23 research outputs found

    O uso de nicotina em pacientes com esquizofrenia avaliado pelo Questionário de Tolerância de Fagerström: uma análise descritiva em uma amostra brasileira

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    OBJECTIVE: This is a descriptive study to determine smoking prevalence rates in a convenience sample of patients with schizophrenia and to describe clinical/demographic variables for nicotine use in this population. METHOD: Patients with schizophrenia were consecutively invited to answer a standard clinical/demographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on smoking habits (Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire). RESULTS: Eighty-three patients were interviewed. The smoking rate was 57.8% (n = 48). Male (68.8%) patients smoked more than females did (31.3%; p = 0.081). Compared to patients who smoked at the time of disease onset, those who only started smoking after disease onset had a lower mean age at the time of disease onset [24 years old (SD = ± 6.8) vs.19 years old (SD = ± 3.9; p = 0.041)]. Patients who preferred high-nicotine content cigarettes (p 8). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia in our convenience sample smoked in a higher rate compared to the general population in Brazil. Smoking patients were heavy smokers evaluated by the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire.OBJETIVO: Este é um estudo descritivo para determinar os índices de prevalência de tabagismo em uma amostra de conveniência de pacientes com esquizofrenia e para descrever variáveis clínicas/demográficas para o uso de nicotina nesta população. MÉTODO: Pacientes com esquizofrenia foram convidados de forma consecutiva a responder a um questionário clínico/demográfico padrão e a um questionário sobre tabagismo (Questionário de Tolerância de Fagerstrom). RESULTADOS: Oitenta e três pacientes foram entrevistados. O índice de tabagismo foi de 57,8% (n = 48). Pacientes masculinos (68,8%) fumaram mais do que os femininos (31,3%; p = 0,081). Em comparação com pacientes que fumavam no momento do início da doença, aqueles que somente começaram a fumar após o início da doença tiveram uma idade média de começo da doença menor [24 anos de idade (DP = ± 6,8) vs.19 anos de idade (DP = ± 3,9; p = 0,041)]. Pacientes que preferiam cigarros com alto conteúdo de nicotina (p 8). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com esquizofrenia em nossa amostra de conveniência tiveram índices mais elevados de tabagismo em comparação com a população geral do Brasil. Pacientes fumadores eram fumadores pesados segundo a avaliação do Questionário de Tolerância de Fagerstrom.Brazilian Psychiatry AssociationUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Psychiatry DepartmentUNIFESP, Psychiatry DepartmentSciEL

    Saúde mental dos imigrantes coreanos em São Paulo, Brasil

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    This study investigated the frequency of lifetime mental disorders among Korean immigrants in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Snowball sampling with multiple focuses was used to recruit Korean immigrants older than 18 years and living in São Paulo. A total of 324 Korean immigrants were selected and their mental status was evaluated using a structured interview, namely the Portuguese or the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1. The diagnoses of mental disorders were made according to the ICD-10. The frequency of any lifetime psychiatric disorder was 41.9%. The frequencies of main disorders were: anxiety disorder, 13% (post-traumatic stress disorder, 9.6%); mood disorder, 8.6%; somatoform disorders, 7.4%; dissociative disorder, 4.9%; psychotic disorder, 4.3%; eating disorder, 0.6%; any substance (tobacco, alcohol, drugs) use disorder, 23.1%. The frequency of any psychiatric disorder except alcohol and tobacco use disorders was 26.2%. Korean immigrants have more psychiatric disorders than the Korean population in Korea, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder, and almost the same rate as the Brazilian population. Mental health authorities should promote a healthier integration and the development of culturally sensitive mental health programs for Korean immigrants.Este estudo verificou a freqüência de transtornos psiquiátricos em uma comunidade de imigrantes coreanos na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. A amostragem snowball com vários focos foi utilizada para contatar os imigrantes coreanos, acima de 18 anos e residentes em São Paulo. Foram selecionados 324 sujeitos, cuja saúde mental foi avaliada por meio de uma entrevista estruturada, Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1, nas versões em português e coreano. Foi utilizado o critério de diagnóstico CID-10. A freqüência de algum diagnóstico psiquiátrico na vida foi de 41,9%. As freqüências de principais diagnósticos na vida foram: transtornos de ansiedade, 13% (transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, 9,6%); transtornos do humor, 8,6%; transtornos somatoformes, 7,4%; transtornos dissociativos, 4,9%; transtornos psicóticos, 4,3%; transtornos alimentares, 0,6%; transtornos decorrentes de substâncias (álcool, tabaco ou drogas), 23,1%. A freqüência de diagnósticos psiquiátricos na vida, excluindo-se os decorrentes de álcool e tabaco, foi de 26,2%. Os imigrantes coreanos apresentam mais transtornos psiquiátricos do que a população coreana na Coréia, especialmente transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, e uma taxa semelhante à encontrada na população brasileira. As autoridades de saúde mental devem promover uma integração mais saudável por meio de programas culturalmente sensíveis aos imigrantes coreanos.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PsquiatriaUNIFESP, Depto. de PsquiatriaSciEL

    Decision support system for the diagnosis of schizophrenia disorders

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    Clinical decision support systems are useful tools for assisting physicians to diagnose complex illnesses. Schizophrenia is a complex, heterogeneous and incapacitating mental disorder that should be detected as early as possible to avoid a most serious outcome. These artificial intelligence systems might be useful in the early detection of schizophrenia disorder. The objective of the present study was to describe the development of such a clinical decision support system for the diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SADDESQ). The development of this system is described in four stages: knowledge acquisition, knowledge organization, the development of a computer-assisted model, and the evaluation of the system's performance. The knowledge was extracted from an expert through open interviews. These interviews aimed to explore the expert's diagnostic decision-making process for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. A graph methodology was employed to identify the elements involved in the reasoning process. Knowledge was first organized and modeled by means of algorithms and then transferred to a computational model created by the covering approach. The performance assessment involved the comparison of the diagnoses of 38 clinical vignettes between an expert and the SADDESQ. The results showed a relatively low rate of misclassification (18-34%) and a good performance by SADDESQ in the diagnosis of schizophrenia, with an accuracy of 66-82%. The accuracy was higher when schizophreniform disorder was considered as the presence of schizophrenia disorder. Although these results are preliminary, the SADDESQ has exhibited a satisfactory performance, which needs to be further evaluated within a clinical setting.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PsiquiatriaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Informática MédicaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PsiquiatriaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Informática MédicaSciEL
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