Surviving and destroyed cultural and historical monuments in the Župas of Gora and Sredska and part of Prizrenski podgor in Šar mountain

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Energy Consumption Structure and Development in European Transition Countries

The structure and development of energy consumption in European transition countries, i.e., 11 former socialistic republics including Croatia, which are now new EU members, are considered. For the last twenty years, transition countries have been in the processes of changing their social, economic and political structures with considerable influence on the energy sector. In these former socialistic countries, due to a planned economy, the energy sector has not been significantly efficient. The structure and development of energy consumption on a national level in transition countries are analyzed and compared with the same indicators of the 12 developed European countries. Furthermore, the structure of energy consumption and its sector utilization in transition countries is presented. Finally, techno-economical solutions are proposed

Economic Interests and Social Problems in Realization of Broadband Network

Investments in broadband access are very useful for local community, especially for the underdeveloped and developing countries. The emphasis is on importance of broadband infrastructure and the use of Internet in the world, the EU and the Republic of Croatia as one of its member state. Implementation analysis of the “Slavonian Network” project in Slavonia, (Croatia region) for the period 2012 to 2017, points to a number of problems that were recorded in development of the broadband and to technical, economic, legal, and social issues as well. The density of broadband connections and users in Croatia is significantly lower than the average of the EU, and in five counties in the Slavonia region, this average is in turn lower than in Croatia. This state of affairs prevents social and economic development, effective functioning of the public administration, and inclusion of the region in modern communication within the country and within EU. The construction of broadband infrastructure is a significant economic and technical activity for all countries, especially for the countries lagging behind in economic and technological development. This paper points to the model of regional approach to building broadband infrastructure that can be a good model for all developing countries

Antraknoza - nova bolest jagode u Srbiji i njena kontrola fungicidima

Anthracnose is a destructive disease of strawberry fruits in warm and continental climate. During 2004, in the vicinity of Valjevo, there were severe losses in two strawberry plantations due to fruit anthracnose. Two fungal isolates, GG-6A and GG-JUP were recovered from strawberry stolons and fruits showing severe anthracnose symptoms. Based on morphological and pathological characteristics, and PCR analyses with specific primers of reference species, isolate GG-6A was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and GG-JUP isolate as C. acutatum. This is the first identification of C. acutatum in strawberry in Serbia. In order to control strawberry anthracnose, five fungicides and their combinations were applied four times during the flowering. The best fruit protection was achieved by fungicides Metiram + piraclostrobin (Cabrio top), Captan FL and Fludioksinil + ciprodinil (Swich). Less effective were Benomil (Benlate) and Krezoksim-metil (Stroby). Pathogen is transmitted by planting material, so phytosanitary measures are extremely important in preventing the disease.Antraknoza je destruktivna bolest plodova jagode u toplim i kontinentalnim klimatskim uslovima. Tokom 2004. godine, na 2 plantaže jagoda u blizini Valjeva, bilo je velikih gubitaka prouzrokovanih antraknozom. Dva izolata gljiva GG-6A i GG-JUP su izolovana iz stolona jagode, i plodova sa izraženim simptomima antraknoze. Na osnovu morfoloških i patoloških karakteristika, i PCR analize sa specifičnim prajmerima za referentne vrste, izolat GG-6A je identifikovan kao Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a izolat GG-JUP kao C. acutatum. Ovo je prvi nalaz C. acutatum na jagodi u Srbiji. U cilju kontrole antraknoze jagode pet fungicida i njihovih kombinacija su primenjeni 4 puta tokom cvetanja. Najbolja zaštita plodova jagode je postignuta primenom fungicida Metiram + piraclostrobin (Cabrio top), Captan FL i Fludioksinil ciprodinil (Swich). Manje efektivni su bili Benomil (Benlate) i Krezoksim-metil (Stroby). Patogen se prenosi sadnim materijalom pa su fitosanitarne mere veoma važne u prevenciji bolesti

Energy Efficiency of Tram Transport in the City of Osijek

In the city of Osijek, tram transport started long before it was introduced in many European and world cities. This paper presents the ways to increase tram traffic energy efficiency in the city of Osijek. The tram transportation system as an urban way of traffic as well as plans for further development are described. Energy efficiency indicators are presented based on electricity consumption and the number of passengers in the past decade. The tram transport system is compared with other forms of public transport in the city of Osijek. An increase in energy efficiency in the sector of urban transport is proved based on the presented data

Anthracnose: A new strawberry disease in Serbia and its control by fungicides

Anthracnose is a destructive disease of strawberry fruits in warm and continental climate. During 2004, in the vicinity of Valjevo, there were severe losses in two strawberry plantations due to fruit anthracnose. Two fungal isolates, GG-6A and GG-JUP were recovered from strawberry stolons and fruits showing severe anthracnose symptoms. Based on morphological and pathological characteristics, and PCR analyses with specific primers of reference species, isolate GG-6A was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and GG-JUP isolate as C. acutatum. This is the first identification of C. acutatum in strawberry in Serbia. In order to control strawberry anthracnose, five fungicides and their combinations were applied four times during the flowering. The best fruit protection was achieved by fungicides Metiram + piraclostrobin (Cabrio top), Captan FL and Fludioksinil + ciprodinil (Swich). Less effective were Benomil (Benlate) and Krezoksim-metil (Stroby). Pathogen is transmitted by planting material, so phytosanitary measures are extremely important in preventing the disease

Ethnonyms in the Serbian language and Serbian studies Этнонимы в сербском языке и сербистике : meaning, formation and lexicographic treatment значение, образование и словарная обработка

Полазећи од грађе из референтних рјечника српског језика, као и релевантних теорија нације и пропријалности, у раду се бавимо именима народа и називима становника физиографских и административних регија. Лингвистичка обиљежја тих јединица реконструишемо с обзиром на сва три угла семиотичког троугла: граматички, семантички и прагматички. Из граматичког аспекта, углавном у ослонцу на теоријски оквир тзв. природне морфологије, закључујемо да је канонски облик етнонимâ множински ако су посриједи ознаке народа, а једнински ако су посриједи ознаке становника физиографских и административних регија. Преиспитујући статус ознака народа у подјели именица према значењу, закључујемо да су оне властите ако упућују на народ као цјелину, а заједничке ако се односе на припаднике те цјелине као појединце. Из семантичког и прагматичког аспекта, углавном у ослонцу на резултате примјене двију истраживачких метода – реконструкције ономасиолошког портрета, разрађене у уралској ономастичкој школи, и реконструкције псеудокомпарацијског портрета, коју смо разрадили сами – закључујемо да су стереотипи појединих народа и регионалних група кодирани унутар српског језика, па и ван њега, али тако да се манифестују кроз говор, многобројни и све бројнији како се човјечанство примиче идеалу свијета као глобалног села, а одмиче од примитивних представа о Другоме као, у основи, лажљивом и превртљивом. Поводом денотације етнонимâ, а на основу увидâ у сложену мрежу таксонимије/меронимије, антонимије, синонимије, полисемије, и, нарочито, паронимије, која их карактерише мимо свих (осталих) јединица ономастичког фонда, закључујемо да етноними – чак ни у случајевима гдје представљају властите именице – нису права, прототипска имена, него категорија на међи с лексичким фондом. Поред што комплетнијег описа етнонимије српског језика и њених творбених образаца, спроведено истражавање требало је да обезбиједи и оригиналан допринос на пољу примијењене лингвистике – описом и објашњењем мјерилâ у стандардизацији етнонимикона и лексикографске праксе у његовој обради, као и препорукама које би ту обраду могле да уједначе, убрзају, олакшају и, по могућству, унаприједе. У најужој научној области, етнонимике, допринос смо покушали дати и ограниченим промјенама препорученим у сфери терминологије и њеног описа.Starting from the material from the relevant Serbian language dictionaries, as well as from the relevant theories of nation and properhood, the paper addresses the names of peoples and the terms for the inhabitants of physiographic and administrative regions. We reconstruct linguistic features of these units by considering all three aspects of the semiotic triangle: grammar, semantics and pragmatics. From the aspect of grammar, mainly based on the theoretical framework of the so-called natural morphology, we concluded that the canonical form of ethnonyms is plural if they function as designations of peoples, and singular if they function as designations of inhabitants of physiographic and administrative regions. Based on the analysis of their status in the classification of nouns according to the meaning, we concluded that the designations of peoples are proper nouns if referring to a people as a whole, and common nouns if referring to the members of the people as individuals. From the aspects of semantics and pragmatics, mainly based on the results of applying two research methods – reconstruction of the onomasiological portrait, developed in the Ural Onomastics School, and reconstruction of the pseudo-comparative portrait, which we developed ourselves – we concluded that the stereotypes of some peoples and regional groups coded within the Serbian language, and even outside but so that they manifest themselves through speech, are numerous and still growing in number as the humankind is getting closer to the ideal of the world as a global village, and further from the primitive notions of the Other as, basically, mendacious and treacherous. With regard to the denotation of ethnonyms, based on the insights into the complex network of taxonymy/meronymy, antonymy, synonymy, polysemy, and especially paronymy, which characterises them beyond all (other) units of the onomastic fund, we concluded that ethnonyms – even in cases when they are proper nouns – are not true, prototypical names, but a category on the borderline with the lexical fund. In addition to providing the most comprehensive description possible of the Serbian ethnonymy and its formation patterns, the purpose of the research was also to make an original contribution in the field of applied linguistics – by describing and explaining the criteria in the standardisation of the ethnonymicon and the lexicographic practice in its treatment, as well as by giving recommendations on how the treatment could be equalized, accelerated, facilitated and possibly improved. In the narrowest scientific sub-discipline, ethnonymics, we also tried to make a contribution by recommending limited changes in the area of terminology and its description

Energy Consumption Structure and Development in European Transition Countries

The structure and development of energy consumption in European transition countries, i.e., 11 former socialistic republics including Croatia, which are now new EU members, are considered. For the last twenty years, transition countries have been in the processes of changing their social, economic and political structures with considerable influence on the energy sector. In these former socialistic countries, due to a planned economy, the energy sector has not been significantly efficient. The structure and development of energy consumption on a national level in transition countries are analyzed and compared with the same indicators of the 12 developed European countries. Furthermore, the structure of energy consumption and its sector utilization in transition countries is presented. Finally, techno-economical solutions are proposed

Tržište i politika cijena električne energije u vrijeme energetske i ekonomske krize u Jugoslaviji

U radu se na primjeru široke potrošnje električne energije (u domaćinstvima i javnoj rasvjeti) analizira politika cijena električne energije, kao najplemenitijeg oblika energije, za vrijeme energetske i ekonomske krize u Jugoslaviji. Dokazuje se da je antitržišnim konceptom dogovorne ekonomije putem depresiranih cijena električne energije izvršen utjecaj na tržištu energije za domaćinstva gdje je unatoč potrebi da se potrošnja racionalno smanji u vrijeme energetske i ekonomske krize — potrošnja značajno porasla i uz strukturne promjene postala neracionalna u evropskim razmjerama. Predlaže se izlaz u energetskoj politici zemlje zasnovanoj na ekonomskim zakonitostima — što, kako se u radu dokazuje, savezni dokument »Strategija dugoročnog razvoja energetike Jugoslavije« nije konzistentno učinio — jer zastupa robnoj proizvodnji nepoznat sistem cijena