Orange Peel Extract Mediated Silver Nanofluid as Corrosion Inhibitor for X80 Steel in Simulated Oilfield Scale Dissolver

Silver nanofluid was prepared by bio-reduction reaction between orange peels extracts (OPE) and silver nitrate and characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Colloidal nanoparticles of sizes between 40 – 50 nm and spherical shape were obtained. The nanofluid was applied as anticorrosion additive to inhibit corrosion of X80 steel in simulated oilfield scale dissolver solution (1.0 M HCl) at various temperatures. The nanofluid (OPE-AgNPs) was 98.9 % and 84.3 % efficient at 30 ºC and 60 oC respectively as determined by weight loss measurement. In comparison with OPE, OPE-AgNPs shows better corrosion inhibition and higher resistance to thermal degradation. Some kinetic and thermodynamic models were used to characterize the inhibition process. OPE-AgNPs could be optimized and used as alternative anticorrosion additive for scale dissolution liquor in the industry

Spectroscopy in Oilfield Corrosion Monitoring and Inhibition

Interaction of surfaces of metals and alloys with electromagnetic radiation produces several interesting phenomena, including electronic transitions, molecular rotation and vibration within bonds, polarisation, or photochemical reactions. Spectroscopy is an essential tool that provides some structural information about these interactions. In corrosion, spectroscopic techniques are often employed for mechanistic determinations, especially in the presence of corrosion inhibitors. In this chapter, we have examined some spectroscopic methods that are useful for corrosion monitoring and corrosion inhibition. More emphasis is placed on sample preparation, output parameters, interpretation of results and possible deductions/predictions, which could be made from obtained results than on the underlying principles and mode of equipment operation. Attempts are also made to critically examine some literature, hence readers (early career researchers) and experts in the field will find this chapter very resourceful and a ready reference material

Corrosion inhibition by amitriptyline and amitriptyline based formulations for steels in simulated pickling and acidizing media

Investigation into amitriptyline (AMI) as a corrosion inhibitor for different grades of pipeline steels (X80, J55 and mild steel) was undertaken under static conditions in 3.7% and 15% HCl solution and temperature ranging from 30 to 90 °C using electrochemical, gravimetric, and surface screening approaches. AMI is adjudged an effective steel corrosion inhibitor in 3.7% HCl at 30 °C but poor inhibitor at high temperatures and in 15% HCl. The values of enthalpy of adsorption and variation of protection efficacy with temperature point to physical interaction between AMI molecules and the steel surface. Evidence of formation of adsorbed film on the specimen surface has been found via Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) screening. Various formulations consisting of AMI as the base component and other additives (potassium iodide, glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine) have been developed. The formulations were tested at different experimental conditions and inhibition performance compared with that of a commercial corrosion inhibitor. Results obtained show that AMI based formulations can compete favorably with commercial inhibitor even at severe conditions. In 15% HCl solution and temperature of 90 °C, inhibition efficiency of 94% is recorded for commercial inhibitor and 92% for AMI based formulation. AMI based formulation can be utilized as effective corrosion inhibitor in oil and gas production

Adsorptive Fe-nanoparticles mediated by Musa sapientum peels extract as anticorrosion additive for aqueous oilfield descaling solution

Banana (Musa sapientum) peel is a biodegradable and non-toxic agricultural waste that can be readily and sustainably obtained. Its ethanolic extract was used to mediate the synthesis of nanoparticles using iron (ii) chloride (FeCl2) and investigated as anticorrosive additive for mild steel in laboratory simulated descaling solution. The essence was check if improved efficiency could be obtained by reducing the crude extract to nanoparticles. Thermogravmetric and electrocanalytical techniques were used to determine the inhibition efficiency. Results reveal that 10 mL Musa sapientum extract-iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe-MSE Nano) was 94.4% efficient compared to the crude extract which was 72.1% efficient in 1.0 M HCl corroding solution at 30 °C. Charge transfer resistance from impedance measurements increases as concentration of nanoparticle per volume of descaling solution increases owing to adsorption of molecules of the composites. Fe-MSE Nano acts as mixed type inhibitor, predominantly inhibiting anodic oxidation reaction. The steel surface was found to be morphologically smoother than without the Fe-MSE Nano as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption behavior of the major compound in the peels extract, bananadine, was modeled theoretically on Fe(1 1 1) surface using density functional theory. Theoretical parameters such as frontier molecular orbitals energies, rigid adsorption energy, and deformation energy were calculated. Fukui analysis and Forcite neutron scattering analysis were also performed and nitrogen site (N8) is predicted as the active adsorption site. Based on results obtained, Fe-MSE Nano would make a more efficient anticorrosive additive for steel in oilfield descaling solution than the crude extract. Keywords: Banana peels extract, Agro-waste, Bananadine, Adsorption, Acid was

Inhibition of X80 steel corrosion in oilfield acidizing environment using 3-(2-chloro-5,6-dihydrobenzo[b][1]benzazepin-11-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine and its blends

Corrosion of X80 steel was investigated in simulated acidizing fluids containing different concentrations of 3-(2-chloro-5,6-dihydrobenzo[b][1]benzazepin-11-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine (3CDA) at different temperatures using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. X80 steel used corroded at higher rates in the uninhibited acid solution than in the inhibited solutions. Inhibition efficiency of 3CDA was highest (88.8%) at 10 × 10−5 M concentration at 30 °C and decreased as temperature decreased. Some intensifiers were added to improve the inhibition efficiency at high temperatures. The 3CDA acts as mixed type inhibitor and adsorbs spontaneously on steel surface by physical and chemical interactive forces. Techniques such as FTIR, SEM and EDAX were also employed to characterize the potential of 3CDA as efficient steel corrosion inhibitor for oilfield application. Keywords: Corrosion inhibitor, Adsorption, EIS, SEM/EDAX, FTI

Corrosion inhibition characteristics of 2-[(E)-[5-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pentylidene]amino]oxyethanamine on steel in simulated oilfield acidizing solution

The purpose of this research is to investigate the viability and efficiency of 2-[(E)-[5-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pentylidene]amino]oxyethanamine (MPPOE) as a non-toxic organic inhibitor of mild steel corrosion in oilfield acidizing environment at simulated surface to down-hole temperatures (30–90 °C). Electrochemical and weight loss techniques were used in the study while the well acidizing solution was simulated using 1 M and 15% HCl. Maximum inhibition efficiency of 94.4% and 80.4% were obtained with 10 × 10−5 M MPPOE in 1 M and 15% respectively at 30 °C. Effectiveness of MPPOE decreased with increase in temperature and increased with increase in its concentration. Addition of synergistic compounds such as glutathione to MPPOE increased the efficiency from 88% and 74% to 94% and 85% in 1 M and 15% HCl respectively at 90 °C with higher efficiencies at lower temperatures. UV–Visible spectroscopy revealed possibility of complex surface film formation due to adsorption of MPPOE on MS surface. Adsorption of MPPOE, as best approximated by Langmuir adsorption model, was spontaneous and exothermic, involving both physical and chemical interactive forces. EIS measurement revealed that the corrosion was controlled by charge transfer process. PDP measurements showed that MPPOE acted as a mixed type inhibitor. Inhibition efficiency values obtained from the different techniques were comparable. SEM micrographs of MS surface reveal reduction of MS surface pitting in the presence of MPPOE. Blends of MPPOE can be applied as alternative steel corrosion inhibitor in petroleum production. Keywords: Adsorption, Charge transfer resistance, Corrosion inhibitor, EIS, SE

Electrochemical and anticorrosion properties of 5-hydroxytryptophan on mild steel in a simulated well-acidizing fluid

The anticorrosion effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on mild steel (MS) was investigated by gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. Two different concentrations (1 M and 15%) of hydrochloric acid were used to simulate well-acidizing fluid. The results show that 10 × 10−5 M 5-HTP is 96.1% efficient in 1 M HCl and 78.1% efficient in 15% HCl at 30 °C. The efficiency decreases as the temperature increases, reaching 66.9% and 39.8% in 1 M and 15% HCl, respectively, at 90 °C. When 5-HTP is blended with potassium iodide and glutathione, the efficiency increases to above 88% and 78% in 1 M and 15% HCl, respectively, at 90 °C. Increasing the 5-HTP concentration decreases the double-layer capacitance and increases the charge-transfer resistance. 5-HTP behaves as a mixed‐type corrosion inhibitor with anodic predominance and is spontaneously adsorbed on the steel surface. Physisorption of 5-HTP is best described by the Langmuir adsorption model and is also exothermic with a resultant decrease in the entropy of the bulk solution. The results of SEM/EDAX, FTIR and UV–VIS studies support the hypothesis that a protective film of 5-HTP forms on MS facilitated by O, N and CC functionalities

Anti-Corrosive Properties of an Effective Guar Gum Grafted 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropanesulfonic Acid (GG-AMPS) Coating on Copper in a 3.5% NaCl Solution

Guar gum grafted 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (GG-AMPS) was synthesized using guar gum and AMPS as the base ingredients. The corrosion inhibition of copper was studied using weight loss, electrochemical, and surface characterization methods in a 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. Studies including weight loss were done at different acid concentrations, different inhibitor concentrations, different temperatures, and different immersion times. The weight loss studies showed the good performance of GG-AMPS at a 600 mg/L concentration. This concentration was further used as the optimum concentration for all of the studies. The efficiency decreased with the rise in temperature and at higher concentrations of acidic media. However, the efficiency of the inhibition increased with the additional immersion time. Electrochemical methods including impedance and polarization were employed to calculate the inhibition efficiency. Both of the techniques exhibited a good inhibition by GG-APMS at a 600 mg/L concentration. Surface studies were conducted using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. The surface studies showed smooth surfaces in the presence of GG-AMPS and rough surfaces in its absence. The adsorption type of GG-AMPS on the surface of the copper followed the Langmuir adsorption model