NOVÉ POZNATKY O DEVÍNSKONOVOVESKOM SÚVRSTVÍ (VIEDENSKÁ PANVA, SLOVENSKO)

Coarse-grained sediments of the Devínska Nová Ves Formation (Middle Badenian) are cropping out at the western margin of the Malé Karpaty Mts., between Devínska Nová Ves and Kuchyňa villages. In the studied area, this formation is represented by various lithofacies. The most abundant are breccia, gravel and sand. Less abundant is the presence of shale and coaly shale with lignite seams. In one place, south of the Kuchyňa village, also a presence of volcanic tuff was examined in this formation. The breccia is built by chaotic, nonstratified, mostly angular blocks and debris of granitoid rocks. Less frequent is poorly rounded debris of crystalline schists, vein quartz and quartzite in the breccia. Its matrix is silty sand and represents a material of fossil weathering rind. Locally, the Devínska Nová Ves Fm. is represented by gravel with well rounded pebbles of granitoids, quartzite and crystalline schists in the Marianka village and south of the Lozorno village. All these rock types can be derived from the Tatric units of the Malé Karpaty Mts., but their vertical distribution (MKZ-1 well) show an inverse trend, than awaited from normal stratigraphic superposition. This is an evidence of the existence of a crystalline nappe unit (Bratislava nappe), above the Mesozoic successions (Borinka unit). Most of the sediments were deposited in the lateral debris apron and alluvial fan environments. In the terminal part of the coarse grained formation, a part of the rounded gravel shows reworking by sea waves in the littoral zone, beyond the frontal part of the alluvial fans.Sand represents a very common lithotype in the Devínska Nová Ves Formation, containing also thin intercalations of fine gravel, and 1–2 cm thick interbeds of shale. The sand is genetically related mostly to the distal alluvial sand skirt deposits, but the distal part of them, cross stratified, with reworked pebble trains, clearly show the deposition in littoral environment of alluvial deltas. Shale lithofacies is present only rarely in the Devínska Nová Ves Formation. It is represented by pale greenish grey, rusty variegated noncalcareous clay. It contains an abundant association of palynomorphs, documenting hydrophilous and riparian paleoflora.The shales were accumulated on alluvial interfluve plains, and more distally they transit into similar delta plain facies. The tuff, found south of the Kuchyňa village, is of white and grey white color. It is matrix supported, and consists of clasts and fragments of glass. It is a product of an ash-fall of rhyolite composition. On the tuff`s bedding planes we have found imprints of leaves and lithocarps. This tuff can be probably derived from the Central Slovakian neovolcanic area, from where rhyolite volcanism isknown from the Early Badenian time only, that forces us to consider also to the Lower Badenian age of the basal part of the Devínska Nová Ves Fm., similarly like it is in the Austrian part of the Vienna Basin

Signatures of minor mergers in the Milky Way disc I: The SEGUE stellar sample

It is now known that minor mergers are capable of creating structure in the phase-space distribution of their host galaxy's disc. In order to search for such imprints in the Milky Way, we analyse the SEGUE F/G-dwarf and the Schuster et al. (2006) stellar samples. We find similar features in these two completely independent stellar samples, consistent with the predictions of a Milky Way minor-merger event. We next apply the same analyses to high-resolution, idealised N-body simulations of the interaction between the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and the Milky Way. The energy distributions of stellar particle samples in small spatial regions in the host disc reveal strong variations of structure with position. We find good matches to the observations for models with a mass of Sagittarius' dark matter halo progenitor $\lessapprox 10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$. Thus, we show that this kind of analysis could be used to provide unprecedentedly tight constraints on Sagittarius' orbital parameters, as well as place a lower limit on its mass.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. Revised to reflect accepted versio

Signatures of minor mergers in Milky Way-like disc kinematics: Ringing revisited

By means of N-body simulations we study the response of a galactic disc to a minor merger event. We find that non-self-gravitating, spiral-like features are induced in the thick disc. As we have shown in a previous work, this "ringing" also leaves an imprint in velocity space (the u-v plane) in small spatial regions, such as the solar neighbourhood. As the disc relaxes after the event, clumps in the u-v plane get closer with time, allowing us to estimate the time of impact. In addition to confirming the possibility of this diagnostic, here we show that in a more realistic scenario, the in-fall trajectory of the perturber gives rise to an azimuthal dependence of the structure in phase-space. We also find that the space defined by the energy and angular momentum of stars is a better choice than velocity space, as clumps remain visible even in large local volumes. This makes their observational detection much easier since one need not be restricted to a small spatial volume. We show that information about the time of impact, the mass of the perturber, and its trajectory is stored in the kinematics of disc stars.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures; MNRAS accepted. Revised to reflect final versio

Color Characteristics of Red False Heartwood and Mature Wood of Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) Determining by Different Chromacity Coordinates

Structure of wood can affect intensity of color change in remarkable ways. This article was focused on the analysis of the color changes red false heartwood and mature wood by different methods such as &#916;E* (Total color difference), h* (Hue angle), C*ab (Color saturation) and Sab (Saturation). The aim of this study was to evaluate the color properties of red false heartwood and mature wood by using different chromacity coordinates. Our observations suggested that the density in the absolute dry state was equal between the red false heartwood and mature wood. The biggest difference was in the area of the free water domain, thus from an initial MC value to the fiber saturation point (FSP). The shorter drying time of the red false heartwood samples was caused by their lower initial MC. Due to the different MC, the temperature created a different color intensity of the compared samples. Mature wood samples achieved more saturated color in the drying process than did the samples of red false heartwood

The Effect of Contact-Drying on Physical Properties of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Beech wood is mainly used for furniture, plywood, decorative veneer manufacturing or packaging. Timber or lumber is traditionally dried in kilns by processes often taking several weeks. This research deals with more rapid process called contact-drying process. Drying was performed using the heating plates with a temperature of 160 &deg;C and pressures of 1.0 MPa, 1.4 MPa and 1.8 MPa. The results were compared to conventional warm-air drying. The warm-air drying mode was divided into two phases, with and without free water and bound water in the dried wood. The density of the samples increased remarkably during the contact-drying. The effect of the pressure of the heating plates was substantial. The difference in the average density between the pressure of 1.0 MPa and 1.8 MPa was more than 22 kg&middot;m&minus;3. The pressure of the heating plates affected the process and the resulting change in the sample thickness. The change in the sample thickness was more considerable in the case of the tangential samples. The thickness did not increase significantly after air conditioning. During contact-drying, the hygroscopicity and absorptivity of wood reduced on average by 21.24% and 25%, respectively, compared to warm-air drying

Change in Selected Mechanical Properties of Beech Wood at the Contact Drying

The mechanical properties of wood have remarkable influence on its use in buildings. The improvement of the mechanical properties enables the reduction in the cross-sections of structural elements, particularly the increase in their load. The paper deals with the change in the mechanical properties of beech wood through the process of contact drying. Plate pressures of 1.0, 1.4, and 1.6 MPa at a temperature of 160 &deg;C were used. It was found that contact drying increased the bending strength by more than 30% compared to convection drying. The value of Brinell&rsquo;s hardness measured on the surface of the samples increased by 80 to 98% after contact drying, and the measured values of impact toughness were higher, about 31.1% compared to the samples dried by the convection drying method. As a result of contact drying, the density in the absolutely dry state increased for radial samples by 102.3 kg&middot;m&minus;3 and for tangential samples by 83.1 kg&middot;m&minus;3. The pressure of the plates also had an effect on the change in density

The Influence of Wood Moisture Content on the Processes of Freezing and Heating

In wood processing, wood is exposed to an environmental temperature of less than 0 °C for some time, which mainly occurs during the air drying of wood in the winter months, or when lumber is stored in wood piles outdoors before the kiln drying process. In these cases, the wood freezing process increases the degree of freezing of the wood, subsequently significantly affecting the process of its heating during further processing (for example, in the cutting process). The most common method is heating by humid air, during the hot air drying of wood. We analyzed the temperature profiles on a cross-section of wood and moisture losses due to the freezing process and the size of moisture gradients. We compared theoretical calculations of the time required for defrosting and heating of wood with the experimentally measured values. The results show that the moisture content (MC) of wood has a remarkable effect on the wood freezing process. In samples with an average MC of 35.47%, the temperature drop was faster. After 10 h, the temperatures on the entire cross-section of the samples reached the lowest value of −13.2 °C. In samples with an average initial MC of 81.38%, three stages of temperature reduction in the wood were observed. The temperature dropped and the lowest temperature of −20.11 °C was reached after 24 h. The defrosting and heating process of samples with lower MC was significantly easier. The desired temperature of 65 °C in the middle of the samples was reached in 2 h and 20 min. The total time to defrost and heat the second group of samples (MC &gt; FSP) was 3 h 30 min

Impact of Sawmill Processing on the Yield and Longitudinal Warping of Beech Blanks

This study focused on the impact of the wood sawing pattern on 50 mm thick beech timber, followed by cross-cutting on the 3 m long, 50 × 50 mm beech blanks. The study analyzed two methods of cutting patterns of beech blanks (parallel to the surface of the timber and parallel to the grain fiber of the timber) regarding yield values and the size of longitudinal warping after air-drying. The yield values were higher (from 65.14 to 72.70 %) when producing long beech blanks using the method of sawing parallel to the timber’s axis (B) compared to parallel to the edge of the blank (from 60.38 to 68.40 %). Results showed that a crucial factor for choosing the cutting method (A or B) is the taper of the logs. For blanks with a taper ≥ 1.3 cm.m-1, it is more advantageous in terms of longitudinal warping and yield to use the method of sawing parallel to the timber's axis

The Analysis Effect of Selected Factors on the Shear Strength of Woodbark at Different Wood Species

The bark as a product of the dividing of wood and cork cambium consists of a set of protective layers of cells, which protect the living tissue (cambium) from the external environment and separate the bark from the wood. The structure of bark as a component of a living tree is completely different from wood. This article describes the testing of the adhesion of wood/bark in the longitudinal and tangential anatomical direction during the dormant and growing season on three choice wood species (oak, beech, and spruce). The results show a remarkable influence of the wood species and anatomical direction, as well as period of vegetation (dormant or growing season). All wood species had higher values of shear strength in the longitudinal direction compared to the tangential direction. The highest average values in the longitudinal direction were measured in the dormant period for sessile oak (0.49 MPa) and beech (0.48 MPa). The lowest value of shear strength in the longitudinal direction was measured for spruce (0.36 MPa). During the growing season, the highest average shear strength values were also measured in the longitudinal direction at beech (0.46 MPa) and oak (0.39 MPa). The lowest value of shear strength in the longitudinal direction was measured similarly for spruce (0.26 MPa)

Dimensional Solution for Beds from Wood Composites for the Bariatric Population

The aim of the work was to define a suitable dimensional solution for a single-occupancy bed from wood composites for the adult bariatric population of Slovakia. Current bed dimensions are designed for the adult population for standard human dimensions and weight up to 150 kg. Based on the long-term observation of the development of anthropometric dimensions of the population (secular trend), the height of 95% of the adult male population was defined. Based on the analysis of the bariatric population of Slovakia, regardless of gender, the values of weight, waistline and hipline, and seat width were defined in the years 2020 to 2022. Based on the results, the weight of the bariatric population can be up to 250 kg. New bed dimensions for bariatric respondents were proposed, including bed length according to room dimensions from 220 cm to 240 cm, bed width of 141 cm, and bed height of 55 cm. By adjusting the dimensions of the beds for bariatric respondents, they will be able to move comfortably during rest and sleep. This can prevent many health problems