Wilsonian renormalization group analysis of nonrelativistic three-body systems without introducing dimerons

Low-energy effective field theory describing a nonrelativistic three-body system is analyzed in the Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) method. No effective auxiliary field (dimeron) that corresponds to two-body propagation is introduced. The Efimov effect is expected in the case of an infinite two-body scattering length, and is believed to be related to the limit cycle behavior in the three-body renormalization group equations (RGEs). If the one-loop property of the RGEs for the nonrelativistic system without the dimeron field, which is essential in deriving RGEs in the two-body sector, persists in the three-body sector, it appears to prevent the emergence of limit cycle behavior. We explain how the multi-loop diagrams contribute in the three-body sector without contradicting the one-loop property of the RGEs, and derive the correct RGEs, which lead to the limit cycle behavior. The Efimov parameter, $s_{0}$, is obtained within a few percent error in the leading orders. We also remark on the correct use of the dimeron formulation. We find rich RG-flow structure in the three-body sector. In particular, a novel nontrivial fixed point of the three-body couplings is found when the two-body interactions are absent. We also find, on the two-body nontrivial fixed point, the limit cycle is realized as a loop of finite size in the space of three-body coupling constants when terms with derivatives are included.Comment: 19 pages, 28 figures, one section added with three figure

Multigenic System Controlling Viral Systemic Infection Determined by the Interactions Between Cucumber mosaic virus Genes and Quantitative Trait Loci of Soybean Cultivars

Soybean 'Harosoy' is resistant to Cucumber mosaic virus soybean strain C (CMV-SC) and susceptible to CMV-S strain D (CMV-SD). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Northern hybridization, we characterized the Harosoy resistance and found that CMV-SC did not spread systemically but was restricted to the inoculated leaves in Harosoy. Harosoy resistance was not controlled by either a dominant or recessive single gene. To dissect this system controlling long-distance movement of CMV in soybean, we constructed infectious cDNA clones of CMV-SC and CMV-SD. Using these constructs and the chimeric RNAs, we demonstrated that two viral components were required for systemic infection by the virus. The region including the entire 2b gene and the 5' region of RNA3 (mainly the 5' untranslated region) together were required. By quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using an F2 population and the F3 families derived from Harosoy and susceptible 'Nemashirazu', we also showed that at least three QTLs affected systemic infection of CMV in soybean. Our study on Harosoy resistance to CMV-SC revealed an interesting mechanism, in which multiple host and viral genes coordinately controlled viral systemic infection

補助場を用いない非相対論的３体系のWilson流くりこみ群を用いた解析

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Wilsonian renormalization group analysis of nonrelativistic three-body systems without introducing auxiliary fields

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Multicenter prospective observational study to clarify the current status and clinical outcome in Japanese patients who have an indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) (TRANSITION JAPAN‐ICD/WCD study): Rationale and design of a prospective, multicenter, observational, comparative study

Abstract Background Despite the positive impact of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCDs) on prognosis, their implantation is often withheld especially in Japanese heart failure patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) who have not experienced ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) for uncertain reasons. Recent advancements in heart failure (HF) medications have significantly improved the prognosis for HFrEF. Given this context, a critical reassessment of the treatment and prognosis of ICDs and WCDs is essential, as it has the potential to reshape awareness and treatment strategies for these patients. Methods We are initiating a prospective multicenter observational study for HFrEF patients eligible for ICD in primary and secondary prevention, and WCD, regardless of device use, including all consenting patients. Study subjects are to be enrolled from 31 participant hospitals located throughout Japan from April 1, 2023, to December 31, 2024, and each will be followed up for 1 year or more. The planned sample size is 651 cases. The primary endpoint is the rate of cardiac implantable electronic device implementation. Other endpoints include the incidence of VT/VF and sudden death, all‐cause mortality, and HF hospitalization, other events. We will collect clinical background information plus each patient's symptoms, Clinical Frailty Scale score, laboratory test results, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters, and serial changes will also be secondary endpoints. Results Not applicable. Conclusion This study offers invaluable insights into understanding the role of ICD/WCD in Japanese HF patients in the new era of HF medication

Long-term safety and efficacy of alogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 3-year prospective, controlled, observational study (J-BRAND Registry)

Introduction Given an increasing use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the real-world setting, we conducted a prospective observational study (Japan-based Clinical Research Network for Diabetes Registry: J-BRAND Registry) to elucidate the safety and efficacy profile of long-term usage of alogliptin.Research design and methods We registered 5969 patients from April 2012 through September 2014, who started receiving alogliptin (group A) or other classes of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs; group B), and were followed for 3 years at 239 sites nationwide. Safety was the primary outcome. Symptomatic hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, skin disorders of non-extrinsic origin, severe infections, and cancer were collected as major adverse events (AEs). Efficacy assessment was the secondary outcome and included changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and urinary albumin.Results Of the registered, 5150 (group A: 3395 and group B: 1755) and 5096 (3358 and 1738) were included for safety and efficacy analysis, respectively. Group A patients mostly (>90%) continued to use alogliptin. In group B, biguanides were the primary agents, while DPP-4 inhibitors were added in up to ~36% of patients. The overall incidence of AEs was similar between the two groups (42.7% vs 42.2%). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the incidence of cancer was significantly higher in group A than in group B (7.4% vs 4.8%, p=0.040), while no significant incidence difference was observed in the individual cancer. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the imbalanced patient distribution (more elderly patients in group A than in group B), but not alogliptin usage per se, contributed to cancer development. The incidence of other major AE categories was with no between-group difference. Between-group difference was not detected, either, in the incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. HbA1c and fasting glucose decreased significantly at the 0.5-year visit and nearly plateaued thereafter in both groups.Conclusions Alogliptin as a representative of DPP-4 inhibitors was safe and durably efficacious when used alone or with other OHAs for patients with type 2 diabetes in the real world setting