Intergenerationale soziale Mobilitätseffekte. Eine Analyse der Effekte von objektiver und subjektiver sozialer Mobilität auf die Einstellung gegenüber eingewanderten Personen in OECD-Ländern

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird mittels des World Value Surveys der Zusammenhang zwischen der intergenerationalen sozialen Mobilität und der Einstellung gegenüber eingewanderten Personen in 14 OECD-Ländern untersucht. Indem neben der objektiven sozialen Mobilität, operationalisiert als Bildungs- und Berufsmobilität, auch die subjektive soziale Mobilitätswahrnehmung untersucht wird, kann ein wesentlicher Forschungsbeitrag erbracht werden. Mittels einer multinomialen Regression wurde dieser Zusammenhang auf der Individualebene analysiert. Daraus resultiert, dass die soziale Aufwärtsmobilität, insbesondere der Berufsaufstieg als länderübergreiffender Effekt, zu einer Reduktion negativer Einstellungen führt. Die objektive Abwärtsmobilität hingegen übt keinen Einfluss auf die Einstellung aus, was sich mit den bisherigen Studien deckt. Ein Grund dafür liegt wahrscheinlich darin, dass ein objektiver intergenerationaler Abstieg nicht als persönlicher Statusverlust wahrgenommen wird. Deshalb fallen die negativen Effekte eines subjektiven Abstiegs stärker ins Gewicht. Entgegen den Erwartungen besteht die Evidenz, dass ein subjektiver Aufstieg nicht nur zu einer Reduktion, sondern auch zu einer Zunahme der einwanderungsfeindlichen Einstellungen führt. Diese Ambivalenz wird in der Arbeit eingehend diskutiert. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde über binomiale logistische Mehrebenenanalysen untersucht, welchen Einfluss Makrofaktoren auf die Einwanderungseinstellung haben. Indirekt wirkt die wirtschaftliche Leistung auf den Effekt der subjektiven sozialen Mobilität. Ein wahrgenommener Aufstieg hat in Ländern mit einer hohen wirtschaftlichen Leistung einen stärkeren positiven Einfluss als in ärmeren Ländern. Zudem wird eine hohe Arbeitslosenquote verstärkt mit negativen Einstellungen in Verbindung gebracht. Bei beiden Makroeffekten besteht aber eine höhere Irrtumswahrscheinlichkeit. Die Schlussfolgerung besteht darin, dass die Migrationseinstellung wesentlich stärker von Prädiktoren auf der Mikroebene beeinflusst wird als von gesellschaftlichen Makrostrukturen

Influence of Silica Fume on SCC Concrete Properties

The use of recycled materials or waste increases sustainability in the construction sector. Likewise, the self-compacting concrete (SCC) has shown improvement in mechanical properties, when made with some waste pozzolanic materials. The differences in the compressive strength of the SCC concrete sample in the case of 5% by mass share of silica fume compared to samples with 7% were explored. The results shown that optimal replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement by silica fume is 5%, under applied experimental conditions

Organic composition of Igalo bay peloid (Montenegro)

837-848Igalo peloid is known for a number of therapeutic properties (resort of healing, cosmetic or aesthetic application) and its closeness of the sea, which makes the peloid extremely valuable. So far, the organic composition of the Igalo peloid was not investigated or determined. Also, there are studies for its medical application and biological activity, which are directly related to its chemical composition. In this paper we analyzed the content of organic compounds (fatty acids, proteins, amino acids, sugars) and we also listed their main and well-known biological, pharmaceutical and medical roles and purposes. For the purpose of this study, different analytical techniques were applied to the collected peloid, including extraction, chromatographic, electrophoretic and NMR techniques

Populacioni atributi Apodemus Agrarius Pallas 1771 u fragmentiranim staništima

The aim of the study is to present the population attributes: population density, sex ratio and age groups in striped field mouse populations at small areas of fragmented habitats. During an one-year study, 108 individuals were captured: 58 females and 50 males. The highest population density was found in the spring in the agroecosystem, and the lowest in the summer in the meadow ecosystem. The highest value of the sex index was calculated for the forest ecosystem in the spring. The highest numbers in all ecosystems and in all periods of study have had specimens of the medium reproductive period, which could be explained by an active search for food, partner or shelter.Cilj rada je da prikaže populacione atribute: gustinu, odnos polova i starosne grupe u populacijama prugastog miša u fragmentiranim staništima na malim površinama. Tokom jednogodišnjeg istraživanja izlovljeno je 108 jedinki, 58 ženki i 50 mužjaka. Najveća gustina populacije konstatovana je tokom prolećnog aspektu u agroekosistemu, a najmanja tokom letnjeg u livadskom ekosistemu. Najviša vrednost seksualnog indeksa izračunata je za šumski ekosistem u prolećnom aspektu. Najveću brojnost u svim ekosistemima i svim periodima ispitivanja imale su jedinke srednjeg reproduktivnog perioda, što se može objasniti aktivnom potragom za hranom, partnerom ili skloništem

Energy Efficiency and Sustainability of Biofibres-Based Thermal Insulation

Energy efficiency of residential and commercial buildings is acutely important as this sector is responsible for approximately 40% of overall energy consumption and around 35% of CO2 emissions (in the European Union). The construction sector has intense environmental footprint due to exploitation of non-renewable material and energy resources, land use and generation of waste materials during construction and demolition. It is therefore important to develop sustainable building structures, practices and materials with minimal resources and energy use. Utilization of energy efficient, sustainable and resource-saving building materials is of particular importance. The study is carried out to investigate possibilities and evaluate effects of application of biofibres-based structures as non-constructive and/or insulating materials in current building practice. Focus is on natural, dominantly cellulose, fibres, traditionally used in the past (hemp, reed, straw, flax, rice hulls, cotton stalks, sunflower, cattail, bagasse, etc) as well as on some promising grass/reed cultures, such as Miscanthus x Giganteus. The experimental examinations of thermal and mechanical properties decisive for the performance of thermal insulation have been undertaken. Expectedly, the thermal conductivity, as the material characteristic primarily responsible for Operational Energy Consumption, has been found mostly worse than in commonly used, mass produced, thermal insulation materials such as expanded or extruded polystyrene, glass or mineral wool, etc. On the other hand, conclusions of Life Cycle Analysis and examination of Embodied Energy advocates the utilization of designated natural biofibres-based thermal insulation as more sustainable and in the long run (Cradle to Grave) energy efficient alternative to the conventional insulation materials

Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Fly Ash Effect on Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete

The paper presents experimental results of the tests conducted on Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with recycled coarse aggregate, and fly ash as filler component. A fine fraction of aggregate originated from a riverbed, while coarse aggregate was obtained either from a riverbed or by crushing laboratory concrete cubes as recycled concrete aggregate. The larger coarse aggregate grains than typical for SCC were used, to highlight the possibility of application in structure elements with sparse reinforcement bars. Four mixtures of concrete were made, in order to compressive strength as the dominant property of any concrete. All of the fresh concrete mixtures displayed proper behavior for this kind of concrete, whereas recycled concrete aggregate induced several challenges. Hardened concrete mixtures showed that beyond the use of natural coarse aggregate, there is the possibility to obtain proper mechanical behavior needed for structural concrete, with moderate amounts of cement. Such an approach paves a way for a cleaner and more sustainable civil engineering practice

LC-MS/MS određivanje ostataka pesticida u višnjama

The MRM for the determination of acetamiprid, dimethoate, carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, propiconazole and tebuconazole in sour cherries was done by LC-MS/MS. Propiconazole was detected in two samples above the MRL while all the other pesticide derections were belowe the established values.LC-MS/MS je korišćen u MRM određivanja ostataka acetamiprida, dimetoata, karbendazima, piraklostrobina, propikonazola i tebukonazola u uzorcima višanja. Propikonazol je detektovan u dva uzorka iznad MDK, dok su sve ostale detekcije bile ispod propisanih vrednosti

Utilization of Waste In Geopolimerization A Review

The aim of this article is to review the utilization of various types of waste in geopolimerization technology processes. The geopolymerization represents a process comprising of the dissolution of aluminosilicate solids in a strongly alkaline medium followed by condensation of free alumina-silica oligomers to form a tetrahedral polymeric structure. Advantage of this technology represents the possibility of utilization of any silica and alumina-containing waste material that could be dissolved in an alkaline solution. Production of geopolymers from waste not only provides less raw material consumption but also addresses issues regarding the disposal of wastes. Fly ash, red mud, construction and demolition waste (C&DW), slags, or mine waste are the most utilized waste types in combination with supplementary waste materials according to their characteristics. Conducted investigations showed that the use of various waste materials leads to the production of geopolymers with a broad range of final properties. Despite a high number of published Publications and patents, the large-scale utilization of waste is still missing

Electronic aspects of formation and properties of local structures around Mn in Cd1−xMnxTe1−ySey

Local electronic and structural features around Mn in Cd1−xMnxTe0.97Se0.03 (x = 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; y = 0.03) were studied by means of X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) techniques. Manganese ions with an average valence 2+, are found to be well incorporated into the host CdTe lattice, with clear preference for Te atoms as the first neighbors. However, Mn and Te are found to form two essentially different types of bonds, one short, strong and directional (cubic MnTe-alike bond), and three much longer, predominantly ionic in nature (hexagonal MnTe-alike bonds), thereby distorting the tetrahedral coordination around Mn. The origin of peculiar Mn–Te bonds distribution and details of their nature and strength are further elaborated by employing the first principle electronic structure calculations. That way a thorough insight in impact of the Mn–Te bond length variation on the electronic structure of the compound is obtained. The relations established between the local structures and electronic properties offer a reliable procedure for detailed analysis of the structural and electronic consequences of the 3d-transition metals (TM) incorporation in II–VI semiconductor host. Clear distinction between various influences makes the procedure easily adoptable also to the studies of TM impurities in other semiconductors

Cathode Ray Tube Waste Glass in Concrete Preparation - Increasing Sustainability

The construction sector is responsible for approximately 39% of energy use and process-related carbon dioxide emissions. Mixing waste materials into concrete, as a substitute for cement and/or aggregate, increases energy efficiency and sustainability in general. Additionally, pressure on the environment is decreasing by reducing the amount of exploitation of natural raw materials. On the other hand, the rapid progress of the electronic industry has led to the generation of a large amount of electrical waste before the end of its useful life. Disposal of old monitors and TV screens, i.e. their cathode-ray tubes (CRT), represents a major problem for the environment because CRT waste is classified as hazardous due to its high lead content. This paper deals with an overview of investigations on CRT waste utilization in cement materials in order to increase sustainability and encourage a circular economy in the construction sector