4 research outputs found
Sun, heat and electricity. A comprehensive study of non-pollutant alternatives to produce green hydrogen
Water-based hydrogen production is currently an attractive research field, as it provides a greener method to produce hydrogen than existing alternatives. Green hydrogen is expected to progressively replace fossil fuels, which are highly harmful environmentally. This paper presents a critical analysis over time of the main water splitting technologies currently in use for sustainable hydrogen production. As a result of the critical analysis, all the studied techniques have been ordered chronologically in the way that it is possible to understand how new materials have driven to new techniques, more efficient and less expensive. This allows having a complete vision of these technologies. A high level of maturity has been reached in electrolysis, while other techniques still have a long way to go, although many improvements and relevant advancements have been made over the years. The paper offers a global and comparative vision of each technology. From this, it is possible to identify the different paths where efforts are needed to make water-based hydrogen production a mature, stable and efficient technology.This work is a contribution of the following Projects: “H2Integration&Control. Integration and Control of a hydrogen-based pilot plant in residential applications for energy supply”, Ref. PID2020-116616RB-C31 supported by the Spanish State Program of R + D + I Oriented to the Challenges of Society; “Saltes. Smartgrid with reconfigurable Architecture for testing control Techniques and Energy Storage priority”, Ref. P20-00730 supported by Regional Andalusian Government, under the European Union Regional Development Fund; and the project “G2GH2-Going to Green Hydrogen. High efficiency and low degradation system for the hydrogen production without contaminant waste”, Ref. UHU-1259316 supported by the European Union Regional Development Fund 2014/2020. Funding for Open Access charge: University of Huelva (UHU) / CBUA
Experimental evaluation of a passive fuel cell/ battery hybrid power system for an unmanned ground vehicle
Unmanned vehicles are increasing the performance of monitoring and surveillance in
several applications. Endurance is a key issue in these systems, in particular in electric
vehicles, powered at present mainly by batteries. Hybrid power systems based on batteries
and fuel cells have the potential to achieve high energy density and specific energy,
increasing also the life time and safe operating conditions of the power system. The
objective of this research is to analyze the performance of a passive hybrid power system,
designed and developed to be integrated into an existing Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV).
The proposed solution is based on six LiPo cells, connected in series, and a 200 W PEM fuel
cell stack, directly connected in parallel to the battery without any limitation to its charge.
The paper presents the characterization of the system behavior, and shows the main results
in terms of performance and energy management.The authors would like to acknowledge the NATO Science for
Peace and Security Program for partially funding this work
through the project “Improving efficiency and operational
range in low-power unmanned vehicles through the use of
hybrid fuel-cell power systems” (IUFCV), Ref. 985079
Hydrogen vs. Battery-Based Propulsion Systems in Unipersonal Vehicles—Developing Solutions to Improve the Sustainability of Urban Mobility
The percentage of the population in urban areas has increased by ten points from 2000
(46%) to 2020 (56%); it is expected to reach up to 70% by 2050. This undoubtedly will encourage
society to use alternative transports. On the other hand, the widespread fear of pandemics seems
to be here to stay, and it is causing most people to leave public transport to use private cars, and
a few have chosen unipersonal electric vehicles. As a consequence, the decision of using private
cars negatively affects the air quality, and consequently urban population health. This paper aims to
demonstrate a sustainable solution for urban mobility based on a hydrogen powered unipersonal
electric vehicle, which, as shown, provides great advantages over the conventional battery powered
unipersonal electric vehicle. To show this, the authors have developed both vehicles in comparable
versions, using the same platform, and ensuring that the total weight of the unipersonal electric
vehicle was the same in both cases. They have been subjected to experimental tests that support the
features of the hydrogen-based configuration versus the battery-based one, including higher specific
energy, more autonomy, and shorter recharge tim
Converting a Fixed‐Wing Internal Combustion Engine RPAS into an Electric Lithium‐Ion Battery‐ Driven RPAS
It is well proved that remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) are very useful systems
for remote sensing in precision agricultural labors. INTA (National Institute for Aerospace
Applications) and the University of Huelva are involved in Tecnolivo Project that proposes the
development of a marketable and easy‐to‐use technological solution that allows integrated,
ecological, and optimized management of the olive grove through non‐invasive monitoring of key
agronomic parameters using RPASs. The information collected by the RPAS in regards to the state
of the vegetation, such as hydric stress levels, plague detection, or maturation of the fruit, are very
interesting for farmers when it comes to make decisions about their crops. Current RPAS
applications for precision agriculture are mainly developed for small‐ to medium‐sized crops using
rotary‐wing RPASs with small range and endurance operation, leaving aside large‐sized crops. This
work shows the conversion of a fully declassified and obsolete fixed‐wing internal combustion
engine (ICE) remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), used as aerial target for military applications and in
reconnaissance and surveillance missions at low cost, into an electric lithium polymer (LiPo)
battery‐driven RPA that will be used for precision agriculture in large‐sized crop applications, as
well as other applications for tracking and monitoring of endangered animal species in national
parks. This RPA, being over twenty years old, has undergone a deep change. The applied
methodology consisted of the design of a new propulsion system, based on an electric motor and
batteries, maintaining the main airworthiness characteristics of the aircraft. Some other novelties
achieved in this study were: (1) Change to a more efficient engine, less heavy and bulky, with a
greater ratio of torque vs. size. Modernization of the fly control system and geolocation system. (2)
Modification of the type and material of the propeller, reaching a higher performance. (3)
Replacement of a polluting fuel, such as gasoline, with electricity from renewable sources. (4)
Development of a new control software, etc. Preliminary results indicate that the endurance
achieved with the new energy and propulsion systems and the payload weight available in the RPA meet the expectations of the use of this type of RPAS in the study of large areas of crops and
surveillance