56 research outputs found
Hortikulturne vrste lokrumskih vrtova u periodu nadvojvode Maksimilijana HabsburÅ”kog (1859.ā1869.) i njihovo sadaÅ”nje stanje
This research, conducted within the ornamental gardens of the Island of Lokrum and based on the original archival documents from Trieste State Archives (AST) and Austrian State Archives (OeStA) in Vienna, was aimed at creating the first unique list of horticultural plant taxon planted on the island during the reign of the Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian Habsburg (1859-69). The research identified 213 taxa, including 184 species, 4 varieties, 8 hybrids and 17 cultivars. There were 193 allochthonous taxa, mostly originating from Central and South America (66), including 47 Asian species, 21 Australian species, 17 African species and 13 South American species. The Archive lists 20 taxa autochthonous in Croatia. While the number of the autochthonous taxa had apparently been higher, the historical documents have mostly recorded only the introduction of exotics. At that time, the following taxa were for the first time introduced in this part of the Adriatic, on the Island of Lokrum: Ananas comosus, Musa x paradisiaca, M. acuminata, Eucalyptus diversifolia, E. globulus, Araucaria araucana, A. columnaris, A. angustifolia, A. bidwillii, A. cunninghamii, Bougainvillea spectabilis and Citrus reticulata. At the location of the ornamental gardens, 51 ornamental allochthonous taxa and 20 autochthonous taxa were identified today. Within this number, only 21 allochthonous taxa and 9 autochthonous taxa remain present since the period of Maximilian. According to the 2018-2019 inventory, 71 taxa have been inventoried within the ornamental gardens on Lokrum, belonging to 43 families and 64 genera. Due to lack of intensive maintenance of the gardens, the majority of allochthonous, exotic species failed to survive within the autochthonous island vegetation. The list of taxa from Maximilianās gardens presented in this paper and retrieved from the archival sources, will be the starting point of the restoration process that awaits these gardens.Cilj je ovog istraživanja u okviru ornamentalnih lokrumskih vrtova, a temeljem izvornih arhivskih dokumenata pohranjenih u Državnom arhivu u Trstu (AST) i Državnom arhivu u BeÄu (OeStA), po prvi puta napraviti jedinstveni popis planski saÄenih hortikulturnih biljnih svojti iz razdoblja uprave nadvojvode Ferdinanda Maksimilijana HabsburÅ”kog na otoku Lokrumu (1859-69). Nadalje, cilj rada je prikazati u kojem omjeru su se danas oÄuvale planski saÄene hortikulturne vrste iz Maksimilijanova vremena. Hortikulturne vrste u smislu ovog istraživanja, podrazumijevaju ne samo popise ukrasnih vrsta drveÄa i grmlja, nego i povrÄa, voÄa te zeljastih trajnica koje su saÄene u tom razdoblju. Zbog vrijedne graditeljske baÅ”tine otok Lokrum (72 ha) je u cijelosti zajedno s povijesnom jezgrom Dubrovnika 1979. godine uvrÅ”ten na listu svjetske kulturne baÅ”tine UNESCO. U biljnogeografskom pogledu Lokrum pripada eumediteranskome podruÄju vazdazelenih Å”uma i makije hrasta crnike reda Quercetalia ilicis Br.-Bl. (1931) 1936 (IlijaniÄ i HeÄimoviÄ 1989). U tablici 1 skupno su prikazani rezultati popisa bilja iz Maksimilijanovog razdoblja te inventarizacije sadaÅ”njeg stanja. Ukupno je inventarizirano 256 svojti od Äega 225 vrsta, 1 podvrsta, 3 varijeteta, 8 križanaca (hibrida) i 19 kultivara. Svojte pripadaju u 179 razliÄitih rodova iz 80 porodica. Iz Maksimilijanova razdoblja utvrÄeno je 213 svojti, od Äega 184 vrste, 4 varijeteta, 8 križanaca i 17 kultivara. Alohtonih, egzotiÄnih svojti je bilo 193, od Äega najviÅ”e s podruÄja Srednje i Južne Amerike 66, azijskih vrsta 47, Australije 21, s Afrike 17 te s podruÄja Sj. Amerike 13. Prema skupinama biljaka najviÅ”e je bilo trajnica (50; 23,5 %), slijede bjelogoriÄne (26) i crnogoriÄne stablaÅ”ice (22, ukupno 48; 22,5 %) te grmolike (44; 20,1 %), dok je danas od ukupno 71 svojte (koja pripada u 43 porodice i 64 roda) prema inventarizaciji utvrÄeno najviÅ”e grmolikih (20; 28,2 %), slijede bjelogoriÄne stablaÅ”ice (12) i trajnice (12; 16,9 %). U arhivskim popisima se nalazi 20 svojti autohtonih u Hrvatskoj. Pri tome je broj autohtonih svojti bio izgledno veÄi, no u povijesnim dokumentima se u veÄini sluÄajeva pratila iskljuÄivo introdukcija egzota. Na Lokrumu su tada po prvi puta na ovome dijelu Jadrana introducirane sljedeÄe svojte; Ananas comosus, Musa Ć paradisiaca, M. acuminata, Eucalyptus diversifolia, E. globulus, Araucaria araucana, A. columnaris, A. angustifolia, A. bidwillii, A. cunninghamii, Bougainvillea spectabilis i Citrus reticulata. Od ukupno utvrÄenih 51 ornamentalnih alohtonih svojti danas Å”to je Äetvrtina u odnosu na Maksimilijanovo razdoblje, tek je 21 oÄuvana tj. ima kontinuitet iz tog vremena. TakoÄer, utvrÄeno je da je danas na prostoru ornamentalnih vrtova prisutno 20 autohtonih svojti (od toga je 9 autohtonih ostalo prisutno iz Maksimilijanovog doba). VeÄi udio alohtonih egzotiÄnih biljaka nije uspio opstati zbog izostanka intenzivnog održavanja vrtova. Prema inventarizaciji 2018.-2019., danas je u okviru ornamentalnih vrtova na Lokrumu inventarizirana 71 svojta, koja pripada u 43 porodice i 64 roda. Na otoku su danas prisutne 3 invazivne vrste: Nicotiana glauca, Robinia pseudoacacia i Opuntia ficus-indica. Otok Lokrum je danas u cijelosti zaÅ”tiÄen kao posebni rezervat Å”umske vegetacije ukljuÄivo podruÄje ornamentalnih vrtova iz Maksimilijanova razdoblja. Prema tomu bi eventualna reintrodukcija odreÄenih svojti trebala biti sukladna ekoloÅ”kim, fitocenoloÅ”kim i krajobraznim znaÄajkama podruÄja Lokruma. Pri obnovi vrtova trebala bi se razmatrati selektivna reintrodukcija, onih svojti koje znaÄajno doprinose obnovi stilskih karakteristika ovih vrtova u vremenu u kojem su stvarani. Pri tome iskljuÄujuÄi sve invazivne, ali i potencijalno invazivne svojte koje nisu na službenim popisima invazivnih biljaka, poput svojti iz roda Pittosporum, Mesenbriamthemum, Acacia i dr. Ovdje objavljen popis svojti ornamentalnih Maksimilijanovih vrtova iz arhivskih izvora, bit Äe polaziÅ”te za proces obnove koji ove vrtove oÄekuje
Taxonomic Composition of Pasture Flora on ÄiÄarija (Istria, Croatia)
Autochthonous vascular pasture fl ora was researched at the localities of two family owned farms which breed sheep, situated on the ÄiÄarija mountain (Istria, Croatia). During research conducted in 2003 and 2004, a total of 314 plant taxa (279 species, 34 subspecies and 1 variety) were found. The taxa belonged to 173 genera and 45 families. Th e most dominant families are: Asteraceae with 49 species and 2 subspecies, and Poaceae with 34 species and 4 subspecies, followed by Lamiaceae with 26 species and 6 subspecies, and Fabaceae with 22 species and 6 subspecies. According to analysis of life forms, the most numerous are hemicryptophytes (53.82%) and therophytes (22.93%). Phytogeographical analysis has shown that the most pasture plants belong to the Mediterranean fl oral element (32.91%) and Euro-Asiatic floral element (29.17%)
Tradicionalna upotreba samoniklog jestivog bilja na podruÄju opÄine KrÅ”an (Istra, Hrvatska)
U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati etnobotaniÄkog istraživanja tradicionalnog koriÅ”tenja samoniklog jestivog bilja na podruÄju opÄine KrÅ”an, provedenog tijekom 2017. i 2018. godine. Ukupno je dokumentirano 107 biljnih vrsta (od toga 17 kultiviranih vrsta), u prosjeku 26 vrsta po jednom
intervjuu. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da se najveÄi broj samoniklih biljaka najÄeÅ”Äe koristi kao: sirove salate ili kuhano povrÄe (37 vrsta), sirovo divlje voÄe (24 vrste), svakodnevni / ili medicinski Äajevi (18 vrsti), zaÄinske biljke (4 vrste), a 7 vrsta ima specifiÄnu medicinsku uporabu. Pored najÄeÅ”Äe spominjane vrste povrÄa, popularne Å”paroge (Asparagus acutifolius L.), zanimljiva je i vrlo Äesta konzumacija Å”parogama sliÄnih biljaka Äiji se mladi izdanci jedu sirovi, kuhani ili u mjeÅ”avini s kokoÅ”jim jajima: Ruscus aculeatus L., Clematis vitalba L., Tamus communis L. i Humulus lupulus L. Zabilježena je i hrana koriÅ”tena u vrijeme velike gladi (za vrijeme 1. i 2. svjetskog rata), primjerice Quercus ilex L. Posebna karakteristika lokalne gastronomije je kiseljenje mladih izbojaka Ruscus aculeatus L., kao i kiseljenje Portulaca oleraceae L. koje koriste kao salatu / prilog mesnim jelima tijekom zime. Uz spomenute vrste najÄeÅ”Äe koriÅ”teno povrÄe je: Foeniculum vulgare L., Urtica dioica L., Taraxacum officinale L., Cichorium inthybus L. i Sonchus oleraceus L. NajÄeÅ”Äe koriÅ”teno divlje voÄe je: Rubus ulmifolius L., Juniperus oxycedrus L., Cornus mas L., Morus nigra L., M. alba L. i Sorbus domestica L. Upotreba nekultiviranog povrÄa duž Mediteranskog dijela Hrvatske joÅ” je uvijek relativno Äesta, iako je u opadanju, kao i u cijeloj Europi i na globalnoj razini
FLORISTIC AND VEGETATION CHARACTERISTIC OF FOREST EDGES AND GRASSLANDS OF ÄIÄARIJA (CROATIA)
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi floru i vegetaciju travnjaka, te prisutnost i uÄestalost pojavljivanja drvenastih i zeljastih svojti Å”umskog ruba na lokalitetima s razliÄitim naÄinom gospodarenja (livade/paÅ”njaci; koriÅ”teno/nekoriÅ”teno). Istraživanja flore i vegetacije travnjaka (2008ā2010) provedena su na 27 lokaliteta. Pritom su napravljene 103 fitocenoloÅ”ke snimke po Braun-Blanquetovoj metodi. Travnjaci ÄiÄarije veÄinom pripadaju redu Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia (paÅ”njaci) te manjim dijelom redu Arrhenatheretalia (livade). Na istraživanim travnjacima ÄiÄarije zabilježene su ukupno 624 biljne svojte, razvrstane u 275 rodova i 62 porodice; najzastupljenije su biljke mediteranskog flornog elementa (31,15 %) i euroazijskog flornog elementa (29,97 %). Od životnih oblika prevladavaju hemikriptofiti (53,83 %). Od ukupne flore izdvojeno je 35 drvenastih svojti (5,61 % ukupne flore) i 74 zeljaste svojte Å”umskog ruba (11,86 % ukupne flore) iz razreda Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei, koje ukazuju na zapoÄete procese vegetacijske sukcesije na pojedinim lokalitetima. MeÄu zeljastim vrstama na veÄini je lokaliteta zabilježeno zarastanje s Brachypodium rupestre.
Osobitu pozornost treba posvetiti zaÅ”titi i oÄuvanju istraživanih travnjaka kroz mjere gospodarenja (ispaÅ”a i koÅ”nja), sprjeÄavanja zapoÄetog procesa sukcesije travnjaka i održanja kontrole Å”irenja kolonizatorske vrste B. rupestre. Rezultati istraživanja mogu pružiti osnovu za izradu planova upravljanja te oÄuvanja bioraznolikosti, posebice na podruÄjima unutar mreže Natura 2000.The aim of this study was to determine grassland flora (Tab. 2) and vegetation, and frequency of occurrence of woody and herbaceous species of the forest edge at different grassland management localities (Tab. 6, see Tab. 5). The field research of flora and grassland vegetation (2008ā2010) was conducted at 27 localities (Tab. 1, Fig.1). A total of 103 relevĆ©s using the Braun-Blanquet (1964) method amounting to 100 m2 was made, while the description of habitats included geographical coordinates, altitude, inclination, exposure, land forms, and grassland management.
Woody species and herbaceous transgressive species from the Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinea class (according to KaligariÄ 1997) were selected from the relevĆ©s (VitasoviÄ KosiÄ 2011) and are hereinafter referred to as "herbaceous species of the forest edge". The presence and frequency of each taxon in relation to the type of grassland management were determined. For each taxon, Braun-Blanquetās values were calculated as percentage of ground cover (%) on a particular grassland type and classified according to grassland management type. From a total of 103 relevĆ©s, 35 relevĆ©s were abandoned pastures (NP), 23 relevĆ©s abandoned meadows (NL), 20 relevĆ©s used pastures (KP) and 25 relevĆ©s used meadows (KL). The diversity of environmental grassland parameters and grassland management type was determined using modified Ellenberg indicator values (EIV) adjusted for the Mediterranean (Pignatti et al. 2005). The descriptive statistical analysis of environmental variables (Box & Whiskers diagrams) was conducted using the STATISTICA software package (StatSoft Inc. 2005).
A total of 624 plant taxa classified in 275 genera and 62 families was recorded whereas the top six families according to number of taxa (Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae and Rosaceae) encompassed more than half (51.28 %) of the total recorded flora (Tab. 3).
According to phytogeographical analysis (Tab. 4), the nearly equal representation of the Mediterranean floral element (31.15 %) and Eurasian floral element (29.97 %) indicated that the studied area is located at the transition between the sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean-mountain vegetation belt. Prevalent life forms include hemicryptophytes (53.83 %), which are typical for the grassland flora of pastures and meadows and indicate anthropogenic influence reflected in the form of grazing and burning. The relatively high prevalence of woody plants in the grassland habitats (N and P, 5.59 %) indicated processes of succession at some of the localities (Fig. 2).
The ÄiÄarija grasslands belong mostly to the Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia order (pastures) and partially to the Arrhenatheretalia order (meadows) (Poldini 1989, KaligariÄ 1997, Poldini & KaligariÄ 1997, VitasoviÄ KosiÄ et al. 2011, 2012). A syntaxonomical interpretation of these associations is shown below.
From the total flora, 35 woody species (5.61 %) and 74 herbaceous species of the forest edge (11.86 %) from the class Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei were singled out, indicating processes of vegetation succession at some of the localities (Tab. 5, Tab. 6). Among the endangered species, Gentiana symphyandra (EN) and the vulnerable Lilium bulbiferum (VU) should be noted.
According to grassland management, the largest number of woody and herbaceous species of the forest edge was detected within abandoned areas: NP ā 58 taxa and NL ā 28 species, while the used areas KL (16 taxa) and KP (7 species) contained significantly less.
The analysis of ecological indicator values (EIV) for woody and herbaceous species of forest edges (Fig. 3) showed that KP distinguished among the grassland management types, as can be seen by EIV nutrients, continentality, and light. Used pastures are generally homes to species that grow in poor soil nutrients (e.g., Genista sylvestris and Inula hirta), subcontinental (e.g., Asparagus tenuifolius), and continental species (e.g., Chamaecytisus hirsutus). As for the EIV of light, used pastures have more half-shade species, some of which cannot grow under full light (e.g., Helleborus multifidus subsp. istriacus). Contrary are used meadows where generally full-light species appear (Orobanche minor, Scabiosa columbaria, Rhinanthus aristatatus, etc.).
It is known that grassland management acts as a driving force in the diversity of the plant community (MacDonald et al. 2000, Kahmen et al. 2002, Wilson et al. 2003). During the last six decades, the abandonment of the traditional way of raising sheep resulted in different succession changes and significantly influenced biodiversity (ZupanÄiÄ and Žagar 2002, de Bello et al. 2007). The main overgrowth of vegetation occurred in the contact zones between inadequately mowed and grazing plots. Other means of spreading woody species may include forest edges and shrub communities that occur as a phase in the very dynamic process of re-overgrowth, which most often has an anthropogenic origin (Äarni et al. 2002).
Immediately after a plot ceases to be mowed or used for grazing, the occurrence of a high percentage of successional species is almost instant (Poldini 1989, KaligariÄ & Poldini 1997, see Tab. 6). Due to the low usage intensity of grasslands, the colonizing grass Brachypodium rupestre spread across the entire plot (Catorci et al., 2011, 2012). In this study B. rupestre appeared at a large frequency (<40 %) on KL and KP, and with an even greater frequency (>40 %) on NL and NP (see Tab. 5, compare VitasoviÄ KosiÄ et al. 2012). The occurrence of B. rupestre in ÄiÄarija is consistent with several studies, all of which emphasize the role of B. pinnatum and B. rupestre in the invasion of unmanaged grasslands through processes of competition and related problems of conservation (During & Willems 1984, Bobbink & Willems 1987). According to Grime (1973, 2001), B. rupestre possesses dominant features such as large size, strong vegetative reproductive capacity (with marked lateral spreading), growth from basal meristems (Stebbins 1972), and high phytomass production (Catorci et al. 2012). Moreover, its silica-rich leaves render this species poorly palatable for sheep (Grime et al. 1988), thus enabling the formation of a large amount of plant litter and a consequent decrease in floristic diversity (Bonanomi and Allegrezza 2004; Bonanomi et al. 2009).
Under-grazing and irregular mowing (i.e., low disturbance) lead to the floristic homogenization of a system (VitasoviÄ KosiÄ et al. 2011), which ultimately leads to a reduction in plant diversity. Meadows are subjected to the invasion of B. rupestre to a larger extent and, as stated by Bennie et al. (2006), they are more vulnerable to the loss of floristic diversity than pastures after regular management ceases. For this reason, regular mowing should be maintained and intensified. As for dry pastures, a solution for more efficient management could be in using very low selective herbivores, such as cows, donkeys or horses, for grazing.
In conclusion, particular attention in the protection and preservation of grasslands should be given to certain management measures (grazing and mowing) in order to maintain biodiversity, prevent grassland succession, and maintain control of the spread of B. rupestre. The results of this research can provide the basis for the development of new management plans, which will require specific knowledge on the preservation of biodiversity, particularly in Special Protected Areas (SPA) within the Natura 2000 network.
Syntaxonomical interpretation:
FESTUCO-BROMETEA Braun-Blanquet et R. TĆ¼xen 1943
SCORZONERO-CHRYSOPOGONETALIA HorvatiÄ et Horvat (1956) 1958
Saturejon subspicatae HorvatiÄ 1975
Carici humili-Centaureetum rupestris Horvat 1931
aa) subas. satureetosum variegatae Poldini 1989 (= as. Saturejo subspicatae-Caricetum humilis TrinajstiÄ /1981/1999, corr.2007)
ab) subas. laserpitietosum sileris KaligariÄ et Poldini 1997, variant with Laserpitium siler (so far observed only in Gorski Kotar)
ac) subas. seslerietosum juncifoliae Horvat 1962 (= as. Seslerio juncifoliae-Caricetum humilis Horvat 1930)
Scorzonerion villosae HorvatiÄ 1949
Danthonio-Scorzoneretum villosae HorvatiÄ (1956) 1958
subas. koelerietosum macranthae VitasoviÄ KosiÄ 2011.
Bromo-Chrysopogonetum grylli Horvat 1960
BROMETALIA ERECTI Braun-Blaunquet 1936
Bromion erecti W. Koch 1926
Koelerio pyramidatae-Brachypodietum rupestris TrinajstiÄ (1981) 2005
MOLINIO-ARRHENATHERETEA R. TĆ¼xen 1937
ARRHENATHERETALIA Pawlowski 1928
Arrhenaterion elatioris Braun-Blaunquet 1926
subas. Anthoxantho-Brometum erecti Poldini 1980 (= subas. Arrhenatheretum elatioris brometosum erecti Poldini 1989) ā first time recorded in Croati
INVESTIGATION OF SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PARK MAKSIMIR
Gubitak identiteta parka Maksimira odvija se veÄ dugi niz godina. Bitni uzroci takvoga stanja svakako su sve veÄi pad
urbane kulture graÄana te partikularni i meÄusobno suprotstavljeni interesi njegovih korisnika. Nadalje, grad je svojim
ekstenzivnim Ŕirenjem uklopio Maksimir u svoje neprikladne i arhitekturom neprimjerene okvire. Nastale su zone
velike ugroženosti, povrÅ”ine koje Äe se dalje degradirati do odcjepljenja od obuhvata Parka, kao konaÄnog rezultata.
Park se danas koristi na vrlo razliÄite naÄine od razliÄitih vlasnika, no pitanje je da li je sadaÅ”nje stanje dostatno za
zadovoljavanje druÅ”tvenih potreba. Park je izgubio na kvaliteti svojih sadržaja, takoÄer i na estetskim aspektima.
Propadanjem nekadaŔnjih objekata i sadržaja u Parku, izgubljena je njegova edukacijska funkcija.
Cilj ovog rada bio je putem povijesne analize i valorizacije matrice dati hijerarhiju za obnovu.The loss of identity of Maksimir Park has been ongoing for many years. The main reasons for this situation are certainly the loss of urban culture among the citizens and in particular, the confl icting interests of the parkās users. Furthermore, with the extensive spreading of the city, Maksimir has been pushed into an inappropriate and architecturally inadequate framework. Zones of great endangerment have arisen, and the fi nal result is that areas will continue to degrade and break off from the parkās territory.
Today, the park is being used in various ways by the various owners, and the main question is whether the current situation is suffi cient to satisfy societyās needs for the park. The park has lost both the quality of its facilities as well as aesthetics. With the loss of several of the former buildings and facilities in the park, its educational function has also been lost.
This paper aims to use historical analyses and a validation of the matrix to provide a hierarchy for restoration of the
park
Primjena utilitarnog i ukrasnog bilja u razdoblju baroka na primjeru dvoraca Hrvatskog zagorja
Äovjek je biljke kroz povijest koristio za razliÄite svrhe. Od prapovijesti pa nadalje, odreÄene biljke zauzimaju važnu ulogu u životu Äovjeka, neke od njih su koriÅ”tene u utilitarne svrhe. U Egiptu su formirali voÄne drvorede kako bi okružili svoj posjed, pritom ne naruÅ”avajuÄi osnovnu ideju simetrije. U Antici su izraÄivali kapitele (glave stupova) prikazujuÄi pojedine biljne vrste, a u Srednjem su vijeku najÄeÅ”Äi motivi u bordurama ili u prikazima svetaca i nekih dogaÄaja KrÅ”Äanske vjere. Za vrijeme baroka perivoji doživljavaju procvat zahvaljujuÄi moÄnim europskim vladarima Å”to su perivoj koristili kao prikaz svoje moÄi. Ovime se ujedno dotiÄemo simbolike bilja i primjera baroka iz Hrvatskog zagorja. Isto razdoblje, ali drugaÄiji gospodarski i klimatski uvjeti uzrokovali su razlike u primjeni i odabiru vrsta. ProuÄavanjem razliÄite literature o dvorcima Hrvatskog zagorja sastavljen je popis koriÅ”tenih biljnih vrsta od kojih se najÄeÅ”Äe spominju: divlji kesten (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), Å”imÅ”ir (Buxus sempervirens L.), obiÄni grab (Carpinus betulus L.), katalpa (Catalpa bignonioides L.) te rodovi smreka (Picea sp.), duglazija (Pseudo tsuga sp.) i platana (Platanus sp.)
Diversity of wild growing useful ÄiÄarija grassland species (Croatia) ā food and feed
Samonikla flora i fauna nisu u potpunosti iskoriÅ”tene u ljudskoj prehrani. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati terenskih botaniÄkih istraživanja uglavnom zeljastih vrsta i podvrsta suhih mediteranskih travnjaka i Å”umskih rubova podruÄja ÄiÄarije. Tijekom viÅ”e vegetacijskih sezona od proljeÄa do jeseni floristiÄki je istraživano podruÄje Natura 2000 zaÅ”tiÄenih staniÅ”ta (habitat 62A0). U cilju poveÄanja moguÄnosti proizvodnje hrane i raznolikosti poljoprivrednih proizvoda, ovdje je izdvojeno i opisano 106 svojti. Od 32 vrste koje se koriste kao hrana (npr. Artium lappa, Scorzonera hispanica, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Rumex acetosa i dr.), najviÅ”e je samoniklog povrÄa (19 svojti), 9 vrsta se koristi kao samoniklo voÄe i 4 vrste kao baza za izradu piÄa. Od 46 vrsta koje se koriste kao hrana za životinje, veÄina ih spada u porodicu trava (Poaceae), meÄu njima nalazimo 3 vrste koje se koriste kao samoniklo povrÄe (Portulaca oleracea, Trifolium incarnatum i T. aureum) i 3 kao arome (Elymus repens, Melilotus officinalis i Trifolium pratense). TakoÄer meÄu njima nalazimo 8 medonosnih biljaka (npr. Marrubium vulgare, Melilotus officinalis). U kategoriji materijala odnosno tvari nalazimo biljke poput Hyssopus officinalis, Juniperus communis, Salvia officinalis i dr. PoveÄanje proizvodnje hrane od samoniklih biljaka koje nas okružuju, kao i poveÄanje prerade u odreÄene proizvode (npr. zaÄina i dodataka hrani) je moguÄe, pri tome imajuÄi u vidu potrebu zaÅ”tite okoliÅ”a i aktualne klimatske promjene.Wild growing flora and fauna are not fully utilized in human nutrition. This paper presents the results of field botanical research and mainly herbaceous species and subspecies of dry Mediterranean grasslands and forest edges of the ÄiÄarija area. During several vegetation seasons from spring to autumn, the area of Natura 2000 protected habitats (habitat 62A0) was floristically explored. In order to increase the possibility of food production and diversity of agricultural products, 106 taxa have been singled out and described here. Of the 32 species used as food (eg Artium lappa, Scorzonera hispanica, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Rumex acetosa, etc.), most are wild vegetables (19 taxa), 9 taxa are used as wild fruits and 4 taxa as a base for making drinks. Of the 46 species used as animal feed, most belong to the grass family (Poaceae), there are also 3 species used as wild vegetables (Portulaca oleracea, Trifolium incarnatum and T. aureum) and 3 as aromas (Elymus repens, Melilotus officinalis and Trifolium pratense). Among them we also find 8 honey plants (eg Marrubium vulgare, Melilotus officinalis). In the category of materials or substances we find plants such as Hyssopus officinalis, Juniperus communis, Salvia officinalis and others. Increasing food production from wild plants that surround us, as well as increasing processing in certain products (eg spices and food additives) is possible, bearing in mind the need for environmental protection and current climate change
Prva inventarizacija vaskularne flore planine Matokit (Biokovo masiv, Hrvatska)
The vascular flora of Matokit Mt (Biokovo Massif) in southern Croatia was researched in different vegetation periods from 2010-2015, and a total of 604 vascular plant taxa belonging to 86 families and 337 genera were found. The studied area has never been studied in the past and these are the first detailed floristic data about grasslands in different succession stages of Matokit Mt. Collected herbarium specimens (345 sheets) were digitalized and are available at the ZAGR Virtual Herbarium. The most dominant families were legumes (Fabaceae 9.9%), grasses (Poaceae 9.1%), daisies (Asteraceae 7.4%) and mints (Lamiaceae 6.8%). The analysis of life forms shows the dominance of hemicryptophytes (39.9%) and therophytes (26.2%) on Matokit Mt that indicates a high influence of the Mediterranean climate. A total of 36 endangered and 17 invasive plant taxa across the whole studied area were recorded. Endemic are 32 plant taxa (26 endemics in a broader sense and 6 stenoendemics) and they represent new site of Croatian flora. The occurrence of some very rare endemics (Cardamine fialae Fritsch and Erysimum croaticum Polatschek) in the flora of Matokit Mt is of special interest for the national flora.Istraživana je vaskularna flora planine Matokita (Biokovo masiv) u južnoj Hrvatskoj u razliÄitim vegetacijskim razdobljima od 2010.-2015., a pronaÄene su ukupno 604 vaskularne biljne svojte, iz 86 porodica i 337 rodova. ProuÄavano podruÄje nikada nije istraženo u proÅ”losti i ovo su prvi detaljni floristiÄki podaci za travnjake u razliÄitim stadijima zarastanja. Sakupljeni herbarijski uzorci (345 listova) digitalizirani su i dostupni su na ZAGR herbariju on-line (http://herbarium.agr.hr). Dominantne porodice su mahunarke (Fabaceae 9,9%), trave (Poaceae 9,1%), glavoÄike cjevnjaÄe (Asteraceae 7,4%) i usnjaÄe (Lamiaceae 6,8%). Analiza životnih oblika pokazuje da su na planini Matokit dominantni hemikriptofiti (39,9%) i terofiti (26,2%) Å”to ukazuje na veliki utjecaj mediteranske klime. Na istraživanom podruÄju zabilježeno je 36 ugroženih i 17 invazivnih biljnih svojti. Ukupno 32 biljne svojte su endemiÄne (26 endema u Å”irem smislu i 6 stenoendema) i predstavljaju nova nalaziÅ”ta u flori Hrvatske. Pojava nekih vrlo rijetkih endema (Cardamine fialae Fritsch i Erysimum croaticum Polatschek) u flori Matokita od posebnog su interesa za nacionalnu floru
Floristic characteristics of rotational grazing pastures near Puntera (Istria, Croatia
Samonikla vaskularna flora paÅ”njaka istraživana je na lokalitetima obi-teljskog gospodarstva s ovÄarskom proizvodnjom u Punteri u Istri. Tijekom istraživanja 2004. i 2005. godine ustanovljeno je 100 biljaka (91 vrsta i 9 podvrsta) iz 80 rodova i 24 porodice. VeÄina biljaka pripada porodicama Gramineae (19%), Compositae (16%) i Leguminosae (16%). U spektru ži-votnih oblika prevladavaju hemikriptofiti (52%) i terofiti (36%).Autochthonous vascular pasture flora was researched at the locality of a family owned farm breeding sheep, situated near Puntera in Istria, Croatia. During the research in 2004 and 2005, a total of 100 plant taxa (91 species and 9 subspecies) were found. The taxa belonged to 80 genera and 24 families. The most dominant families were: Gramineae (19%), Compositae (16%) and Leguminosae (16%). According to the analysis of life forms, the most numerous were Hemicryptophyta (52%) and Therophyta (36%)
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