Survei Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Halu Oleo Tahun 2017

Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang menjadi perhatiannasional maupun global. PTM saat ini berisiko untuk semua kalangan baik usia anak, remaja, dewasa maupunlansia. Terjadinya peningkatan kasus penyakit tidak menular di Kota Kendari khususnya pada usia 15 -44 tahun.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular pada mahaiswadi Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari tahun 2017.Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa UniversitasHalu Oleo yang terdaftar dan masih aktif mengikuti semester berjalan tahun 2016 dengan jumlah 37.427.Sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 380 orang, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan probability sampling.Penelitian ini mengunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa untuk faktor risikokonsumsi rokok berdasarkan kebiasaan merokok yaitu sebanyak 97 (25,5%), intensitas perokok ringansebanyak 73 (75,3%), penggunaan jenis rokok filter sebanyak 95 (97%) dan perilaku merokok pasif sebanyak380 (100%). Berdasarkan faktor risiko kosumsi alkohol sebanyak 40 (10,5%), aktivitas fisik kurang sebanyak 214(56,3%), dan pola makan berdasarkan frekuensi makan/minum pemicu penyakit tidak menular untuk seringkonsumsi jenis makanan yang mengandung gula adalah sebanyak 274 (72,1%), mengandung natrium (garam)sebanyak 133 (35,0%), mengandung tinggi lemak dengan sebanyak 211 (55,5%), sedangkan jenis minumanyang mengandung kafein dengan kebiasaan sering sebanyak 167 (43,9 %). Berdasarkan faktor risikokegemukkan 83 (21,8%), dan hipertensi sebanyak 53 (13,9%)

Electrospun Nano-fibers for biomedical and tissue engineering applications: A comprehensive review

Pharmaceutical nano-fibers have attracted widespread attention fromresearchers for reasons such as adaptability of the electro-spinning process and ease of production. As a flexible method for fabricating nano-fibers, electro-spinning is extensively used. An electro-spinning unit is composed of a pump or syringe, a high voltage current supplier, a metal plate collector and a spinneret. Optimization of the attained nano-fibers is undertaken through manipulation of the variables of the process and formulation, including concentration, viscosity, molecular mass, and physical phenomenon, as well as the environmental parameters including temperature and humidity. The nano-fibers achieved by electro-spinning can be utilized for drug loading. The mixing of two or more medicines can be performed via electro-spinning. Facilitation or inhibition of the burst release of a drug can be achieved by the use of the electro-spinning approach. This potential is anticipated to facilitate progression in applications of drug release modification and tissue engineering (TE). The present review aims to focus on electro-spinning, optimization parameters, pharmacological applications, biological characteristics, and in vivo analyses of the electro-spun nano-fibers. Furthermore, current developments and upcoming investigation directions are outlined for the advancement of electro-spun nano-fibers for TE. Moreover, the possible applications, complications and future developments of these nano-fibers are summarized in detail. © 2020 by the authors

Conjugation of Anti-EpCAM Antibody on Alginate–RIP MJ-30 Nanoparticle through Carbodiimide Reaction as a Model of Targeted Protein Therapy

Ribosome inactivating proteins from Mirabilis jalapa L. (RIP MJ) has shown higher cytotoxic activity when being formulated as a nanoparticle. However, the selectivity of the delivery system is also an important aspect when it comes to cytotoxic cell therapy. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a monomeric glycoprotein which is overexpressed in epithelial cancer cells. This study aim was to develop a model of targeted protein delivery system by formulating the base fraction of RIP MJ (RIP MJ-30) into alginate nanoparticles and conjugating it with anti-EpCAM antibody. RIP MJ-30 was formulated in to nanoparticle using alginate and CaCl2 as cross-linker. Optimization of conjugation reaction condition was done in the pH variation of 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5. The success of conjugation was analyzed qualitatively using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE) method and BCA assay. The optimum formula of RIP MJ-30 nanoparticles was produced using 0.3% alginate and 0.2% CaCl2. Results indicated that optimum conjugation reaction was carried out at pH level of 5.5. The optimum native-PAGE condition was by using 8% polyacrylamide gel in duration of 6h. Characterization of nanoparticle resulted in particle size of 205.0nm, zeta potential of -6.9mV, entrapment efficiency of 71.11±4.84%, and conjugation efficiency of 89.55±6.18%. It was concluded that RIP MJ-30 was successfully formulated into alginate nanoparticle and conjugated to anti-EpCAM antibody through carbodiimide reaction using 1-ethyl-(dimethylprophilamine) carbodiimide (EDAC)

The potential of date palm kernel oil

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is considered to be one of the oldest cultivatable crops. The date palm kernels(DPK) considered a waste product of many date processing plants producing pitted dates, date syrup and date confectionery. Direct consumption of dates is also considered as a source of DPK. This study was carried out on DPK to clarify their proximate characteristics of the extracted oil. A laboratory scale for extraction of DPK oil was conducted using two types of DPK which were Deglect Noor oil(DPKDNO)and Moshkan (DPKMO). The extracted oil was then analyzed for color, refractive index, iodinevalue (IV), Saponification value (SV), unsaponifiable matters and total phenolic content as well as some other quality parameters such as acid value(AV) & free fatty acid (FFA)content, and peroxide value (PV). Generally the DPK of Deglect Noor found to have high oil content(9.67%) compared to Moshkan which has 7.30% oil. The color of crude oil was found to be 5.6R, 25Y and 0.2 blue (Brownish) for DPKDNO while 2.3R and 36Y (Yellowish) for DPKMO using Lovibond tentometer. IV and SV for DPKDNO & DPKMO were found to be 51. 6 & 54.8 and 216. 3 & 207.8, respectively. The unsapoinfiable matter in both oils are almost same which ranged between 0.8-1.4%. Total phenolic content in both oils was also in the same range of 0.96 -0.98 mg/ml Gallic acid equivalent. The fatty acid composition using GC-MS showed that oleic acid is the main unsaturated fatty acid in both varieties(38.5&41.6%)while the main saturated fatty acid is lauric acid which was found to be 23.2 and 18.5% for DPKDNO and DPKMO, respectively. Other types of fatty acids such as palmitic, myristic, stearic and linoleic were also found in both varieties. Thus, the initiation study of this project may generate a new source of special oil which could be able to support the global demands of Halal source of specialy oil as cosmetic ingredient since it had been proven that it has anti-wrinkle effect and is therefore of interest in anti aging skincare products

The potential of date palm kernel oil (PDNP2)

Currently, many oil sources mainly from plants that produce oil have been identified; however the potential of some of them as oil sources has not been assessed. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is considered to be one of the oldest cultivatable crops. It has been the old food and chief source of wealth in the irrigable desert from ancient times. The date palm kernels (DPK) considered a waste product of many date processing plants producing pitted dates, date syrup and date confectionery. Direct consumption of dates is also considered as a source of DPK. This study was carried out on DPK to clarify their proximate characteristics of the extracted oil. A laboratory scale for extraction of DPK oil was conducted using two types of DPK which were Deglect Noor oil (DPKDNO) and Moshkan (DPKMO). The extracted oil was then analyzed for color, refractive index, iodine value (IV), Saponification value (SV), unsaponifiable matters and total phenolic content as well as some other quality parameters such as acid value (AV) & free fatty acid (FFA) content, and peroxide value(PV). Generally the DPK of Deglect Noor found to have high oil content (9.67%) compared to Moshkan which has 7.30% oil. The color of crude oil was found to be 5.6R, 25Y and 0.2 blue (Brownish) for DPKDNO while 2.3R and 36Y (Yellowish) for DPKMO using Lovibond tentometer. IV and SV for DPKDNO & DPKMO were found to be 51.6 & 54.8 and 216.3 & 207.8, respectively. The unsapoinfiable matter in both oils are almost same which ranged between 0.8 - 1.4%. Total phenolic content in both oils was also in the same range of 0.96 - 0.98 mg/ml Gallic acid equivalent. The oil compositions that been tested including fatty acid composition using GC-MS showed that the oleic acid is the main unsaturated fatty acid in both varieties (38.5 & 41.6%) while the main saturated fatty acid is lauric acid which was found to be 23.2 and 18.5% for DPKDNO and DPKMO, respectively. Other types of fatty acids such as palmitic, myristic, stearic and linoleic were also found in both varieties. Thus, the initiation study of this project may generate a new source of special oil which could be able to support the global demands of Halal source of specialty oil as cosmetic ingredient since it had been proven that it has antiwrinkle effect and is therefore of interest in antiaging skin care products

Bioenergy for a cleaner future: A case study of sustainable biogas supply chain in the Malaysian energy sector

A life cycle assessment (LCA)-based environmental sustainability evaluation conceptual framework of biogas production has been proposed to improve the sustainability of biogas supply chains. The conceptual framework developed in this study can be used as a guideline for the related stakeholders and decision makers to improve the quality and enhance the sustainability of biogas production in Malaysia as well as promoting biogas as a clean, reliable and secure energy. A case study on an LCA analysis of a zero waste discharge treatment process has been conducted. In the zero discharge treatment system, biogas can be produced with a maximum water recycle and reuse. It was indicated that the biogas production and zero discharge treatment of a palm oil mill effluent were environmentally sustainable as the system utilized organic waste to produce bioenergy and achieved zero discharge. However, there were other aspects that should be taken into consideration, particularly regarding the sources of electricity and upstream activity, to ensure the sustainability of the system holistically