44 research outputs found
Importance and role of natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases
U obitelj natriuretiÄkih peptida pripadaju atrijski natriuretiÄki peptid (ANP), B-tip natriuretiÄki peptid (BNP), C-tip natriuretiÄki peptid (CNP), ādendroaspisā natriuretiÄki peptid (DNP), urodilatin, urogvanilin i gvanilin. U ovom radu pozornost je usmjerena na ANP i BNP. NatriuretiÄke peptide ANP i BNP izluÄuju miociti srca, a u manjoj se koliÄini izluÄuju i u drugim organima. Podražaj koji izaziva izluÄivanje natriuretiÄkih peptida je istezanje miocita srca poveÄanim volumenom krvi u atrijima i ventrikulima. NatriuretiÄki peptidi djeluju na bubreg, gdje poveÄavaju izluÄivanje natrija i vode. Imaju dilatacijski uÄinak na arterije i vene. TakoÄer inhibitorno djeluju na sustav renin-angiotenzin-aldosteron i simpatiÄki živÄani sustav. Ukupni cilj njihovog djelovanja je smanjiti volumen cirkulirajuÄe krvi i perifernu vaskularnu rezistenciju, Å”to smanjuje i istezanje miocita srca. Koncentracija natriuretiÄkih peptida u krvi poveÄana je u kardiovaskularnim bolestima. Mjerenje koncentracije natriuretiÄkih peptida ima dijagnostiÄku važnost u razluÄivanju dispneje kardijalnog uzroka od drugih oblika dispneje. Koncentracija natriuretiÄkih peptida u krvi povezana je s napredovanjem i prognozom zatajenja srca, valvularnih bolesti srca, kao i prognozom bolesnika nakon infarkta miokarda. Predlaže se i prilagodba terapije zatajenja srca prema razini natriuretiÄkih peptida. Novija istraživanja dokazuju vrijednost mjerenja natriuretiÄkih peptida u opÄoj populaciji jer su njihove viÅ”e, ali joÅ” uvijek normalne vrijednosti, povezane s poveÄanim rizikom za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Na isti se naÄin mogu probirati i ljudi koji veÄ boluju od bolesti srca i krvnih žila, ali
nemaju simptome. NatriuretiÄki peptidi imaju ulogu i u lijeÄenju zatajenja srca i hipertenzije. Rekombinantne molekule humanih natriuretiÄkih peptida u nekim su zemljama odobrene za primjenu. Lijekovi koji inhibiraju neutralnu endopeptidazu, enzim koji razgraÄuje natriuretiÄke peptide, u kombinaciji s inhibitorima angiotenzin-konvertirajuÄeg enzima ili antagonistima AT1 receptora za angiotenzin II (engl. AT1 receptor blockers - ARBs) prouÄavaju se u studijama i usporeÄuju sa standardnom terapijom zatajenja srca i hipertenzije. U tijeku su istraživanja lijeka LCZ696, kombiniranog inhibitora neutralne endopeptidaze i ARBs, koji uz odliÄan antihipertenzivni uÄinak ne pokazuje izražene nuspojave svojih prethodnika.Members of the natriuretic peptide family are atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP), urodilatin, uroguanylin and guanylin. The main subjects of this paper are ANP and BNP. ANP and BNP are released from cardiomyocytes, and also in smaller amounts from other organs. Myocardial stretching, caused by increased blood volume in heart chambers, is the main stimulus for natriuretic peptide release. Natriuretic peptides increase renal sodium and water excretion. They also dilate arteries and veins. Natriuretic peptides antagonize renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system. Their main goal is to decrease blood volume and peripheral vascular resistance, what helps to reduce myocardial stretching. In cardiovascular diseases there is a high concentration of natriuretic peptides in blood. Measurement of natriuretic peptide concentration in
blood helps physicians to distinguish cardiac and noncardiac dyspnea and to make the right diagnosis. Natriuretic peptide concentration in blood is related to the progression and prognosis of heart failure, valvular heart disease and also to the prognosis after myocardial infarction. Some authors recommend natriuretic peptide-guided treatment of heart failure.
The latest studies show the value of the natriuretic peptide concentration measurement in general population. Higher concentrations, but still under the threshold, are connected to the increased cardiovascular risk. This test would also be useful to find those who already have cardiovascular disease, but are still asymptomatic. Natiuretic peptides also have a role in treatment of heart failure and hypertension. Recombinant human natriuretic peptides have already been approved for use in some countries. Drugs which inhibit neutral endopeptidase, the natriuretic peptide-degrading enzyme, combined with
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs), are studied and compared to standard heart failure and hypertension treatment. Research about new drug LCZ696, the combined inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase and ARBs, is in progress. LCZ696 has great antihypertensive effect without side effects related to the use of other neutral endopeptidase inhibitors
Bibliography of works by Agneza Szabo, Ph.D.
Bibliografija radova hrvatske povjesniÄarke Agneze Szabo obuhvaÄa sve njezine radove (autorske i uredniÄke knjige, udžbenike i skripta, poglavlja u knjigama, znanstvene i druge vrste radova u Äasopisima i zbornicima sa skupova), zakljuÄno s 2016. godinom.The bibliography of works by the Croatian historian Agneza Szabo includes all of her works (books she authored or edited, textbooks and lecture notes, chapters in books, scientific papers and other works in journals and conventions proceedings) as of 2016
Bibliograhy of works about Andrija Å tampar and his age
Bibliografija ukljuÄuje radove o Andriji Å tamparu i njegovim suvremenicima, kao i radove o stanju u javnom zdravstvu i medicini, posebice medicini rada, u Å tamparovo doba. Uz radove objavljene u Äasopisima i zbornicima sa znanstvenih skupova, donose se i poglavlja u knjigama te knjige u cjelini.This bibliography encompasses works about Andrija Å tampar and his contemporaries, as well as works about the conditions in public health and medicine, especially occupational medicine, in Å tampar\u27s age. Along with works published in journals and proceedings from scientific conventions, this bibliography includes book chapters and books as wholes
Contribution of Corpus Linguistics to Modern Lexicography
Korpusna lingvistika zauzela je nezamjenjivo mjesto u suvremenoj leksikografskoj praksi. U ovome radu rijeÄ je o korpusima, posebice raÄunalnim korpusima, jeziÄnim tehnologijama i alatima, te o primjeni korpusne lingvistike, osobito u suvremenoj leksikografiji. Posebno je poglavlje posveÄeno korpusnoj lingvistici u Hrvatskoj, njezinim poÄetcima, ali i suvremenim projektima i postignuÄima.Corpus linguistics has taken an irreplaceable position in modern lexicographic practice. This paper deals with the corpora, in particular computer corpora, language technologies and tools, and the application of corpus linguistics, especially in modern lexicography. A special chapter is dedicated to corpus linguistics in Croatia, its inception, as well as contemporary projects and achievements
Bibliography of works by Agneza Szabo, Ph.D.
Bibliografija radova hrvatske povjesniÄarke Agneze Szabo obuhvaÄa sve njezine radove (autorske i uredniÄke knjige, udžbenike i skripta, poglavlja u knjigama, znanstvene i druge vrste radova u Äasopisima i zbornicima sa skupova), zakljuÄno s 2016. godinom.The bibliography of works by the Croatian historian Agneza Szabo includes all of her works (books she authored or edited, textbooks and lecture notes, chapters in books, scientific papers and other works in journals and conventions proceedings) as of 2016
Four colors problem
U ovom Älanku pokuÅ”at Äemo približiti
uÄenicima srednjih Å”kola jedan od zanimljivijih problema u
matematici, opisati njegovu povijest, navesti neke
matematiÄare koji su zaslužni za dokazivanje ovog teorema
te na nekoliko primjera demonstrirati primjenu
teorema o Äetiri boje.In this article we present to high-school students one of the most
interesting mathematical problems, tell its history, mention some
mathematical significant for its proving, and give some examples of 4-coloring