Estrategias de manejo y control de Rama Negra en sistemas de producción

Esta maleza se ha convertido en un serio problema para la producción de nuestra zona y gran parte de la región agrícola de nuestro país. Conocerla y actuar en momentos adecuados es la estrategia que se debe tener en cuenta para su control.EEA BarrowFil: Istilart, Carolina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Gigón, Ramón. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; Argentin

¿Cuánto paga una maleza por ser resistente a un herbicida?

La resistencia a herbicidas suele tener un costo energético para las malezas. Esto se traduce en una menor producción de semillas comparado a las plantas susceptibles. El conocimiento de estos aspectos ecológicos permite diseñar estrategias de manejo donde se favorezcan las plantas susceptibles a expensas de las resistentes.EEA BarrowFil: Yanniccari, Marcos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Gigón, Ramón. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Istilart, Carolina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Chacra Experimental Integrada Barrow; Argentin

La siembra asociada de pasturas con trigo

Con el resurgir de la ganadería se recupera una práctica que fuera muy difundida en los sistemas mixtos de la regiónEEA BarrowFil: Forjan, Horacio Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Istilart, Carolina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Integrada Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Manso, Marina Lucrecia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; Argentin

Cambios de las comunidades de malezas como consecuencia de las rotaciones de cultivos

La rotación de cultivos es una práctica agronómica clave para prevenir y evitar la aparición de malezas resistentes y tolerantes a herbicidasEEA BarrowFil: Istilart, Carolina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Forjan, Horacio Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Manso, Marina Lucrecia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Yanniccari, Marcos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; Argentin

La evolución del ryegrass resistente a glifosato en la región

El ryegrass resistente a glifosato constituye una de las malezas difíciles en la producción de cereales de invierno. La genética de las plantas resistentes juega un rol crucial en la evolución de la resistencia, por lo tanto su conocimiento conduce al diseño de estrategias de manejo racional.EEA BarrowFil: Yanniccari, Marcos Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Istilart, Carolina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Gigón, Ramón. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow; Argentin

Glyphosate resistance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from Argentina

In Argentina, glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide. A population of perennial ryegrass, subjected to two glyphosate applications per year during twelve years, was putatively identified as glyphosate-resistant based on the poor control achieved at commercial glyphosate doses. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the sensitivity to glyphosate of the offspring of the putatively resistant population. A susceptible population was included as control to assess germination, chlorophyll content, survival, and shikimic acid concentration under different glyphosate treatments. After glyphosate treatment, the germination percentage and plumule growth were significantly higher in the putatively resistant population compared to the susceptible one. Relative to the non-treated control, resistant seedlings did not show differences in chlorophyll content 7d and 10d post-application regardless of glyphosate treatments. In the resistant plants, a 10.8-fold greater dose of glyphosate was necessary to match the control efficiency on the susceptible ones. At 30d post-application, 40% of the resistant plants that were severely injured at 15 days started re-growth regardless of glyphosate dose. Leaf laminae of susceptible plants accumulated significantly higher shikimic acid compared to the resistant plants at 72 h post-application.EEA BarrowFil: Yanniccari, Marcos Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Istilart, Carolina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Chacra Experimental Integrada Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Gimenez, Daniel Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin

Glyphosate effects on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence responses of two Lolium perenne L. biotypes with differential herbicide sensitivity

Despite the extensive use of glyphosate, how it alters the physiology and metabolism of plants is still unclear. Photosynthesis is not regarded to be a primary inhibitory target of glyphosate, but it has been reported to be affected by this herbicide. The aim of the current research was to determine the effects of glyphosate on the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis by comparing glyphosate-susceptible and glyphosate-resistant Lolium perenne biotypes. After glyphosate treatment, accumulation of reduced carbohydrates occurred before a decrease in gas exchange. Stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation were reduced earlier than chlorophyll fluorescence and the amount of chlorophyll in susceptible plants. In the glyphosate-resistant biotype, stomatal conductance was the only parameter slightly affected only 5 days post-application. In susceptible plants, the initial glyphosate effects on gas exchange could be a response to a feedback regulation of photosynthesis. Since the herbicide affects actively growing tissues regardless of the inhibition of photosynthesis, the demand of assimilates decreased and consequently induced an accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves. We concluded that stomatal conductance could be a very sensitive parameter to assess both the susceptibility/resistance to glyphosate before the phytotoxic symptoms become evident.EEA BarrowFil: Yanniccari, Marcos Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Tambussi, Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Istilart, Carolina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Chacra Experimental Integrada Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin

Effects of glyphosate on the movement of assimilates of two Lolium perenne L. populations with differential herbicide sensitivity

Glyphosate applications trigger the depletion of aromatic amino acid pools and the decrease of photosynthesis that results in changes in carbon metabolism. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of glyphosate on the export of 14C from 14C-glucose to the main sinks, by comparing a glyphosate-resistant Lolium perenne population with a susceptible one. Untreated plants of the two populations grown in hydroponics were labeled with 14C-glucose applied at the youngest expanded leaf at the tillering stage. Similar 14C-glucose absorption and 14C distribution patterns were recorded in both populations. In another experiment, half of the plants of each population were treated with glyphosate, whereas the other half was sprayed with water (controls). Glucose absorption did not vary under glyphosate treatment, regardless of the sensitivity of each population to the herbicide. However, the translocation of 14C and its distribution patterns were significantly affected by glyphosate within 1 day in the susceptible population. The treated susceptible plants showed 57% higher 14C retention at the labeled area than their controls. The lower 14C movement significantly affected the unexpanded leaves and the apical meristem on the labeled tiller. Moreover, the 14C released from roots was significantly decreased by glyphosate only in the susceptible plants. Glyphosate did not influence leaf absorption, translocation, or release of 14C-labeled glucose plus radiolabeled metabolites in the resistant population.EEA BarrowFil: Yanniccari, Marcos Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Istilart, Carolina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Chacra Experimental Integrada Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Gimenez, Daniel Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin

Inheritance of glyphosate resistance in Lolium perenne and hybrids with Lolium multiflorum

Glyphosate-resistant Lolium species have been selected in weed communities where glyphosate is the herbicide used almost exclusively for weed control. The rate of evolution of herbicide resistance is highly influenced by the mating system and the inheritance type. Given the relevance of Lolium spp. as major weeds of winter cereal crops, it is important to know the basis of how they inherit glyphosate resistance. During three years of testing, we studied Lolium perenne plants from a glyphosate-resistant population in Argentina. Plants with different glyphosate sensitivity were forced to self-fertilize and breed. In addition, inter-specific hybridizations were obtained using glyphosate-susceptible Lolium multiflorum and glyphosate-resistant L. perenne. Moderately resistant L. perenne plants, when selfed, produced offspring in three phenotype classes: susceptible, moderately resistant and highly resistant plants in a 1:2:1 ratio, respectively. When moderately glyphosate-resistant plants and susceptible ones were crossed, the offspring showed the same parental phenotypes in a 1:1 ratio. In crosses between highly resistant plants with susceptible individuals, all offspring showed moderate resistance, while crosses of susceptible plants produced 100% glyphosate-susceptible individuals. Glyphosate resistance therefore appears to be controlled by a single locus with incomplete dominance and maternal effects are unlikely to play a major role. Moreover, glyphosate resistance was inherited in hybrids between susceptible L. multiflorum and resistant L. perenne with a similar type of inheritance pattern as that indicated above. Considering these cross-pollinated species, glyphosate resistance may be transmitted not only among plants of the same species but also to related species such as L. multiflorum.EEA BarrowFil: Yanniccari, Marcos Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Istilart, Carolina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Chacra Experimental Integrada Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Gimenez, Daniel Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; Argentin

Glyphosate resistance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is associated with a fitness penalty

The net selection effect of herbicides on herbicide-resistance traits in weeds is conditioned by the fitness benefits and costs associated with resistance alleles. Fitness costs play an important evolutionary role preventing the fixation of adaptive alleles and contributing to the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms within populations. Glyphosate is widely used in world agriculture, which has led to the evolution of widespread glyphosate resistance in many weed species. The fitness of glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible perennial ryegrass plants selected from within a single population were studied in two field experiments conducted during 2011 and 2012 under different soil water availability. Glyphosate-resistant plants showed a reduction in height of 12 and 16%, leaf blade area of 16 and 33%, shoot biomass of 45 and 55%, seed number of 33 and 53%, and total seed mass of 16 and 5% compared to glyphosate-susceptible plants in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The reduction in seed number per plant resulted in a 40% fitness cost associated with the glyphosate-resistance trait in perennial ryegrass. Fitness costs of glyphosate-resistant plants were expressed under both conditions of water availability. These results could be useful for designing management strategies and exploiting the reduced glyphosate-resistant perennial ryegrass fitness in the absence of glyphosate selection.EEA PergaminoFil: Yanniccari, Marcos Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Vila Aiub, Martin Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina. University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology. Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative; AustraliaFil: Istilart, Carolina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Chacra Experimental Integrada Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Acciaresi, Horacio Abel.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Ana M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin