Ефект на Acorus calamus L. екстракт върху растежа и кръвните параметри на обикновен шаран (Cyprinus carpio L.), отглеждан в рециркулационна система

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the sweet flag (A. calamus L.) extract addition of growth performance, haematological (white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and biochemical (glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, ASAT, ALAT, Ca, P, Mg, triglycerides, cholesterol) blood parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) cultivated in recirculation system. Carps were randomly selected and distributed into four concrete tanks for the growth trial (8 fish/tank). Fish were divided into experimental (E) and control groups (C), each of them with two replicates and mean initial weight 908.5±171.2 g and 913.8±147.4 g, respectively. They were fed with pelleted carp feed with 25% crude protein, produced by the "Top mix" company, having a granule size of 6 mm. To the fish feed on the experimental group (E) was added 1% aqueous extract of A. calamus root, as well as oiling the pellets with 5 mL of sunflower oil for every 100 g of feed. Carps from control group (C) were fed with feed only greased with the same amount of sunflower oil. The daily ration that the studied fish received was 1.8% of their live weight. The duration of the trial period was 45 days. At the end of the experiment with 5.2% was measured a higher average live weight in the fish receiving the sweet flag supplement compare to the value of this parameter of carps from control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P0.05).Better blood biochemical and haematological parameters were measured in carp fed with sweet flag supplement.Целта на това проучване е да се определи ефектът от добавянето на екстракт от блатен аир (A. calamus L) върху растежа, хематологични (бели кръвни клетки, червени кръвни клетки, хемоглобин, хематокрит) и биохимични (глюкоза, урея, креатинин, общ протеин, албумин, ASAT, ALAT, Ca, P, Mg, триглицериди, холестерол) кръвни параметри на обикновен шаран (Cyprinus carpio L.), отглеждан в рециркулационна система. Рибите се разделят на експериментални (Е) и контролни групи (С), всяка от тях с две повторения и средно тегло 908.5 ± 171.2 g и 913.8 ± 147.4 g, съответно. Те са хранени с гранулиран фураж за шарани с 25% суров протеин, произведен от фирма "Top mix", с размер на гранулите 6 mm. Към храната за рибите от експерименталната група (Е) се прибавя 1% воден екстракт от корен на A. calamus, както и омасляване на пелетите с 5 мл слънчогледово масло на всеки 100 г фураж. Шараните от контролната група (С) са хранени с фураж, само омаслен със същото количество слънчогледово масло. Дневната дажба на изследваната риба е 1.8% от тяхното живо тегло. Продължителността на експерименталния период е 45 дни. В края на експеримента с 5.2% се измерва по-високо средно живо тегло на рибата, получаваща добавката с блатен аир, в сравнение със стойността на този параметър за шараните от контролната група, като разликите са статистически значими (Р0,05). По-високи биохимични и хематологични параметри на кръвта са измерени при шараните, хранени с добавка на блатен аир

Култивиране на маруля (Lactuca sativa L.) и дъгова пъстърва (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) в аквапонна рециркулационна система

Aquaponics is combined growing fish and plants in a recalculating system. Therefore, it is very important to achieve optimal conditions for their cultivation. The purpose of this study was to trace the influence of the water used by the cultivated fish on the biomass of the lettuce in the aquaponic system. In this connection, two types of hydroponic sections were built and integrated into an existing recirculation aquaculture system. The hydrochemical parameters were measured during the trial. The duration of experiment was 60 days. Forty specimens from the fish species rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with an average weight of 13.4 g in good health condition were growing of the each of tanks of the aquaponic system. Sixteen lettuce seedlings were planted on the hydroponic section filled with light weight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) and the other sixteen plants were planted on the floating raft hydroponic section. At the end of the trial the fresh weight of the lettuce plants was measured. The productivity of lettuce plants is highly dependent on the type of plant growing medium and the fish biomass. A better removal capacity in ammonium, nitrate and ortho-phosphate were observed in the LECA section compared with the cleaning capacity in the raft section as a part of experimental aquaponics system.Аквапониката е комбинирано отглеждане на риби и растения в рециркулационна система. Ето защо е много важно да се постигнат оптимални условия за тяхното отглеждане. Целта на това изследване е да се проследи влиянието на водата, използвана от култивирането на рибата върху биомасата на марулята в аквапонната система. В тази връзка бяха изградени и интегрирани два типа хидропонни секции в съществуващата рециркулационна система. Хидрохимичните параметри бяха измерени по време на опита. Продължителността на експеримента беше 60 дни. Четиридесет риби от дъгова пъстърва (Oncorhynchus mykiss) със средно тегло от 13.4 грама в добро здравословно състояние бяха отглеждани във всяка вана от аквапонната рециркулационна система. Шестнадесет марули бяха поставени в хидропонната секция пълна с лек експандиран глинен агрегат (LECA), а други шестнадесет растения бяха засадени на плаващия хидропонен участък. В края на изпитването беше измерено свежото тегло на марулята. Продуктивността на марулята е силно зависима от типа на хранителната среда и от биомасата на рибите. По-добър капацитет на отстраняване на амония, нитратите и фосфатите се наблюдава в LECA секцията в сравнение с капацитета на почистване в плаващата секцията, като част от експерименталната аквапонна система

Treatment of wastewater originating from aquaculture and biomass production in laboratory algae bioreactor using different carbon sources

The aim of present study was to explore the effect of different carbon sources on biomass accumulation in microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii and their ability to remove N and P compounds during their cultivation in aquaculture wastewater. Microalgae cultivation was performed in laboratory bioreactor consisted from 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, containing 250 mL wastewater from semi closed recirculation aquaculture system. The cultures were maintained at room temperature (25-27ºC) on a fluorescent light with a light: dark photoperiod of 15 h: 9 h. The microalgae species were cultivated in wastewater with different carbon sources: glucose, lactose and saccharose. The growth of strains was checked for 96 h period. In the present study, N. oculata and T. chuii showed better growth in wastewater from aquaculture with saccharose carbon source during the experiment. The most effective reduce of nitrate and total nitrogen was proved in N. oculata cultivated in wastewater with glucose as carbon source. T. chuii cultivated in wastewater containing glucose showed 8.27% better cleaning effect in ammonium compared with N. oculata. T. chuii grew in wastewater with glucose as carbon source showed 19.5% better removal effect in phosphate compared with N. oculata strain

Treatment of wastewater originating from aquaculture and biomass production in laboratory algae bioreactor using different carbon sources

The aim of present study was to explore the effect of different carbon sources on biomass accumulation in microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii and their ability to remove N and P compounds during their cultivation in aquaculture wastewater. Microalgae cultivation was performed in laboratory bioreactor consisted from 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, containing 250 mL wastewater from semi closed recirculation aquaculture system. The cultures were maintained at room temperature (25-27ºC) on a fluorescent light with a light: dark photoperiod of 15 h: 9 h. The microalgae species were cultivated in wastewater with different carbon sources: glucose, lactose and saccharose. The growth of strains was checked for 96 h period. In the present study, N. oculata and T. chuii showed better growth in wastewater from aquaculture with saccharose carbon source during the experiment. The most effective reduce of nitrate and total nitrogen was proved in N. oculata cultivated in wastewater with glucose as carbon source. T. chuii cultivated in wastewater containing glucose showed 8.27% better cleaning effect in ammonium compared with N. oculata. T. chuii grew in wastewater with glucose as carbon source showed 19.5% better removal effect in phosphate compared with N. oculata strain

Un nouveau faciès lamellaire du début du Paléolithique supérieur dans les Balkans

Après Bacho Kiro et Temnata, la grotte de Kozarnika est la troisième grande séquence pléistocène récemment établie dans la région de l‘est des Balkans. La fouille, menée dans le cadre d’une coopération entre l’Académie bulgare des sciences – Institut d’Archéologie à Sofia et UMR 5199 du CNRS, PACEA - Université Bordeaux 1, a permis la découverte d’une séquence, datant du Paléolithique inférieur (non Acheuléen), Paléolithique moyen (Moustérien - Levallois) et du Paléolithique supérieur, daté entre 39 et 11 Ka BP (Guadelli et al. 2005). Le niveau VII, localisé à la base du Paléolithique supérieur, daté entre 39 et 36 Ka BP a livré une industrie lithique à débitage et outillage lamellaire, inédite à l’échelle régionale. Cet outillage est composé de pièces à dos et à retouche fine, abrupte, et semi-abrupte, parfois bilatérale directe appointant ou alterne. Dénommée “ Kozarnikien ” en attente d’études plus complètes, cette industrie présente des analogies dans la composante lamellaire tant avec l’Ahmarien ancien du Levant qu’avec certains ensembles de proto-Aurignacien au sud de l’Europe. En l’absence d’autres éléments caractéristiques de l’Aurignacien typique, cette industrie montre des tendances technologiques et typologiques dont on trouve la continuité dans les niveaux sus-jacents gravettiens de la séquence. Le Kozarnikien peut donc représenter une étape précoce de formation de technocomplexe lamellaire à pièces à dos. Le Kozarnikien suggère aussi qu’on ne peut plus soutenir le rôle exclusif de l’Aurignacien dans le passage du moustérien européen au Paléolithique supérieur. Il devient de plus en plus évident qu’au tout début de cette transformation, ont été engagées des traditions culturelles différentes et précédant l’Aurignacien.With Bacho Kiro and Temnata, Kozranika cave is the third major pleistocene sequence recently investigated in the Eastern Balkans. Excavations, conducted in collaboration of the Bulgarian Academy of sciences-National Institute of Archaeology at Sofia and the University of Bordeaux 1- Institute of Prehistory and Quaternary Geology –CNRS, PACEA, UMR 5199, revealed a sequence starting with non-Acheulean Lower Palaeolithic (LP), Levaloisian Moustérian Middle Palaeolithic (MP) and Upper Palaeolithic(UP) dated between 39 Ky BP and 11 Ky BP (Guadelli et al. 2005). Level VII, at the base of the UP (39-36 Ky BP) contains an assemblage locally unknown, characterized by a bladelet technology and tools made on bladelets: regular backed pieces and bladelets with thin, abrupt or semi-abrupt, often bilateral convergent or alternate retouch. Named temporarily “ Kozarnikian ” awaiting for further studies, this assemblage shows some analogies with the archaic Ahmarian from Levant and South-European Proto-Aurignacian as well. Given the lack of diagnostic artefacts of typical Aurignacian, this assemblage shows technological and typological tendencies observed in the overlaying Gravettian industries. The Kozarnikian might be considered as a possible precursor of technocomplexes with bladelet technology and backed pieces and thus,suggesting that the role of Aurignacian in transition between the European Mousterian and the UP is not unique nor exclusive. It becomes more and more obvious that, at the beginning of this transformation, preceding the Aurignacian, different cultural traditions where involved

Potential for combined biocontrol activity against fungal fish and plant pathogens by bacterial isolates from a model aquaponic system

One of the main challenges in aquaponics is disease control. One possible solution for this is biological control with organisms exerting inhibitory effects on fish and plant pathogens. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of isolating microorganisms that exert an inhibitory effect on both plant and fish pathogens from an established aquaponic system. We obtained 924 isolates on selective King's B agar and 101 isolates on MRS agar from different compartments of a model aquaponic system and tested them for antagonism against the plant pathogen Pythium ultimum and fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica. Overall, 42 isolates were able to inhibit both fungi. Although not yet tested in vivo, these findings open new options for the implementation of biological control of diseases in aquaponics, where plants and fish are cultivated in the same water recirculating system

Potential for Combined Biocontrol Activity against Fungal Fish and Plant Pathogens by Bacterial Isolates from a Model Aquaponic System

One of the main challenges in aquaponics is disease control. One possible solution for this is biological control with organisms exerting inhibitory effects on fish and plant pathogens. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of isolating microorganisms that exert an inhibitory effect on both plant and fish pathogens from an established aquaponic system. We obtained 924 isolates on selective King’s B agar and 101 isolates on MRS agar from different compartments of a model aquaponic system and tested them for antagonism against the plant pathogen Pythium ultimum and fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica. Overall, 42 isolates were able to inhibit both fungi. Although not yet tested in vivo, these findings open new options for the implementation of biological control of diseases in aquaponics, where plants and fish are cultivated in the same water recirculating system

Detection of Fungal Diseases in Lettuce by VIR-NIR Spectroscopy in Aquaponics

One of the main challenges facing the development of aquaponics is disease control, due on one hand to the fact that plants cannot be treated with chemicals because they can lead to mortality in cultured fish. The aim of this study was to apply the visible–near-infrared spectroscopy and vegetation index approach to test aquaponically cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) infected with different fungal pathogens (Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria alternata). The lettuces on the third leaf formation were placed in tanks (with dimensions 1 m/0.50 m/0.35 m) filled up with water from the aquaponics system every second day. In this study, we included reference fungal strains Aspergillus niger NBIMCC 3252, Fusarium oxysporum NBIMCC 125, and Alternaria alternata NBIMCC 109. Diffuse reflectance spectra of the leaves of lettuce were measured directly on the plants using a USB4000 spectrometer in the 450–1100 nm wavelength range. In near-infrared spectral range, the reflectance values of infected leaves are lower than those of the control, which indicates that some changes in cell structures occurred as a result of the fungal infection. All three investigated pathogens had a statistically significant effect on leaf water content and water band index. Vegetative indices such as Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (CARI), Modified chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index (MCARI), Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI), Red Edge Index (REI2), Red Edge Index (REI3), and Water band index (WBI) were found to be effective in distinguishing infected plants from healthy ones, with WBI demonstrating the greatest reliability

Advances in Neutron-Induced Resonance Reaction Cross Section Studies at GELINA

The neutron time-of-flight facility GELINA at the IRMM Geel, Belgium has been especially designed for neutron-induced reaction cross section studies in the resonance region. It is a multi-user facility, serving up to 10 different experiments simultaneously, and providing a pulsed white neutron source, with a neutron energy range between 1 meV and 20MeV, a time resolution of 1ns and flight path lengths ranging from 10m to 400 m. The main effort of the experimental program at GELINA is devoted to applied research. Over the last decade, the IRMM has made an intense effort to improve the quality of neutron-induced cross section data in the resolved and unresolved resonance region. Due to the progress made, neutron-induced reaction cross section data, including full covariance information, can be obtained at GELINA from thermal up to the unresolved resonance region.JRC.D.5-Neutron physic

Neutron Cross-Section Measurements on 103Rh and 133Cs for Improved Nuclear Criticality Safety

New transmission and capture cross-section measurements were performed at GELINA for 103Rh and 133Cs. These experiments are part of a series of measurements that are planned to improve the evaluations of the nuclear data for the present nuclear power plants and for criticality safety of spent fuel storage and transport. The detection system was based on C6D6 detectors for the neutron capture experiment and on 6Li-glass detectors for the neutron transmission experiment. Samples with different thicknesses were used. The useful energy range for this experiment was from 20 eV to about 150 keV. In the Resolved Resonance Region (RRR) a resonance shape analysis was done with the code REFIT [1], while in the Unresolved Resonance Region (URR) the data was interpreted in terms of average resonance parameters.JRC.D.5-Neutron physic