Incidência de reovírus em algumas cidades do Rio Grande do Sul

Three hundred and eleven human sera, obtained from residents in cities of Pelotas, Santiago and Uruguaiana, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were tested for haemagglutination inhibition antibodies against reovirus. Antibodies for reovirus type 1 were demonstrated in 58.5%, for reovirus type 2 in 50.5% and for reovirus type 3 in 85.5% of the sera tested.Amostras de soros humanos coletadas nas cidades de Pelotas, Santiago e Uruguaiana, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, foram testadas para anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação contra reovírus. Dos 311 soros estudados, 58,5% apresentaram anticorpos para reovírus tipo 1, 50,5% para o tipo 2 e 85,5% para reovírus tipo 3

Incidência de reovírus em algumas cidades do Rio Grande do Sul Incidence of haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against reovirus in some cities of State of Rio Grande do Sul

Amostras de soros humanos coletadas nas cidades de Pelotas, Santiago e Uruguaiana, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, foram testadas para anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação contra reovírus. Dos 311 soros estudados, 58,5% apresentaram anticorpos para reovírus tipo 1, 50,5% para o tipo 2 e 85,5% para reovírus tipo 3.<br>Three hundred and eleven human sera, obtained from residents in cities of Pelotas, Santiago and Uruguaiana, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were tested for haemagglutination inhibition antibodies against reovirus. Antibodies for reovirus type 1 were demonstrated in 58.5%, for reovirus type 2 in 50.5% and for reovirus type 3 in 85.5% of the sera tested

Tuberculosis: a study of 111 cases in an area of high prevalence in the extreme south of Brazil

Tuberculosis is an increasingly important public health problem in developing countries. We studied 111 tuberculosis patients confirmed by mycobacteria isolation between 1998 and 2000 in Rio Grande, in south Brazil. One-hundred-thirteen pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical materials were examined through culture by the Ogawa-Kudoh method and through smear examination by the Ziehl-Nielsen or Kinyoun methods. The identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was done through the usual phenotypical methods. The proportion method (indirect technique) was used to determine the resistance of isolates. The man/woman ratio was 2.6:1, 75% were white, and the group had a mean age of 39.7±12.7. Risk factors were present in 38.7% (34 men and 9 women, p=0.2), with a mean age of 35 (p=0.002); infection by HIV was the most frequent (28.8%), followed by alcoholism (16.2%) and injected drug use (15.3%). The frequency of M. tuberculosis isolates was 99.1%. Pulmonary disease occurred in 88.3% of the cases, extrapulmonary in 9.9% and 1.8% in both. There was an association between extrapulmonary tuberculosis and the presence of risk factors (p=0.0001). Resistance to isoniazid was found in 4% of the isolates and to isoniazid and rifampin in 2%, all being patients with some risk factors. The profile of tuberculosis in the population of this study followed the pattern described for developing regions of the world

Microcolony detection in thin layer culture as an alternative method for rapid detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples

Tuberculosis remains one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. The early detection of new cases is an important goal in the program of tuberculosis control. Several methodologies for rapid and accurate laboratorial diagnosis have been developed, however, some of these techniques are expensive or cumbersome, making their implementation in low-income regions unfeasible. In this study, the thin layer culture method was compared with conventional culture method and it was observed that it provides earlier results and a presumptive species identification, being adequate alternative method for rapid laboratory diagnosis.A tuberculose permanece como uma das principais causas de mortalidade em todo o mundo. A detecção precoce dos casos novos é um importante ponto nos programas de controle da tuberculose. Diversas metodologias para um rápido e acurado diagnóstico laboratorial tem sido desenvolvidas, entretanto, algumas destas técnicas são de alto custo ou de difícil execução, tornando inexeqüível sua implementação em locais com poucos recursos. Neste trabalho o método de cultivo em camada delgada foi comparado ao método de cultivo convencional verificando-se apresenta resultados positivos em menor tempo com uma identificação presuntiva da espécie de micobactéria, sendo assim um método alternativo adequado para o diagnóstico laboratorial rápido

Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a region of Brazil with high incidence of tuberculosis

One hundred and seventy Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates were characterized by spoligotyping to evaluate the biodiversity of tubercle bacilli in a region of Brazil with a high incidence of tuberculosis (Pelotas and Rio Grande cities – Rio Grande do Sul State). The spoligotyping results were compared to the World Spoligotyping Database (Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe), which contains data from> 14,000 worldwide isolates of M. tuberculosis. The isolates clustered by spoligotyping were further characterized by IS6110-RFLP to confirm the clonal relationship. Sixty-six different spoligotypes were identified, grouping 125 of the isolates (74%). Approximately half of the isolates belonged to seven of the most frequently occurring spoligotypes in the database. Three shared types (with two or more isolates) not previously identified were given the type numbers 826, 827 and 863. An additional 45 spoligotypes were identified that did not match any existing database pattern. RFLP characterization reduced the number of isolates in most of the clusters, thereby showing a higher differentiation capacity than spoligotyping. These results highlight the importance of molecular epidemiology studies of tuberculosis in insufficiently studied regions with a high TB burden, in order to uncover the true extent of genetic diversity of the pathogen

Tuberculose associada à AIDS: características demográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais de pacientes atendidos em um serviço de referência do sul do do Brasil

Introdução: A sinergia entre a tuberculose e o vírus da imunodeficiência humana é responsável pelo aumento da morbi-mortalidade dos pacientes com AIDS.Objetivo: Delinear o perfil de pacientes com tuberculose e AIDS na cidade de Rio Grande (RS) relacionando dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais. Método: A amostra foi constituída por todos os casos de tuberculose confirmados pelo isolamento de Mycobacterium tuberculosis ocorridos no Serviço de AIDS do Hospital Universitário/FURG entre setembro de 1997 e dezembro de 2000, em 31 pacientes reportados como casos definidos de AIDS. Foram examinados 33 materiais clínicos pulmonares e extrapulmonares através da cultura pelo método de Ogawa-Kudoh e da baciloscopia pelo Kinyoun. A identificação de M. tuberculosis foi feita pelos métodos fenotípicos usuais. Para determinação da resistência das cepas isoladas foi empregado o método das proporções.Resultados: A média de idade foi de 33,8 ± 9,9 anos, com uma relação homem/mulher de 2,87:1. Eram brancos 80,7% dos pacientes. Todos os pacientes apresentavam manifestações clínicas gerais e/ou específicas de tuberculose no momento da suspeita diagnóstica. Em 20 deles foram constatados fatores de risco: uso de droga endovenosa,alcoolismo, desnutrição, encarceramento. A doença pulmonar ocorreu em 19 casos, a extrapulmonar em 10 e a associada em 2 deles. Entre aqueles com a forma extrapulmonar,predominou o comprometimento ganglionar. As 33 cepas isoladas foram identificadas como M. tuberculosis, e 28 mostraram sensibilidade à isoniazida e à rifampicina.Conclusão: A tuberculose nos pacientes com AIDS apresentou-se com manifestações clínicas variáveis, comprometendo homens e mulheres em condições sociais desfavoráveis, em plena fase produtiva de suas vidas.Background: Synergism between tuberculosis and HIV is responsible for the increased morbidity-mortality rate in AIDS patients.Objective: To delineate the profile of patients with tuberculosis and AIDS in the city of Rio Grande by relating demographic, clinical and laboratory data.Method: The sample comprised all cases of tuberculosis defined by identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that occurred in the AIDS Service of the University Hospital/FURG between September, 1997 and December, 2000, which added to a total of 31 patients confirmed as definite cases of AIDS. Using the Ogawa-Kudoh culture method and the Kinyoun bacilloscopy, 33 clinical pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens were analyzed. Identification of M. tuberculosis was made by the usual phenotype methods. The method of proportions was chosen to establish resistance of isolated strains.Results: The mean age was of 33.8±9.9 years, with a man/ woman ratio of 2.87:1 and 80.7% of Caucasians. All patients(n=31) exhibited overall or specific clinical manifestations of turberculosis at the time of suspicion diagnosis. In 20 of the cases risk factors were observed: use of injected drugs, alcoholism, malnutrition, imprisonment. Pulmonary disease occurred in 19 cases, extrapulmonary in 10 and the association of both in two. Lymph node commitment was more frequent among those with extrapulmonary disease.The isolated strains (33) were identified as M. tuberculosis and 28 were tested and showed sensibility to Isoniazid and Rifampin.Conclusion: In AIDS patients, tuberculosis appeared with various clinical manifestations, jeopardizing both men and women of less favored social conditions while at a fully productive stage of their lives