Posaconazole-induced Glucocorticoid Deficiency in a Patient with Myelodysplastic syndrome.

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) is a condition that is characterized by a lack of adrenal hormones - cortisol and aldosterone. The most common symptoms are fatigue and lack of energy, weakness, loss of appetite, and increased thirst. Additionally, darkening of the skin can occur. Inmost cases, Addison’s disease has an autoimmune etiology, but in some cases, it can be caused by infections, adrenal hemorrhage, and medications that disrupt the steroidogenesis pathway

Komparativna makrostrukturna analiza pripovjednog diskursa djece urednog jezičnog razvoja i djece s razvojnim jezičnim poremećajem

The aim of this study is to compare the narrative ability of children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and children with typical language development (TLD) using new material for narrative assessment – the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN). Twenty children with DLD and twenty with TLD, mean age 6.6 years, all monolingual speakers of Croatian, participated in the study. Results demonstrated that children with TLD outperform children with DLD at the macrostructure level in both conditions – story generation and retelling. In addition, the type of elicitation was shown to have an impact on narrative production.Cilj je ovog rada usporediti pripovjednu sposobnost djece s razvojnim jezičnim poremećajem (RJP) i djece urednog jezičnoga razvoja (UJR) primjenom novoga materijala za procjenu pripovjedne sposobnosti Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN). Dvadesetero djece s RJP-om i dvadesetero djece urednoga jezičnog razvoja (UJR), prosječne dobi 6,6 godina, jednojezičnih govornika hrvatskog, uključeno je u ispitivanje. Rezultati su pokazali da su djeca s UJR-om značajno uspješnija u strukturiranju priča u oba uvjeta – u pripovijedanju i u prepričavanju – u odnosu na djecu s RJP-om. Analiza pokazuje i utjecaj vrste poticaja pripovijedanja na uspješnost proizvodnje priče

Noćna hipoglikemija – vodeća indikacija za terapiju inzulinskom crpkom u odraslih

The aim was to determine which adult type 1 diabetic patient receiving multiple daily injection therapy is the most appropriate candidate for insulin pump therapy, while taking into consideration limited insulin pump affordability in Croatia. A total of 145 type 1 diabetic patients (52% diagnosed in adult age) were monitored at the Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Center from 2009 to 2014. Twenty-one patients started insulin pump therapy in adulthood (seven men and 14 women, median age 27). Five patients had chronic complications (retinopathy in two, polyneuropathy in one, and both nephropathy and retinopathy in two patients). The median HbA1c at the initiation of pump therapy was 6.95% versus 6.5% after 1 year of pump therapy. Patients were stratified according to indications for insulin pump therapy (frequent and/or severe hypoglycemia, specific lifestyle, having not reached glycemic goals despite adherence/labile diabetes, and preconception). Patients could meet more than one criterion. Initially, the occurrence of hypoglycemia was analyzed by 6-day continuous glucose monitoring, while re-evaluation was done after collecting history data at 1 year ± 3 months. Initially, all patients had a median of 5 hypoglycemias/6 days (30% nocturnal) versus 1 hypoglycemia/6 days (without nocturnal) after 1 year. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test yielded a statistically significant difference in hypoglycemic events, nocturnal hypoglycemia and HbA1c. Patients commencing insulin pump therapy due to hypoglycemia initially had median HbA1c of 6.7% with 7 hypoglycemia/6 days (50% nocturnal). After one year, median HbA1c was 6% with 1 hypoglycemia/6 days (without nocturnal). In conclusion, the main indication for insulin pump therapy in adults is the frequency of hypoglycemia, especially nocturnal ones.Cilj studije bio je istražiti koji su odrasli bolesnici s tipom 1 dijabetesa liječeni s više dnevnih doza inzulina najbolji kandidati za liječenje inzulinskom crpkom, uzimajući u obzir njihovu ograničenu dostupnost u Republici Hrvatskoj. Na Zavodu za endokrinologiju Interne klinike Kliničkoga bolničkog centra Zagreb praćeno je 145 bolesnika s tipom 1 dijabetesa (kod 52% njih je bolest dijagnosticirana u odrasloj dobi) u razdoblju od 2009. do 2014. godine. Kod 21 bolesnika (7 muškaraca i 14 žena, medijan dobi 27 godina) liječenje crpkom započelo je u odrasloj dobi. Petoro bolesnika je imalo kronične komplikacije (dvoje retinopatiju, jedan polineuropatiju, a dvoje je imalo i retinopatiju i neuropatiju). Medijan HbA1c prije započinjanja liječenja inzulinskom crpkom je bio 6,95%, a nakon godine dana terapije crpkom 6,5%. Bolesnici su bili razvrstani prema indikaciji za liječenje crpkom (učestale i/ili teške hipoglikemije, specifičan stil života, nepostizanje željenih ciljeva glikemije unatoč suradljivosti/nestabilan dijabetes te pretkoncepcija). Bolesnici su mogli ispunjavati i više od jedne indikacije. Na početku liječenja učestalost hipoglikemija se analizirala kontinuiranim praćenjem glukoze tijekom 5-6 dana, a reevaluacija je učinjena iz anamnestičkih podataka nakon 1 godine ± 3 mjeseca. Na samom početku liječenja bolesnici su imali 5 hipoglikemija/6 dana (30% noćnih), a nakon godine dana 1 hipoglikemiju/6 dana (bez noćnih). Wilcoxonov signed-rank test pokazao je statistički značajnu razliku u broju i učestalosti noćnih hipoglikemija te u HbA1c. Kod onih bolesnika u kojih je liječenje započelo inzulinskom crpkom s indikacijom hipoglikemije prije crpke medijan HbA1c je bio 6,7% sa 7 hipoglikemija/6 dana (50% noćnih). Nakon godinu dana medijan HbA1c je bio 6% s 1 hipoglikemijom /6 dana (bez noćnih). Kao zaključak, vodeća indikacija za liječenje inzulinskom crpkom u odraslih bolesnika je učestalost hipoglikemija, osobito noćnih

Boron tolerance in wheat roots

One of the consequences of high boron concentrations in soil is the suppression of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots growth. Variability of boron tolerance in wheat genotypes was analysed by germination on filter paper soaked with different concentrations of boric acid (0, 50, 100, 150 mg/l). Observed genotypes showed significant differences in roots length and number at different boron treatments. Genotypes which had very small differences in roots length between the control and treatments are identified as boron tolerant.Redukcija rasta korena pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.) je jedna od posledica prisustva visokih koncentracija bora u zemljištu. Analizirana je varijabilnost genotipova pšenice u pogledu tolerancije korena na visoke koncentracije bora metodom naklijavanja semena na filter hartiji navlaženoj rastvorom borne kiseline koncentracija 0, 50, 100, 150 mg/l. Ispitivani genotipovi su ispoljili značajne razlike u dužini i broju korenčića na različitim tretmanima. Izdvojeni su genotipovi kod kojih je uočena vrlo mala razlika u dužini korenčića između kontrole i tretmana i koji se smatraju tolerantnim na visoke koncentracije bora

Tolerancija 12 NS sorti pšenice na suvišak bora

High concentrations of micronutrient boron may cause significant yield losses in wheat. One of the consequences of excess boron in wheat is root growth suppression. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of root growth suppression during germination in the presence of different concentrations of boric acid (0-control, normal boron supply, 50 (B 50), 100 (B 100) and 150 (B 150) mg H3BO3/l). Twelve wheat cultivars, developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, were included in the analyses. The cultivars demonstrated significant differences with respect to root growth suppression at boron treatments. The genotypes were separated by hierarchical cluster analysis in two distinct phenotypic groups. The roots of cultivars Nevesinjka, Rapsodija, Milijana, Helena and Sonata are boron tolerant, whereas Košuta, Partizanka, Simonida, Kantata, Sofija, Balerina and Pesma are sensitive to excess boron.U koncentraciji višoj od optimalne mikroelement bor može uzrokovati zna- čajne gubitke prinosa pšenice. Jedan od nepovoljnih efekata bora na pšenicu je redukcija rasta korena. Naklijavanjem na filter papiru navlaženom rastvorima H3BO3 koncentracija 0, 50, 100 i 150 mg/l ispitan je stepen redukcije rasta korena kod 12 sorti pšenice poreklom iz Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Utvrđena je značajna varijabilnost ispitivanih sorti u pogledu redukcije rasta korena u prisustvu suviška bora. Hijerarhijskom klaster analizom je izvršeno grupisanje genotipova na osnovu fenotipske sličnosti za dato svojstvo i uočene su dve fenotipske grupe. Sorte Nevesinjka, Rapsodija, Milijana, Helena i Sonata su ispoljile tolerantnost na suvišak bora, dok je korenov sistem sorti Košuta, Partizanka, Simonida, Kantata, Sofija, Balerina i Pesma osetljiv na visoke koncentracije ovog elementa

Jezična i govorna obilježja dječjega pripovjednog diskursa: analiza na mikrostrukturnoj razini

Analizirajući pripovijedanje na mikrostrukturnoj razini, moguće je prikupiti podatke o onim jezičnim elementima pomoću kojih se postiže koherentni diskurs. U skladu s tim, prikupljeni pripovjedni uzorci djece u dobi od šest i deset godina u ovom su radu promatrani u odnosu na četiri jezične i govorne mjere: sintaktičku složenost, gramatičku točnost, verbalnu proizvodnju i govornu tečnost. Provedena neparametrijska statistička analiza upućuje na značajnu razliku samo na varijabli gramatičke točnosti. S obzirom na tako dobivene podatke, pretpostavku ovoga rada – da će djeca u dobi od deset godina brže i tečnije pripovijedati dulje priče temeljeći ih na složenim sintaktičkim strukturama te pri tome imati manje gramatičkih odstupanja u odnosu na djecu u dobi od šest godina – moguće je prihvatiti samo u dijelu koji se odnosi na manji broj gramatičkih odstupanja

Unveiling the mechanisms of breast cancer pathogenesis by proteomics methods

Patogenezu složene i heterogene bolesti kao što je to rak dojke nije moguće u potpunosti razjasniti klasičnim metodološkim pristupima koji su se koristi li posljednjih desetljeća u molekularnoj medicini. Osobito je važno otkriti nove biljege koji bi pomogli u ranoj detekciji bolesti te služili za razvoj ciljane terapije. Dosadašnji rezultati iz područja istraživanja raka dojke u kombinaciji s globalnim metodama istraživanja statusa ekspresije gena i proteina pokazali su kako je u patogenezu raka dojke uključen ljudski hormon rasta (hGH) te mehanizmi autokrine regulacije preko proteina Pax-5. Također je identi fi ciran čitav niz novih potencijalnih biomarkera kao što su to HOXA1, CHOP SH3GLB1, kazein kinaze, p53, aneksin XI, CDC25C, eIF- 4E i MAP kinaze 7, 14-3-3e, galekti n-1, aneksin-5, aneksin-1, LDH-B, GST-pi, akti n, vimenti n, HSP70, CK18, moezin, SH3GLB1, SUB1, SND1 i TRIM28, osteoponti n i osteonekti nBreast cancer is a complex and heterogenic disease. Classical molecular medical approaches cannot be successfully used to completely understand its pathogenesis. In additi on, fi nding new biological markers that would help in early detecti on and creati on of guided and specifi c therapy is crucial for the future breast cancer management. The results of breast cancer research in combinati on with those obtained by large scale methods that examine the expression status of genes and proteins, have pointed to an important molecule, namely the human growth hormone (hGH), as a major player in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. It acts through the autocrine regulati on system where the acti vati on of Pax-5 gene has been recently confi rmed as well. A large number of new biomarkers, like HOXA1, CHOP SH3GLB1, casein kinase, p53, annexin XI, CDC25C, eIF-4E, MAP kinase 7, 14-3-3e, galecti n-1, annexin-5, annexin-1, LDH-B, GST-pi, acti n, vimenti n, HSP70, CK18, moesin, SH3GLB1, SUB1, SND1 i TRIM28, osteoponti n and osteonecti n, have been recently identi fi ed as well

Tolerancija klijanaca pšenice na visoke koncentracije bora

Present in excessive amounts, micronutrient boron may become toxic for plants. The aim of this study was to investigate boron tolerance in seedlings of 12 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes treated with boric acid. Selection criterion was root growth suppression in the presence of boron, which varied between 15.2 (Apache) and 46.3% (Renan). Root lengths on control and root growth suppression on treatments were not correlated. Boron content and dry weight of seedlings varied in vast intervals in all groups on control, as well as on treatments, which is probably caused by different boron tolerance mechanisms. Root growth suppression in genotypes Apache, Trakija and Bezostaja 1 was less than 20% and they may be considered as boron tolerant. Renan, Fundulea 4, Magdalena, Pergamino Gaboto and Donjecka 48 are marked as boron sensitive owing to more than 30% shorter roots on boron treatments. Norin 10/Brevor 14, Radika, Žitarka and Mironovska 808 were medium tolerant to excess boron.Mikroelement bor može imati toksično dejstvo na više biljke ukoliko se u spoljašnjoj sredini nade u visokoj koncentraciji. Cilj rada je bilo ispitivanje tolerancije na bor kod klijanaca 12 genotipova pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.) tretiranih bornom kiselinom. Selekcioni kriterijum je bila redukcija rasta korena u prisustvu bora, koja je varirala između 15,2 (Apache) i 46,3% (Renan). Nije zabeležena korelacija između dužine korenovog sistema na kontroli i redukcije rasta korena na tretmanima. Sadržaj bora i masa suvih klijanaca su varirali u širokim intervalima u svim grupama, i na kontroli i na tretmanima, čemu su verovatno uzrok različiti mehanizmi tolerancije na bor. Kod genotipova Apache, Trakija i Bezostaja 1 je redukcija rasta korena bila manja od 20% i oni bi se mogli smatrati tolerantnim na bor. Renan, Fundulea 4, Magdalena, Pergamino Gaboto i Donjecka 48 su svrstani u grupu osetljivih genotipova. Redukcija rasta korena je u ovoj grupi iznosila preko 30%. Sorte Norin 10/Brevor 14, Radika, Žitarka i Mironovska 808 su bile srednje tolerantne na visoke koncentracije bora

Parametri tolerantnosti klijanaca pšenice na suvišak bora

The aim of the study was to analyze the variability of dry weight and boron content in seedlings of 14 NS wheat cultivars treated with boric acid. The level of boron tolerance of studied cultivars was known from previous research. Significant differences between genotypes in groups (susceptible, medium tolerant, tolerant) were found regarding both analyzed traits and they are probably caused by different boron tolerance mechanisms. Rang of treated genotypes with respect to root growth reduction corresponded well with their rang with respect to dry weight reduction. These results suggest that in further research it might be sufficient to analyze one of those parameters.Ispitana je varijabilnost mase suvih klijanaca i sadržaja bora kod 14 NS sorti pšenice tretiranih bornom kiselinim kod kojih je poznat stepen tolerancije na suvišak bora. Između genotipova unutar grupa (osetljivi, srednje tolerantni i tolerantni) su utvrđene značajne razlike u pogledu analiziranih svojstava, što upućuje na različite mehanizme tolerancije na bor. Saglasnost ranga tretiranih genotipova u pogledu redukcije rasta korena i mase suvih klijanaca navodi na zaključak da bi u daljim istraživanjima bilo dovoljno analizirati ili rast korena ili masu suvih klijanaca

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Potential of Fir (Abies alba Mill.) Honeydew Honey Collected from Gorski kotar (Croatia)

U radu su ispitani antiproliferativni, antimikrobni i antioksidacijski učinci medljikovaca jele (Abies alba Mill.) prikupljenih s planinskog područja Hrvatske (Gorski kotar) a u svrhu potencijalne primjene umjesto standardnih antibiotika i kemoterapeutika. Preživljavanje stanica, annexin V test i protočna citometrijska analiza poslužili su za procjenu antiproliferativnog učinka na indukciju apoptoze i smrti humanih tumorskih staničnih linija: HeLa, MCF-7, SW620, CFPAC-1, MIA PaCa-2 i normalnih diploidnih humanih fibroblasta (BJ). Antimikrobna je aktivnost testirana na različitim sojevima bakterija Staphylococcus i Acinetobacter uporabom difuzijske i mikrodilucijske metode. DPPH˙ testom određena je sposobnost uklanjanja radikala, dok je matematičkim modelima proučavana kinetika inhibicije DPPH˙. Uočen je antiproliferativni učinak na sve ispitivane stanične linije kao i na normalne diploidne fibroblaste (BJ), kolorektalni adenokarcinom (SW620, metastatski) i adenokarcinom epitela dojke (MCF-7, metastatski). Mehanizmi antiproliferativnog učinka uključuju nakupljanje stanica u sub-G1 fazi u svim ispitivanim stanicama te indukciju apoptoze osobito u SW620 i MCF-7 stanicama. Antibakterijski testovi pokazuju da su rezistentni sojevi obaju bakterija, uključujući i multirezistentni soj A. baumannii ATCC® BAA-1605™, bili osjetljivi na sve ispitane uzorke meda. Proučavanjem kinetike uklanjanja radikala dokazano je da antioksidansi prisutni u medu posjeduju različite sposobnosti hvatanja radikala, da reagiraju s njima različitim brzinama i time uzrokuju dva stupnja reakcije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da hrvatski medljikovac ima terapeutski potencijal zbog snažne biološke aktivnosti te može služiti u zaštiti ljudskog zdravlja.The paper examines the antiproliferative, antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of fir (Abies alba Mill.) honeydew honey from mountain region of Croatia (Gorski kotar) as a potential replacement for standard antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. Cell viability, annexin V assay and flow cytometry analysis served to analyse the antiproliferative effect on, apoptosis induction in and cell death of cancer cell lines: HeLa, MCF-7, SW620, CFPAC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and normal diploid human fibroblasts (BJ). Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter strains by agar well diffusion and microdilution assays. The DPPH˙ assay determined the radical scavenging activity, while mathematical models helped to evaluate the kinetic data of DPPH˙ inhibition. Antiproliferative effect on all tested cell lines and the prominent effect on normal diploid human fibroblasts (BJ), colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW620, metastatic) and breast epithelial adenocarcinoma (MCF-7, metastatic) was observable. The mechanisms of antiproliferative effect included accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase in all tested cells and induction of apoptosis in SW620 and MCF-7 cells predominantly. The antibacterial assays showed that antibiotic resistant strains of both bacteria, including multi-resistant strain A. baumannii ATCC® BAA-1605™, were sensitive to all tested honey samples. Radical scavenging assay suggests that antioxidants present in the honey possess different radical suppressing abilities and that they react at different rates with radicals, thereby causing two steps of reaction. The results of the study indicate that Croatian fir honeydew honey has a therapeutic potential due to the strong biological activity and can serve to protect human health