A dataset of molluscan fauna sampled in river estuaries of medium and small size river in Kyushu island, Japan

Many studies have evaluated the ecological integrity of large-scale estuaries of continental rivers using biotic indicators such as fish, phytoplankton and benthic communities. However, few studies have focused on the river estuaries of small and medium rivers. Molluscan fauna data in large estuaries or in the estuaries of large rivers have been collected by the The National Census on River Environments (conducted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) or National Survey on the Natural Environment (conducted by the Ministry of Environment). On the other hand, molluscan fauna of small and medium rivers are managed by local governments and have rarely been investigated. This paper provides basic information on the molluscan fauna of 70 rivers in Kyushu, Japan, collected with the aim of conserving estuaries of small and medium rivers. In total, 37 families, 82 species and 21,827 individuals were collected. The data are all accessible from the document "A dataset of shellfish fauna sampled in estuaries of medium and small rivers in Kyushu, Japan (http://ipt.pensoft.net/resource.do?r=shellfishes_in_kyushu)". According to the Red Data Book published by the Japanese Ministry of Environment in 2018, 3 species were determined as Critically endangered and Endangered, 6 species were determined as Vulnerable and 13 species were determined as Near Threatened. The proportions of individuals classified as Critically endangered and Endangered from the total number of individuals were extremely low, but the proportions of Near Threatened individuals were high. Our results indicate that the risk of molluscan extinction in small- and medium-sized river estuaries in Kyushu is high and that immediate conservation is necessary

『厳島宝前和歌』『厳島社奉納和歌』 校注

I annotate two different waka poems dedicated to Itsukushima Shrine. The first one is the poems written supposedly in 1568 by fourteen people including one aristocrat, Masanori Asukai, This waka poem was dedicated to Itsukushima Shrine on his way to Kyoto. The second one is the poem written by thirty-six people including the Ex-Prime Minister Hideyoshi Toyotomi. It was dedicated to the shrine on their way to the Kyushu Front in March. 1587

Investigating the Influence of Various Stormwater Runoff Control Facilities on Runoff Control Efficiency in a Small Catchment Area

Urbanization causes an increase in the flood discharge because of the infiltration capacity. Furthermore, extreme precipitation events have been an increasing concern for many regions worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different outflow control facilities on runoff reduction in a small watershed. We focused on the soil-improvement technology and rainwater tanks as outflow control facilities and conducted a runoff calculation using a rainfall event of a magnitude that is likely to occur once in a hundred years. The calculation showed that the soil-improvement technology reduced runoff during long-term continuous rainfall, whereas in a concentrated short-term rainfall event, a significant difference in the runoff reduction effect between rainfall tanks of various volumes was observed. Since effective countermeasures for runoff reduction differ depending on the rainfall distribution pattern, we suggested both facilities for storing initial rainfall and initiating countermeasures for penetration improvement over the long term

Characteristics and Controlling Factors of the Drought Runoff Coefficient

Increasing water demand due to population growth, economic development, and changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change are likely to alter the duration and magnitude of droughts. Understanding the relationship between low-flow conditions and controlling factors relative to the magnitude of a drought is important for establishing sustainable water resource management based on changes in future drought risk. This study demonstrates the relationship between low-flow and controlling factors under different severities of drought. I calculated the drought runoff coefficient for six types of occurrence probability, using past observation data of annual total discharge and precipitation in the Japanese archipelago, where multiple climate zones exist. Furthermore, I investigated the pattern of change in the drought runoff coefficient in accordance with the probability of occurrence of drought, and relationships among the coefficient and geological, land use, and topographical factors. The drought runoff coefficient for multiple drought magnitudes exhibited three behaviors, corresponding to the pattern of precipitation. Results from a generalized linear model (GLM) revealed that the controlling factors differed depending on the magnitude of the drought. During high-frequency droughts, the drought runoff coefficient was influenced by geological and vegetation factors, whereas land use and topographical factors influenced the drought runoff coefficient during low-frequency droughts. These differences were caused by differences in runoff, which dominated stream discharge, depending on the magnitude of the drought. Therefore, for effective water resource management, estimation of the volume of drought runoff needs to consider the pattern of precipitation, geology, land use, and topography

Countermeasures against floods that exceed design levels based on topographical and historical analyses of the September 2015 Kinu River flooding

Study region: The Kinu River basin receiving serious damage in September 2015 because of the heavy rainfall disaster that hit the districts of Kanto and Tohoku in Japan. Study focus: This paper provides future flood risk management for floods that exceed design levels (FEDL) based on past flood control systems and land use considering the natural topography in the area that was inundated by flood water from the Kinu River. New hydrological insights for the region: The results of the literature research reveal flood management methods for preventing inundation of the city of Mitsukaido, such as drainage using a discontinuous embankment and a low-lying backswamp. In addition, the areas inundated by this flood were mainly those around a high-altitude natural levee, and residential land in the backland lowland area was developed after the Meiji period (1868–1912). Furthermore, a field survey revealed that many of these flood management systems are not functioning completely because of artificial modification. Identifying locations of potential flooding in areas of low population density is necessary as a countermeasure against FEDL. It is also important to recognize microtopography such as natural levees or backswamps, to induce land use based on the different flood risks of these topographies, and to utilize historical flood control systems as countermeasures against FEDL. Keywords: Flood management, Land use, Natural levee, Landform classification map, Traditional knowledg

Database of fish fauna in a highly urbanised river (Tsurumi River Basin, Kanagawa, Japan)

Urbanisation has facilitated changes in the hydrological cycle, sediment dynamics and habitat loss and it has had a tremendous impact on river ecosystems. Moreover, the invasion of non-native species reduces the number of native species with the progress of urbanisation, thereby resulting in the homogenisation of fish fauna and significant decrease in diversity. However, the effects of urbanisation on fish fauna vary depending on the region, degree of urbanisation and number of years since the construction of the city. Hence, it is necessary to collect information on how fish fauna changes due to urbanisation in different regions. The target site of the present study is the Tsurumi River, of which approximately 85% of the basin is urbanised and many of the river channels have been affected by straightening and concrete channelling. Monitoring of biota has been conducted mainly in downstream areas; however, data on fish fauna in upstream areas and tributaries of the river, which have been substantially affected by urbanisation, are lacking.Surveys were conducted at 71 sites in the Tsurumi River Basin during summers and winters, focusing on river channels that have been straightened or converted to concrete channels due to urbanisation. As a result of this investigation, 10 families, 28 species and 9,335 individuals were collected. Some of the fish collected included rare species, such as Tanakia lanceolata, Lefua echigonia and Pseudobagrus tokiensis, indicating that, even in rivers that have been severely impacted by human activities, there are still rare indigenous species living there, albeit in limited numbers. In addition, Misgurnus sp. (clade B2), Micropterus salmoides, Lepomis macrochirus and Poecilia reticulata were confirmed to be non-native species. Misgurnus sp. (clade B2) was widespread; however, populations of carnivorous non-native alien species were small. The data are all accessible from the document “database_fish_urban_tsurumi” (https://ipt.pensoft.net/manage/resource?r=database_fish_urban_tsurumi)

The effect of repeated photographic identification and time delay on the accuracy of the final photographic identification and the rating of memory

In the historically well-krrown case of Teiyirr Jiken (the case of imperial Bank), eyewitnesses were presented with a large number of photos repeatedly, during a six-month investigation, before they finally identified a suspect. In this paper, by partially modelling their study on the investigation after Teigiu liken, the authors examine the possibly negative effect of repeated photo identification (RPI) and time delay on memory for a face, and subjects' ratings of the state of memory and confidence. Undergraduates participated in a staged event followed by a delay with or without RPI, and then the final photo identification. The results showed a cumulative effect of RPI and time delay. In particular, subjects with RPI were less accurate in the final photo identification, and their ratings of the state Of memory and confidence were less calibrated to accuracy

Database of summer fish fauna sampled in river estuaries in the southern part of the Boso Peninsula, Japan

River estuaries provide various ecosystem services, such as nutrient circulation, climate change mitigation, habitats, and coastal defense. Information on the various taxonomic groups is collected from large-scale estuaries; however, few studies have focused on river estuaries of small and medium-sized rivers. In particular, information on river estuaries in peninsulas and islands with complex marine environments is lacking.This paper provides basic information on fish fauna in the southern part of the Boso Peninsula, Japan. The Boso peninsula is located at the northernmost point of where the warm current (Kuroshio) reaches and is considered to have highly endemic fish fauna. In total, 28 families, 51 species, and 2,908 individuals were collected from the 27 river estuaries. The data are all accessible from the document “database_fish_estuary_boso (http://ipt.pensoft.net/manage/resource.do?r=database_fish_estuary_boso)”. Further, Sicyopterus japonicus and Microphis brachyurus, which appear in estuaries that are influenced by the Kuroshio, were confirmed. However, these species were confirmed in few of the rivers studied, highlighting the importance of habitat conservation