Estudo comparativo entre misoprostol e placebo para o amadurecimento cervical e indução do parto A randomized trial of misoprostol and placebo for cervical ripening and induction of labor

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia e segurança da aplicação intravaginal de misoprostol para amadurecimento cervical e indução do parto em gravidez a termo quando comparado com placebo.Pacientes e Métodos: cinqüenta e uma mulheres com gestação de alto risco, a termo, e cérvix imatura foram alocadas em estudo duplo cego para aplicação de misoprostol intravaginal (40 mg de 4/4 h) ou placebo intravaginal (4/4 h). Resultados: entre as 51 pacientes estudadas, 32 receberam misoprostol e 19 receberam placebo. Os grupos foram homogêneos quanto à idade materna, idade gestacional, paridade e indicação para indução (p > 0,05). No grupo Misoprostol observamos 87,5% de eficácia e no grupo placebo 21,1% de eficácia (p=0,0000087). Em relação à via de parto, no grupo Misoprostol 75% dos partos foram vaginais e 25% cesáreos, Já no grupo placebo, apenas 32% foram partos vaginais e 68% cesáreos (p = 0,0059). O Apgar neonatal foi semelhante em ambos grupos. Conclusão: misoprostol se apresentou extremamente eficaz e seguro no amadurecimento cervical e indução do parto, surgindo como nova opção em obstetrícia em gestações de alto risco, a termo, com cérvix imatura e com necessidade de resolução do parto a curto prazo.<br>Objective: to determine the efficacy and safety of misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labor in pregnant women at term when compared with placebo. Patients and Methods: fifty-one high-risk pregnant women at term, with unripe cervix, were allocated in a double-blind trial for treatment with intravaginal misoprostol (40 mg, 4/4 h) or intravaginal placebo. Results: thirty-two patients received misoprostol and 19 received placebo. The groups were homogeneous concerning maternal age, gestacional age, parity, and indication for induction (p > 0.05). In the misoprostol group the efficacy was 87.5% and in the placebo group 21.1% (p = 0.0000087). Regarding delivery, in the misoprostol group 75% had vaginal delivery and 25% abdominal delivery, and in the placebo group only 32% had vaginal delivery and 68% abdominal delivery (p = 0.0059).The Apgar score was similar. Conclusion: in this study misoprostol was effective and safe for cervical ripening and induction of labor

Antibioticoterapia profilática em obstetrícia: comparação entre esquemas

Objetivos: avaliar a eficiência de vários esquemas de antibioterapia profilática no parto na prevenção da infecção puerperal. Métodos: segundo a via de parto (vaginal ou abdominal) e conforme a presença ou não de um ou mais fatores de risco para infecção puerperal, as pacientes foram distribuídas entre os grupos de baixo, médio e alto risco para a infecção puerperal. Foram incluídas 2.263 pacientes no período de março de 1994 a junho de 1997. Resultados: a incidência de infecção puerperal variou entre os grupos. Foi de 3,1% no grupo de baixo risco, em que nenhum antibiótico foi administrado e de 8, 5% no grupo de alto risco, no qual todas as pacientes receberam cefalotina 1 g EV em três doses, com intervalo de seis horas entre as doses. No grupo de médio risco a taxa de infecção puerperal foi de 5,3 % entre as pacientes que receberam cefoxitina 1 g EV em três doses; 5,0% entre as usuárias de cefalotina 1 g EV em três doses; 4,0% quando se utilizou a cefoxitina em dose única e 3,4% quando utilizou-se cefalotina em dose única. Conclusões: no grupo de baixo risco é desnecessária a antibioticoterapia profilática. A cefalosporina de 2&ordf;geração (cefoxitina) teve eficácia semelhante a de 1&ordf;geração (cefalotina) na prevenção a infecção puerperal, independente da posologia utilizada. A cefalotina parece ser eficaz na prevenção da infecção puerperal no grupo de alto risco

Clinical Prediction of Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis before Surgery: Is It Feasible? A Review of the Literature

Background. Endometriosis is a chronic benign gynecologic disease that can cause pelvic pain and infertility affecting almost 10% of reproductive-age women. Deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is a specific entity responsible for painful symptoms which are related to the anatomic location of the lesions. Definitive diagnosis requires surgery, and histological confirmation is advisable. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature regarding the possibility of diagnosing DIE accurately before surgery. Despite its low sensitivity and specificity, vaginal examination and evaluation of specific symptoms should not be completely omitted as a basic diagnostic tool in detecting endometriosis and planning further therapeutic interventions. Recently, transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) has been reported as an excellent tool to diagnose DIE lesions in different locations (rectovaginal septum, retrocervical and paracervical areas, rectum and sigmoid, and vesical wall) with good accuracy. Conclusion. There are neither sufficiently sensitive and specific signs and symptoms nor diagnostic tests for the clinical diagnosis of DIE, resulting in a great delay between onset of symptoms and diagnosis. Digital examination, in addition to TVS, may help to gain better understanding of the anatomical extent and dimension of DIE which is of crucial importance in defining the best surgical approach

Intestinal Perforation due to Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis during Pregnancy: Case Report

<div><p>Abstract We report the case of a 33 year-old woman who complained of severe dysmenorrhea since menarche. From 2003 to 2009, she underwent 4 laparoscopies for the treatment of pain associated with endometriosis. After all four interventions, the pain recurred despite the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues and the insertion of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). Finally, a colonoscopy performed in 2010 revealed rectosigmoid stenosis probably due to extrinsic compression. The patient was advised to get pregnant before treating the intestinal lesion. Spontaneous pregnancy occurred soon after LNG-IUS removal in 2011. In the 33rd week of pregnancy, the patient started to feel severe abdominal pain. No fever or sings of pelviperitonitis were present, but as the pain worsened, a cesarean section was performed, with the delivery of a premature healthy male, and an intestinal rupturewas identified. Severe peritoneal infection and sepsis ensued. A colostomy was performed, and the patient recovered after eight days in intensive care. Three months later, the colostomy was closed, and a new LNG-IUS was inserted. The patient then came to be treated by our multidisciplinary endometriosis team. The diagnostic evaluation revealed the presence of intestinal lesions with extrinsic compression of the rectum. She then underwent a laparoscopic excision of the endometriotic lesions, including an ovarian endometrioma, adhesiolysis and segmental colectomy in 2014. She is now fully recovered and planning a new pregnancy. A transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) performed six months after surgery showed signs of pelvic adhesions, but no endometriotic lesions.</p></div

Tratamento laparoscópico de 98 pacientes com endometriose intestinal Laparoscopic treatment of 98 women with bowel endometriosis

OBJETIVO: Identificar os tipos de tratamento cirúrgico e a morbidade operatória na endometriose intestinal. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes operadas no Biocor Instituto (Belo Horizonte, MG) por uma equipe multidisciplinar para tratamento de endometriose no período de janeiro de 2002 a junho de 2009. RESULTADO: Noventa e oito pacientes foram submetidas aos seguintes procedimentos para tratamento da endometriose intestinal: ressecção segmentar do reto (n 46; 45,5%), ressecção em disco (n 25; 24,7%), "shaving" (n 18; 17,8%), apendicectomia (n 5; 5%), liberação de aderências sem ressecção (n 5; 5%), ressecção segmentar do sigmóide (n 1; 1%) e ressecção segmentar do colo direito (n 1, 1%). A cirurgia concomitante mais freqüente foi a ressecção de endometriomas ovarianos (n 45). A morbidade operatória foi de 9,2%, sendo as complicações maiores uma fístula retovaginal (1%) e uma deiscência de anastomose (1%). Quarenta e duas pacientes tiveram seguimento médio de 14 meses com recidiva clínica em 8 casos (dor pélvica e dispareunia) e 4 recidivas de imagem à ultrassonografia em parede intestinal, assintomáticas. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento da endometriose por laparoscopia é factível e seguro, com baixos índices de recidiva.<br>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the types of surgical procedures performed and the operative morbidity in women with bowel endometriosis. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of surgical records of women who underwent surgical treatment of endometriosis by a mutidisciplinar team at Biocor Instituto (Belo Horizonte, MG) from January 2002 to June 2009. RESULTS: Ninety-eight women underwent surgical treatment of bowel endometriosis during the study period. The following surgical procedures were performed: segmetnal rectal resection (n 46; 45,5%), intestinal disc excision (n 25; 24,7%), "shaving" (n 18; 17,8%), appendectomy (n 5; 5%), adhesiolysis without intestinal resection (n 5; 5%), segmental sigmoidectomy (n 1; 1%) e segmental right colon resection (n 1, 1%). The most frequent concomitant surgery performed was the removal of ovarian endometriomas (n 45). Operative morbity was observed in 9.2% and major complications were rectovaginal fistula (1%) and anastomosis dehiscence (1%). After a mean followup of 14 months that included 42 patients , recurrence of clinical symptoms (pelvic pain and dyspareunia) was observed in 8 cases as well as 4 cases of asymptomatic intestinal wall endometriosis recurrence which was identified by ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic treatment of bowel endometriosis is feasible, safe and presents a low recurrence rate