SELF-TRANSCENDENCE LEADS TO THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Viktor Frankl utemeljitelj logoterapije smatra samonadilaženje ili autotranscedenciju jednu od ključnih čovjekovih vrlina i sposobnosti. Naglašava da čovjek nije instiktivno biće te da je sposoban koristiti razum i donositi odluke. Dalje navodi da je svaki pojedinac odgovoran za svoje postupke te da ima sposobnost birati i izabrati te preispitivati svoje odluke. Jednom njegovom rečenicom bi se mogla definirati autotranscedencija: „Čovjek posjeduje u svakoj životnoj situaciji stanovit djelokrug da premaši pretjesne stege i uvjetovanosti i da nađe nove životne mogućnosti.“ U mnogim biblijskim tekstovima kao i primjerima iz Franklove psihoterapijske prakse nalazimo na fenomen oprosta, primjera autotranscendencije. M. Gandhi kaže; „Slabi ne mogu opraštati. Oprost je odlika velikih.“ Suprotna emocija-mržnje razara čovjekovo vlastito psihičko i duhovno blagostanje te ranjava druge ljude. Ona može biti podloga za nastanak psihosomatskih bolesti i triger za počinjenje najgorih zločina protiv čovjeka i čovječnosti. Prof.dr.sc. Slobodan Lang navodi da se posvetimo razraditi metode dobra a ne proučavati zlo i posljedice istog. U tom smislu, prof.dr.sc. Ivan Urlić psihijatar, u knjizi „Žrtva, osveta i kultura oprosta“ razrađuje proces oprosta te govori da se odvija u nekoliko faza. U tom ozračju završimo s Martinom Grayom: „Opraštaj da oslobodiš u sebi sile ljubavi!“.Viktor Frankl, the founder of logotherapy considered self-transcendence as one of the most important human virtue and ability. He points out that man is not instinctively being and that is capable of using reason and make decisions. He further stated that each individual is responsible for his/her actions and that he/she has the ability to choose and to reconsider his/her decision. Self-transcendence can be defined with this Frankl\u27s qoute: "The man has in any situation a certain scope to exceed too tight discipline and conditioning and to find new possibilities for life." In many biblical texts and examples from Frankl psychotherapeutic practice we find the phenomenon of forgiveness, for example self-transcendence . M. Gandhi said; "The weak can not forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong." The opposite of forgivness is hate. Hatred destroys man\u27s own mental and spiritual well-being and hurts other people. It can be the trigger for the formation of psychosomatic diseases and trigger for committing the worst crimes against man and humanity. Professor Slobodan Lang states that we have to elaborate methods of „good“ and not evil and the consequences thereof. In this view, professor Ivan Urlić psychiatrist, in his book "The sacrifice, revenge and culture of forgiveness" elaborates the process of forgiveness and says that it takes place in several stages. In that light, we finish with Martin Gray: "Forgive so that you unleash the power of love!"

Treatment of venous thromboembolism

Venska tromboembolija je multifaktorska bolest koja obuhvaća duboku vensku trombozu (DVT) i plućnu emboliju (PE). Bolest se očituje pojavom ugruška u dubokim venama te PE ukoliko dođe do otrgnuća tromba koji tada kao embolus putuje do plućnih arterija. Postupak kojim dijagnosticiramo VTE obuhvaća anamnezu, fizikalni pregled, laboratorijske pretrage te slikovne metode. Liječenje VTE sastoji se od primjene antikoagulantnih lijekova, heparina, antagonista vitamina K i zadnjih godina direktnih oralnih antikoagulantnih lijekova (DOAK). Cilj ovog retrospektivnog istraživanja bio je utvrditi mijenja li dostupnost DOAK-a način liječenja DVT-a. Proveli smo istraživanje o načinu liječenja DVT-a u kojem smo uključili sve bolesnike kojima je u tromjesečnom razdoblju od svibnja do srpnja 2015. godine, te u istom razdoblju 2017. godine postavljena dijagnoza DVT u hitnoj službi. Naši rezultati pokazali su da se nakon stavljanja DOAK-a na listu HZZO-a povećala uporaba DOAK-a u s 15% u 2015. godini na 38% u 2017. Također smo pokazali da su se DOAK češće primjenjivali kod mlađih bolesnika te onih koji su liječeni ambulantno. Naše istraživanje pokazalo je da DOAK postupno zamjenjuju varfarin u liječenju DVT, iako je varfarin i dalje najčešće primjenjivani antikoagulans.Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial disease which combines deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The main characteristic of VTE is the presence of clots in the deep veins. If the clot detaches it can block pulmonary arteries and cause PE. Diagnostic approach is based on medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests and medical imaging. VTE can be managed by using anticoagulant therapy such as heparin, vitamin K antagonist and direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate change in the approach to treatment of DVT after increasing availability of DOACs. We have retrospectively analysed patients diagnosed with DVT from May to July 2015 and 2017 at the emergency ward. The results had shown that the usage of DOAC was more common 2017 (38%) comparing to the same period of time in 2015 (15%). DOAC were also more commonly used in younger patients and in those who were treated ambulatory. Despite the fact that DOAC are equally effective and safe as warfarin they did not fully replaced the usage of warfarin

Alimentary Infections during War Conditions: Mostar and Tomislavgrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992–1995

The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of sanitary and epidemiologic measures undertaken in relation to alimentary infections in the military corps of the Croatian Defense Council (Hrvatsko vije}e obrane) and civilian population in Mostar and Tomislavgrad regions during the 1992–1995 War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 25 (4.8%) of soldiers and 7 (7.1%) of non-military personnel were not being granted medical clearance to be employed in the food provision services. We recorded a total of 68 alimentary infections cases in military personnel (with an incidence of 536,2 per 100,000 persons), and 436 in civilian population (573,9 per 100,000 person), without significant difference between them (p=0.647).We did not record any alimentary infection outbreak in the military personnel, while two smaller epidemics of the abdominal typhus were recorded among civilian populations, but without lethal outcomes. The results of this study suggest that even the most basic adherence to the principle of standard sanitary and epidemiologic preventive measures may substantially reduce the probability of alimentary infections outbreaks, even in the highly disruptive, warfare environment

Iz Hrvatskog Sabora

Poštovane kolegice i kolege, Znamo da Zakon o zdravstvenoj zaštiti regulira zdravstveni sustav: od načela i mjera zdravstvene zaštite, načina provođenja, organizacije i sadržaja do nositelja zdravstvene zaštite kao i načina obavljanja i nadzora zdravstvene djelatnosti; stoga, će mo se ovaj put «baviti» upravo ovim zakonom čije su izmjene i dopune upravo sada u saborskoj proceduri. Kao i regulativa svake druge djelatnosti i postojeći zakon o zdravstvenoj zaštiti traži dopune i preinake – jednom riječju poboljšanja a s ciljem osiguranja zdravstvene skrbi visoke kakvoće u skladu s zacrtanom i prihvaćenom zdravstvenom politikom. Mi trebamo stajati iza svih nastojanja očuvanja i unaprjeđenja zdravlja te produljenja života stanovništva sa težištem na kvaliteti života. Pravo na kontinuiranu zdravstvenu zaštitu i zdravstvenu uslugu standardizirane kvalitete sukladnu prihvaćenim stručnim standardima i etičkim načelima je pravo svakog hrvatskog čovjeka. U nastavku ovog obraćanja prikazat ćemo temeljne izmjene i dopune postojećeg zakona

ZDRAVA LJUBAV KAO PREDUVJET ZDRAVLJA

Ne postoji jedinstvena definicija ljubavi, ali je nedvojbeno da je zdrava ljubav preduvjet fizičkog, psihičkog, duhovnog i socijalnog blagostanja, a samim time i preduvjet cjelokupnog zdravlja. S logoterapeutskog stajališta postoje tri dimenzije ljubavi. Fizička komponenta predstavlja nagonsku komponentu koja brine o produženju ljudske vrste, psihička komponenta je prisutna u fazi zaljubljenosti u kojoj vidimo bitne odlike i ljudske osobe te se približavamo psihičkoj unutrašnjosti osobe u koju smo zaljubljeni. Ljubav se u potpunosti očituje kroz duhovnu dimenziju koja svjesno uključuje tjelesnu i psihičku komponentu, te se kroz duhovnu dimenziji odlučujemo za osobu u svim njenim dimenzijama radi njezine jedinstvenosti. Pošto je logoterapijska premisa da je duhovna komponenta čovjeka neovisna o bolestima te nužno zdrava, tako je i ljubav doživljena kroz duhovnu dimenziju nužno zdrava. Duhovna dimenzija ljubavi je svevremenska i neovisna je o svim promjenama fizičke i psihičke komponente koje se protokom vremena događaju (Vukoja i sur 2015). Logoterapija ističe pet izrazitih opasnosti za ljubav. Ubrzan životni tempo ističe pitanje gubitka životne orijentacije i smisla uz stvaranje osjećaja egzistencijalnopg vakuuma, uz zatvoren krug tempa kao uzročnika ovisnosti i neuspjela pokušaja samoizlječenja. Pretjerana seksualiziranost je neuspio pokušaj ostvarivanja ljubavi kroz samo fizičku dimenziju što dovodi do psihičke patnje i izoliranosti duha. Dosada je jedan od vodećih faktora u razvoju psihičkih smetnji i destrukcije ljubavi, jer čovjek u besmislu provodi vrijeme. Negativističan stav i pretjerano potenciranje negativnog u potpunosti prožimlje čovjeka izravno ugrožavajući sve njegove dimenzije. Manipulirana nemoć nastaje produbljivanjem egzistencijalnog vakuuma u potpun gubitak osjećaja za vrijednosti općenito. Frankl navodi da je ljubav je najvažniji element za očuvanje ljudskog života i najvažniji element za očuvanje zdravlja u psihohigijenskom smislu (podrazumijevajući trodimenzionalnost ljudske osobe).There is no single definition of love, but it is certain that a healthy love prerequisite physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being, and therefore precondition of overall health. With logotherapeutic standpoint there are three dimensions of love. The physical component is an innate component that takes care of the extension of the human species, psychological component is present in the phase of falling in love in which we see the essential features of the human person and are approaching the psychological interior of the people in that we love. Love is fully reflected in the spiritual dimension that consciously includes physical and psychological component, and the spiritual dimension decides for a person in all its dimensions because of his/her uniqueness. Logotherapeutic premise is that the spiritual component of human is independent of disease and necessarily healthy, so it is the love experienced with spiritual dimension necessarily healthy. The spiritual dimension of love is timeless and independent of any changes in the physical and psychological components that can occur over time. Logotherapy points out five distinct dangers for love. A fast lifestyle stresses the question of loss of life orientation and the creation of a sense of meaning existence vacuum, with closed circuit tempo as the cause of addiction and failed attempts of self-healing. Excessive sexuality is a failed attempt to make love through a physical dimension, which leads to mental suffering and isolation of the spirit. Boredom is one of the leading factors in the development of mental disturbances and destruction of love, because of spending time in absurdity. Negativistic attitude and over-emphasizing the negative fully impregnates man directly threatening all its dimensions. Manipulated impotence occurs deepening existential vacuum in the complete loss of the sense of values generally. Frankl said that love is the most important element for the preservation of human life and the most important element for health in psychohygienic terms (assuming the three-dimensionality of the human person)

The Role of the Health Care System in Protecting the Future of the Nation During the War: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The aggression of the Serbian-dominated Yugoslav Army in 1992 caused the dissolution of the health care system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was unable to sustain itself without external assistance. In 1992 and early 1993, this assistance was provided almost exclusively by the Republic of Croatia, whereas the involvement of the international community began to materialize only from late 1993 onwards. Through the heroic efforts of local communities, Croatia and the international community secured the most basic level of health care for segments of the population in parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina not occupied by Serbian forces. However, the preservation and improvement of that health care system since the end of the war has been almost completely dependent on the support of the international community. A country cannot secure its own future if it is not able to establish and maintain a basic social system, such as the health care system. Therefore, the international community\u27s efforts to preserve the independent state of Bosnia and Herzegovina might fail unless a serious reevaluation of current approaches does not occur

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS MEDICINE IN FUNCTION OF HEALTH

Kronične bolesti i oboljenja trenutno su najveći zdravstveni problem svjetske populacije. Uz navedeno, veliki problem za opće zdravlje populacije predstavlja izuzetno slaba svijest ljudi o negativnim učincima koje izazivaju loše životne navike te smanjena tjelesna aktivnost. Pojava kroničnih bolesti, osobito kardiovaskularnih te malignih oboljenja, direktno su povezani s tjelesnom neaktivnosti pojedinca. Većina ljudi svjesna je činjenice da tjelesna neaktivnost i sedentarni način života dovode do nakupljanja masnog tkiva i pretilosti. No, vrlo je važno upoznati populaciju i sa ostalim, vrlo ključnim pozitivnim učincima tjelesne aktivnosti na zdravstveni status pojedinca.Chronic diseases are currently the biggest health issue among the world population. In addition, the major problem for general health of population is the awareness of people about the negative sideeffects that are caused by bad habits and low level of physical activity. Chronic diseases, especially those of cardiovascular nature and cancers are directly related with the lack of physical activity. The major part of population is aware of negative effects of physical inactivity on weight gain that can lead to obesity. Beside that, it is of crucial importance to educate people about the benefits of regular physical activity, not only for a weight control but prevention of different chronic diseases

The Effects of Basic Fitness Parameters on the Implementation of Specific Military Activities

The aim of this study was to determine whether basic fitness parameters have the impact on the specific military activity such as walking 18km with 25kg of load. The members of Croatian Armed Forces (30 soldiers) were tested before the beginning of the training program. The study has included variables for the assessment of muscular endurance: push- -ups in 2 minutes, sit-ups in 2 minutes, maximum number of pull-ups before dropping from the bar, bench press with 70% of body weight-max number of repetitions, max number of squats for 60 seconds, then the variables for the assessment of aerobic capacity: the 3200m run and relative oxygen uptake using the direct method of measurement on a treadmill as well as the variable for the assessment of body fat (body fat %). As the criterion variable, it was used the 18 km walking with 25 kg of load. The results of the regression analysis have shown statistically significant relation of predictor variables with the criterion variable. The two variables, 3200m run and RVO2 had a significant Beta coefficient. Based on the obtained results it could be concluded that great cardio-respiratory endurance has a much larger impact on the walking length of 18 km with a load of 25kg than other fitness parameters

Slaughter traits, carcass measures and meat quality of Merinolandschaf lambs in Croatia

The aim of this study was to determine influence of sex on slaughter traits, carcass measures and pH value and muscle tissue colour as important indicators of lamb meat quality. For that purpose a total of 52 Merinolandschaf lambs (24 male and 28 female) at average age of about 100 days were slaughtered. The average lambs live weight at slaughter was 37.09 kg, considering that male lambs had statistically significant (P <0.05) higher live weight at slaughter than female (38.95 kg : 35.64 kg). Determined average carcass weight of 19.16 kg was almost equal in both sexes. Statistically significantly higher dressing percentage (P<0.001) was determined in female (53.57%) than in male (49.46%) lambs. The basic features of the investigated female and male Merinolandschaf lambs are: expressed measures of length, depth and width compared to most lambs of Croatian indigenous breeds. The uniformity of male and female lamb carcases was determined based on the investigated meat quality indicators (pH value and colour). Statistically significant differences were determined only for L* and a* value of colour parameter (M. semitendinosus) whose values were significantly higher in male lambs (P<0.001; P<0.01)