Three novel NY-ESO-1 epitopes bound to DRB1*0803, DQB1*0401 and DRB1*0901 recognized by CD4 T cells from CHP-NY-ESO-1-vaccinated patients

Three novel NY-ESO-1 CD4 T cell epitopes were identified using PBMC obtained from patients who were vaccinated with a complex of cholesterol-bearing hydrophobized pullulan (CHP) and NY-ESO-1 protein (CHP-NY-ESO-1). The restriction molecules were determined by antibody blocking and using various EBV-B cells with different HLA alleles as APC to present peptides to CD4 T cells. The minimal epitope peptides were determined using various N- and C-termini truncated peptides deduced from 18-mer overlapping peptides originally identified for recognition. Those epitopes were DRB1*0901-restricted NY-ESO-1 87-100. DQB1*0401-restricted NY-ESO-1 95-107 and DRB1*0803-restricted NY-ESO-1 124-134. CD4 T cells used to determine those epitope peptides recognized EBV-B cells or DC that were treated with recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein or NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cell lysate, suggesting that the epitope peptides are naturally processed. These CD4 T cells showed a cytokine profile with Th1 characteristics. Furthermore, NY-ESO-1 87-100 peptide/HLA-DRB1*0901 tetramer staining was observed. Multiple Th1-type CD4 T cell responses are beneficial for inducing effective anti-tumor responses after NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination

Chemical composition of hydrous and other minerals and their chromian spinel hosts in chromitite and troctolite from the Hess Deep

Primary hydrous and other minerals enriched with incompatible components were found in ocean-floor ultramafic-mafic plutonic rock suites recovered from two contrasting ridge systems, i.e., the East Pacific Rise (Hess Deep, equatorial Pacific), a typical fast-spreading system, and Mid-Cayman Trough, a typical slow-spreading system. They are characteristically associated with chromian spinel, enriched with Cr, one of compatible elements. The hydrous minerals can be formed through interaction between depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) and oceanic peridotite. Primary MORB produced in the deeper part inevitably react with shallower mantle peridotite; the magma selectively dissolves orthopyroxene with simultaneous olivine precipitation. Chromium is supplied to the melt from orthopyroxene, which is enriched with Cr over Al relative to ordinary basaltic melts. The effects of zone refining are also important for concentrations of the incompatible components, especially H20, Na, and Ti, in the modified magma, which in the extreme case is able to precipitate hydrous minerals. This mechanism is common to both fast- and slow-spreading ridges, and is more effective in stagnant or failed melt conduits. Some ultramafic rocks from upper mantle or transition-zone members of ophiolites have primary hydrous minerals, usually included by chromian spinel. Despite the often a priori assumption that slab-derived components are necessary for the formation of the chromitite with inclusions of primary hydrous minerals, this is clearly not necessary

Synthesis of Oxy Aminated [60] and [70]Fullerenes with Cumene Hydroperoxide as Oxidant

International audienceTreatment of [60] or [70]fullerene with excess secondary amine and 3 equiv. of cumene hydroperoxide regioselectively afforded a mono-oxygenated tetraamino or diamino fullerene in good to high yield. The reaction is operationally simple and applicable to a large-scale synthesis