Oxidized flavors in strawberry ice cream

At the time this project was initiated only a small amount of material had been published concerning this defect and even that was subject to considerable controversy. That the defect under consideration is important has been emphasized by other workers and needs no reiteration here. It was the opinion of the authors that the study should be made with ice cream manufactured in a commercial manner and from commercial products. This was done wherever possible. The objectives of the project were to attempt to determine which single factor or group of the following possible factors-oxidases in the fruit, copper and iron in the mix, strawberries and types of added solids - was responsible for the occurrence of the defect. It was likewise considered advisable to see whether or not such changes as occur in the fat, if the defect were a fat oxidation, were sufficient to cause detectable variations in the iodine, acetyl and Reichert- Meissl numbers of the fat of the ice cream

Nutrition and its role in human evolution

Peer reviewedPostprin

String-localized Quantum Fields and Modular Localization

We study free, covariant, quantum (Bose) fields that are associated with irreducible representations of the Poincar\'e group and localized in semi-infinite strings extending to spacelike infinity. Among these are fields that generate the irreducible representations of mass zero and infinite spin that are known to be incompatible with point-like localized fields. For the massive representation and the massless representations of finite helicity, all string-localized free fields can be written as an integral, along the string, of point-localized tensor or spinor fields. As a special case we discuss the string-localized vector fields associated with the point-like electromagnetic field and their relation to the axial gauge condition in the usual setting.Comment: minor correction

Measurement of the Spectral Shape of the beta-decay of 137Xe to the Ground State of 137Cs in EXO-200 and Comparison with Theory

We report on a comparison between the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured spectra of the first-forbidden non-unique $\beta$-decay transition ^{137}\textrm{Xe}(7/2^-)\to\,^{137}\textrm{Cs}(7/2^+). The experimental data were acquired by the EXO-200 experiment during a deployment of an AmBe neutron source. The ultra-low background environment of EXO-200, together with dedicated source deployment and analysis procedures, allowed for collection of a pure sample of the decays, with an estimated signal-to-background ratio of more than 99-to-1 in the energy range from 1075 to 4175 keV. In addition to providing a rare and accurate measurement of the first-forbidden non-unique $\beta$-decay shape, this work constitutes a novel test of the calculated electron spectral shapes in the context of the reactor antineutrino anomaly and spectral bump.Comment: Version as accepted by PR

Deep Neural Networks for Energy and Position Reconstruction in EXO-200

We apply deep neural networks (DNN) to data from the EXO-200 experiment. In the studied cases, the DNN is able to reconstruct the relevant parameters - total energy and position - directly from raw digitized waveforms, with minimal exceptions. For the first time, the developed algorithms are evaluated on real detector calibration data. The accuracy of reconstruction either reaches or exceeds what was achieved by the conventional approaches developed by EXO-200 over the course of the experiment. Most existing DNN approaches to event reconstruction and classification in particle physics are trained on Monte Carlo simulated events. Such algorithms are inherently limited by the accuracy of the simulation. We describe a unique approach that, in an experiment such as EXO-200, allows to successfully perform certain reconstruction and analysis tasks by training the network on waveforms from experimental data, either reducing or eliminating the reliance on the Monte Carlo.Comment: Accepted version. 33 pages, 28 figure

Serum Neurofilament Light Is Elevated Differentially in Older Adults with Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries

Neurofilament light (NF-L) might have diagnostic and prognostic potential as a blood biomarker for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, elevated NF-L is associated with several neurological disorders associated with older age, which could confound its usefulness as a traumatic brain injury biomarker. We examined whether NF-L is elevated differentially following uncomplicated mTBI in older adults with pre-injury neurological disorders. In a case-control study, a sample of 118 adults (mean age = 62.3 years, standard deviation [SD] = 22.5, range = 18-100; 52.5% women) presenting to the emergency department (ED) with an uncomplicated mTBI were enrolled. All participants underwent head computed tomography in the ED and showed no macroscopic evidence of injury. The mean time between injury and blood sampling was 8.3 h (median [Md] = 3.5; SD = 13.5; interquartile range [IQR] = 1.9-6.0, range = 0.8-67.4, and 90% collected within 19 h). A sample of 40 orthopedically-injured trauma control subjects recruited from a second ED also were examined. Serum NF-L levels were measured and analyzed using Human Neurology 4-Plex A assay on a HD-1 Single Molecule Array (Simoa) instrument. A high correlation was found between age and NF-L levels in the total mTBI sample (r = 0.80), within the subgroups without pre-injury neurological diseases (r = 0.76) and with pre-injury neurological diseases (r = 0.68), and in the trauma control subjects (r = 0.76). Those with mTBIs and pre-injury neurological conditions had higher NF-L levels than those with no pre-injury neurological conditions (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.01). Older age and pre-injury neurological diseases are associated with elevated serum NF-L levels in patients with head trauma and in orthopedically-injured control subjects

Work-Unit Absenteeism: Effects of Satisfaction, Commitment, Labor Market Conditions, and Time

Prior research is limited in explaining absenteeism at the unit level and over time. We developed and tested a model of unit-level absenteeism using five waves of data collected over six years from 115 work units in a large state agency. Unit-level job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and local unemployment were modeled as time-varying predictors of absenteeism. Shared satisfaction and commitment interacted in predicting absenteeism but were not related to the rate of change in absenteeism over time. Unit-level satisfaction and commitment were more strongly related to absenteeism when units were located in areas with plentiful job alternatives

Triature Doppler Velocimeter

Author Institution: Los Alamos National LaboratoryAuthor Institution: National Security Technologies, LLCSlides presented at the 2nd Annual Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) Workshop held at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, August 16-17, 2007

Skin cancers in albinos in a teaching Hospital in eastern Nigeria - presentation and challenges of care

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by lack of skin pigmentation. It has a worldwide distribution but is commoner in areas close to the equator like Nigeria. Skin cancers are a major risk associated with albinism and are thought to be a major cause of death in African albinos. Challenges faced in the care of these patients need to be highlighted in order to develop a holistic management approach with a significant public health impact. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of skin cancers seen in Albinos, and to highlight problems encountered in their management.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Case records of albinos managed in Imo state University teaching Hospital from June 2007 to May 2009 were reviewed. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p> <p>Results and discussion</p> <p>In the period under review, albinos accounted for 67% of patients managed for primary skin cancers. There were twenty patients with thirty eight (38) lesions. Sixty one percent of the patients were below 40 years. Average duration of symptoms at presentation was 26 months. The commonest reason for late presentation was the lack of funds. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histologic variant. Most patients were unable to complete treatment due to lack of funds.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Albinism appears to be the most important risk factor in the development of skin cancers in our environment. Late presentation and poor rate of completion of treatment due to poverty are major challenges.</p