apparently healthy adults in a Northern Nigerian population.

Background: Sonography is a valuable tool in the assessment of porto-systemic pathologies. This study aimed at determining the mean portal vein diameter based on age, gender and anthropometric variables. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted among 201 apparently healthy adults in Bauchi Metropolis. Participants were recruited from the school of nursing AbubakarTafawa Balewa Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH), Bauchi. Ultrasound machine ALOKA SSD-1000, (IP-1233EV, SN-57324, Japan) with curvilinear transducer with frequency of 3-5MHz was used for a period of four months, (December 2015 to April 2016). Participants\u2019 heights were measured while standing against a meter rule with the head in Frankfurts\u2019 position and weight measured using a weighing scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), and Pearson\u2019s Correlation were used. Results: The mean portal vein diameter was 9.60 \ub1 1.41mm for both sexes. The mean value for males was 9.71 \ub1 1.42mm, and 9.35\ub11.46mm among females. There was a positive correlation correlation between the PV diameter and Body Mass Index (P 64 0.01). Conclusion: This study found the mean values of PV diameter in apparently healthy adults in our environment to be 9.60 \ub1 1.41mm and that PV diameter positively correlates with anthropometric variables

Occupational Radiation Monitoring in Tertiary Health Institutions of Northwestern Nigeria

Title: Occupational radiation monitoring in tertiary health institutions of northwestern Nigeria Objective: To determine knowledge of occupational radiation monitoring and level of personnel radiation monitoring in some tertiary institutions in Northwestern Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey design was adopted for this study. It was carried out for a period of 4 months, from December 2014- March 2015. Questionnaires were distributed to radiologist, radiographers, darkroom technicians, and nurses who work in the radiology department of the selected hospitals in this study. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences version 16.0 where descriptive statistics was used for analysis. Result: A total of 68 questionnaires were distributed and 62 were returned, giving a response rate of 91.2%. There were 55 (88.7%) males and 7 (11.30%) females with age ranged from 20-49 years with a mean age of 24.5 years. There were 18 (19.00%) radiologist, 32 (51.60%) radiographers, 12 (19.40%) darkroom technicians and 0 (0.00%) nurses in the study. Conclusion: This study found an appreciable level of knowledge on occupational radiation monitoring among radio-diagnostic staff in northwestern Nigeria and there was an appreciable level of radiation monitoring in northwestern Nigeria, although much still need to be done on the practice of radiation protection