Effect of water harvesting methods, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on leaf length of different date palm (phoenix d-) varieties

field experiment was conducted to study the effects of water harvesting methods, NP - fertilizer rate and variety on leaf length of date palm plants over a period of 32 months (May 2004- December 2006). The trial was sited at the Date palm Research Sub-station of the Nigerian Institute for Oil palm Research (NIFOR) Dutse (11o 50’N, 09o 25’E) in the Sudan Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. The treatments consisted of six water harvesting methods (standard 30cm radius basin, single side pit, double side pits, perimeter square basin, side square basin and double square basin). Six NP-fertilizer rates (control, which is zero fertilizer level, 20g N + 10g P, 40g N + 20g P, 60g N + 30g P, 80g N + 40g P and 100g N + 50g P) and six date palm varieties (Palm 300, Tirgal, Dan Mali, Deglet Noor, Shuwarin C and Shuwarin B) arranged in a Latin square design. Two plants per experimental plot were sampled for the measurement of leaf length, given a total of 72 plants. Results from this study revealed that double square basin, the control, the perimeter square basin and side square basin methods proved more effective in enhancing more soil moisture and produced longer leaves. The application of NP- fertilizer at the rates of 80- 100g N and 40- 50g P/ plant to young date plant of about three years significantly enhanced leaf length. Deglet Noor and Dan Mali produced longer leaves and are likely to be more productive. The combination of either double square basin or the control or the perimeter square basin or side square basin water harvesting method treatments, with 80- 100g N and 40- 50g P/ plant and either Deglet Noor or Dan Mali may be recommended for better date palm production within the Sudan ecological zone of Nigeria where this experiment was conducted, following further studies

Effect of water harvesting methods, nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer and variety on leaf tissue n, and p, and soil moisture content of date palm (phonix dactylifera l.)

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of water harvesting methods, Nitrogen- Phosphorus fertilizer rate and variety on leaf tissue N, and P, and soil moisture content of date palm plants over a period of 32 months (May 2004- December 2006). The trial was sited at the Date palm Research Sub-station of the Nigerian Institute for Oil palm Research (NIFOR) Dutse (11o 50’N, 09o 25’E) in the Sudan Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. The treatments consisted of six water harvesting methods (standard 30cm radius basin, single side pit, double side pits, perimeter square basin, side square basin and double square basin). Six NP-fertilizer rates (control, which is zero level fertilizer, 20g N + 10g P, 40g N + 20g P, 60g N + 30g P, 80g N + 40g P and 100g N + 50g P) and six date palm varieties (Palm 300, Tirgal, Dan Mali, Deglet Noor, Shuwarin C and Shuwarin B) arranged in a Latin square design. Two plants per experimental plot were sampled for plant tissue N, and P analysis, and soil moisture evaluation giving a total of 72 plants. Results from this study revealed that double square basin and double side pits proved more effective in enhancing more soil moisture and promoted plant tissue P. The application of NP- fertilizer at the rates of 80- 100g N and 40- 50g P/ plant significantly enhanced plant tissue N and P. Deglet Noor and Dan Mali out performed other varieties in terms of soil moisture exploitation and are safely recommended for better date palm production especially within the Sudan ecological zone of Nigeria where this experiment was conducted

Effect of water harvesting methods, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rate on number of leaves of different date palm (phoenix d-) varieties

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of water harvesting methods, NP - fertilizer rate on leaf number of some young date palm plants over a period of 32 months (May 2004- December 2006).The trial was sited at the Date palm Research Sub-station of the Nigerian Institute for Oil palm Research (NIFOR) Dutse (11o50’N, 09o25’E) in the Sudan savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. The treatments consisted of six water harvesting methods (standard 30cm radius basin, single side pit, double side pits, perimeter square basin, side square basin and double square basin). Six NP-fertilizer rates (control which is zero level fertilizer, 20g N + 10g P, 40g N + 20g P, 60g N + 30g P, 80g N + 40g P and 100g N + 50g P) and six date palm varieties (Palm 300, Tirgal, Dan Mali, Deglet Noor, Shuwarin C and Shuwarin B) arranged in a Latin square design. Two plants per experimental plot were sampled for plant leaf number, giving a total of 72 plants. Results from this study revealed that the effects due of varying water harvesting methods were not significant on leaf number. The effects due to varying NP-fertilizer rates were also not significant on leaf number. A three year experiment was not long enough to cause pronounced effects. Deglet Noor and Dan Mali significantly recorded more leaf number while Shuwarin B, Tirgal and Palm 300 recorded the lowest leaf number. Application of NP- fertilizer at rates 80- 100g N and 40- 50g P/ plant/year on a three year Deglet Noor or Dan Mali date palm variety will enhance plant leaf number and yield and may be recommended for better date palm production, within the Sudan ecological zone of Nigeria where this experiment was conducted, following further studies

Limb Revascularization of Peripheral Artery Disease in the Developing Countries: Earliest 1‑Year Experience from Northwestern Nigeria

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to present the preliminary audit and challenges of earliest cases of balloon angioplasty from Northwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: We present our first 25 cases of peripheral angioplasty in Northwestern Nigeria. The clinical diagnosis of peripheral artery disease was confirmed with Doppler ultrasound and angiography. Angioplasty was done either through femoral or brachial artery approaches. The patients were monitored for minimum of 6 months with serial clinical and Doppler ultrasound examinations. Results: Our patients consist of 19 males and 6 females. Their ages ranged from 20 to 80 years with a mean of 54 ± 17.5 years. There were 13 hypertensive and 15 diabetic patients while 5 patients have co-morbidities of diabetes and Hypertension. Although femoral antegrade route is the common access for angioplasty (14 out of 25), seven patients who were treated through the left brachial artery, six of them had either Type C or D aortoiliac disease in addition to distal lesions. At follow-up, 36% had limb amputation while one patient died a day after the procedure. Out of nine patients who had amputation, six are diabetic. Conclusion: Although more than half of them had improved blood flow with healing ischemic ulcers and reducing claudications, still substantial number of our patients often present late with severe peripheral artery disease. As a result, we had to resort to cumbersome arterial access and high amputation rate

Solid state synthesis and characterization of pyrazole and pyrazolates complexes of Cobalt (II) ions

There were two ways used to synthesized cobalt (II) complexes of pyrazole by solid state. The first route involved direct reaction of the appropriate cobalt (II) acetate with pyrazole and pyrazolium chloride to form bispyrazole cobalt(II) salts, [(HPz)2CoCl2]. This was further ground in the second route with a two equivalents of a base (KOH) to make polymeric cobalt (II) pyrazolate [Co(Pz)2]. In all the synthesis above the ratio of ligand to cobalt (II) acetate was 2:1. All the cobalt (II) complexes were found to be of different colour from the starting materials and were characterized using solubility test, which showed that the complexes have poor solubility in most of the solvents used except in dimethylsulfoxide where they were soluble and the molar conductivity measurements of the complexes have low values (ranging from 6.44-6.45Ω-1cm2mol-1) which showed that they are non-electrolytes. The decomposition temperature showed that all the complexes have relatively low decomposition temperatures (93°C- 95°C). Characterization of the complexes via infrared analysis confirmed the coordination of metal with the ligand through pyridine-nitrogen and deprotonated-nitrogen in the range of 435.93cm-1 Co-N bonds and 406.99cm-1Co –N (for the route A and B respectively). The magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out at room temperature and the effective magnetic moment values for all the complexes further confirmed complexation of the metal (II) ions with the ligand and also indicates that the cobalt (II) complexes are paramagnetic. The plot of absorbance against mole fraction in each case gives a curve with maximum absorbance corresponding to the ligand mole fraction used in calculating the number of coordinated ligands and 1:2 metal-ligand ratios were obtained in all the complexes. Keywords:  Mechanochemical, Pyrazole, Pyrazolate, Grinding, Mechanochemical Elimination

The Structure of United Nations and Its Mandate: A Review

The creating of United Nations is to keep global security and International peace. The United Nations Charter outlined detailed guidelines for resolving International disputes and foreshadowed the potential of the UN providing collective security. The United Nations has six organs: the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and Secretariat United. There are fifteen specialised agencies, four linked organisations as well as three convention secretariats and two United Nations trust funds affiliated with the United Nations. This paper systematically reviews and examines the structure of United Nations and its mandate within the framework of International relations. finally, the study found that the structure of United Nations has contributed a lot regarding to International security and peace, however, there is need for the notion behind veto power to be restructured due to the interest of fulfilling the Council's purpose and goals

Properties and Applications of the Type I Half-logistic Nadarajah-Haghighi Distribution

A new three-parameter distribution called the type I half-logistic Nadarajah-Haghighi (T IHL N H ) is proposed. We discussed some important mathematical and statistical properties of the new model such as an explicit form of its r th moment, mean deviations, quantile function, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves. The Shannon entropy and Renyi entropy are computed, the expression for the Kullback-Leibler divergence measure is provided. The model parameters estimation was approached by the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), and the information matrix is obtained. The finite sample properties of the MLEs are investigated numerically by simulation studies; by examining the bias and mean square error of the estimators, and the results was satisfactory. We used two real data applications to demonstrate the superior performance of the T IHL N H in terms of fit over some other existing lifetime models

Improvement of land administration system in Nigeria: a blockchain technology review

Land administration has a significant influence on the development, economy, and civil society, and is one of the modern society's supports. Land administration systems are made up of textual records that specify rights and/or information, as well as geographical records that define the scope of those rights and/or information. This study seeks to review the application of blockchain in the land administration in Nigeria. To achieve the above aim the objectives were; 1) To review the Land Administration system in Nigeria. 2) To review the blockchain techniques. This study adopted secondary source of data collection as methodology. Insufficient land administration model that could promote long-term land management development, data recording, database administration, and well-trained staffs are among the challenges facing land administration in Nigeria. These challenges are as a result of in effective land administration system, improper data record and data base, etc. By using a blockchain, almost 85% of the land administration problems in Nigeria will be solved, due to the presence of efficiency and transparency elements as well as chain title (transaction history. Transaction history that includes parcel numbers (unique identifiers), persons legal and natural identification number can be store. Also, transaction rules can be implemented as well as checking the transaction validity, blockchain technology could be the best solution of the land administration problems in Nigeria

Youtube Usage and Youth Netizens' Behaviors: a Correlational Study

Recent advances in technology have resulted in over-dependence on social media for communication purposes. With the emergence of various social media platforms, youths have become increasingly active users of social media and are driven to surf online information. As such, youths are susceptible to the influence of social media. Therefore, this research aims to determine the relationship between Youtube usage and youth netizens' behaviors in the Malaysian context. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from a sample of 132 youth netizens in Damansara, Kuala Lumpur. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation at an alpha (α) level of ≤ 0.05 via the Statistical Parkage for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The relationship was measured based on Youtube access, purpose, motivations, and interests, lifestyle, self-personality, and communication skills. The findings showed a significant positive relationship between Youtube usage and youth netizens' behaviors (r = .711, k < 0.05). It was envisaged that this study will advance our understanding of how Youtube videos influence youth behaviors