魚類の鰭に寄生するカイアシ類の生態学的研究、特に生活史と寄生部位特異性について

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(学術)Doctor of Philosophydoctora

Health Examination of Cultured Red Hybrid Tilapia from Setiu Marine Pond Farm Terengganu

A total of 26 tilapia fishes from Setiu Marine Pond, Terengganu were examined for parasites and bacteria (Streptococcus agalactiae) infection. Along with fish host sampling, physiochemical parameters of the fish pond were also being recorded. The fish were examine for ecto- and endo-parasites, followed by bacterial examination from obvious lesions and selected organs such as liver, heart and spleen. The main parasites that were recorded were protozoan parasites from the external part of the fishes. Only one helminth was found from the intestine of the fish. All fish were negative for S. agalactiae infection. The correlation between the prevalence in relation to size class and gender of fish were weak to moderate but not statistically significant. Overall, the fish cultured in the marine pond shows an excellent health condition, this might be related to the optimum physiochemical parameters recorded in the pond during the sampling period

Shear Strength Characteristics of Sand-Waste Material Mixture

This study investigates the shear strength characteristics of sand-waste material mixtures using direct shear test. Two different waste materials namely tire shred and rubber shred were investigated in this study

DIVERSITY OF BIVALVES IN MANGROVE FOREST, TOK BALI KELANTAN, MALAYSIA

A study on the diversity and some ecological aspects that related to the abundance of infaunal bivalve species was done at Tok Bali mangrove, Kelantan, Malaysia. Samples and data collection was conducted during three different seasonal periods, on dry season (July), pre-monsoon (September) and monsoon (December) in the year 2005. Sampling stations were chosen in four mangrove forests which were encompassed with Rhizophora spp., Avicennia spp., Nypa fruticans and Mixed Mangrove. A collection of bivalve samples and sediment samples were done within 0.25 m2 quadrates and measurement of physico-chemical parameters were conducted using Hydrolab Quanta. Temperature, salinity and pH showed the normal mangrove value and decreased during monsoon, while dissolved oxygen show increasing during monsoon. Mean of grain size (ø) value ranged from 1.9 to 2.66 indicated that the sediment is fine sand. Mean TOM ranged from 0.67-1.45 g/g. A total of five (5) species of infaunal bivalves were observed, which were Polymesoda expansa, Marcia japonica, Gari ambigua, Pillsbryoconcha exilis and Donax faba. Diversity index H’ ranges from 0.72-1.27 and evenness index E’ ranged from 0.53-0.95 and richness index varied from 0.42-0.78. ANOVA tests showed that there were no significant differences for all biodiversity indices during dry, pre-monsoon and monsoon season (P>0.05). The results showed the low biodiversity of infaunal bivalves in the mangroves of Tok Bali. They could be more affected by the spatial factors rather than the monsoon. Long-term data collection is suggested to determine the seasonal pattern of their biodiversity and contribution to the mangrove ecosystem in the area

INTRODUCTION OF INVASIVE PEACOCK BASS (Cichla spp.), ITS RAPID DISTRIBUTION AND FUTURE IMPACT ON FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM IN MALAYSIA

Malezija je prepoznata kao zemlja visoke razine raznolikosti s obiljem različitih slatkovodnih vrsta. Malezijska slatkovodna bioraznolikost ugrožena je nakon uvođenja invazivnog paun grgeča (Cichla spp.). Prisutnost ovog grabežljivca mogla bi ugroziti suživot autohtonih vrsta slatkovodnog ekosustava u Maleziji. U preglednom radu obrađeni su najvažniji aspekti u vezi s prijetnjama paun grgeča budućoj biološkoj raznolikosti lokalnih vrsta. Trenutno su u Maleziji prepoznate četiri lokalno neprisutne vrste paun grgeča. Do danas, vrste paun grgeča raširile su se u sve dijelove Malezijiskog poluotoka, s još nezabilježenim pronalaskom u Kelantanu i Borneu. „Invazivnom uspjehu“ podložnija su malezijska jezera (84,38%) pri usporedbi s rijekama i rezervoarima. Brzi način širenja ove vrste izrazito je povezan sa sportskim ribolovom i ribolovcima. Način razmnožavanja, povoljno stanište, brojnost plijena i ponašanje pri ishrani odgovorni su čimbenici uspješnog uspostavljanja ove vrste u Maleziji. Vrste su, prema hranidbenoj prirodi, generalisti i ribojedi. Paun grgeča je teško iskorijeniti u Maleziji, između ostalog, i zbog toga jer je kroz doprinos gospodarstvu povezan sa zapošljavanjem ljudi (kroz rekreativni ribolov i turizam). Moguća šteta koju će vrsta uzrokovati na slatkovodnim ekosustavima u budućnosti je nepredvidljiva. U ovom trenutku preporuča se primjena pravilnog upravljanja ovom vrstom kako bi se smanjila njena populacija. To bi se moglo postići ažuriranjem popisa slatkovodnih površina u državi, poboljšanjem sustava praćenja stanja (monitoringom) i podizanjem svijesti o navedenoj problematici.Malaysia is recognised among the mega-diversity countries with the abundance of various freshwater species. Malaysian freshwater biodiversity is under threat after the introduction of an invasive peacock bass. The presence of this predator could challenge the coexistence of the native species. In the current review, the most important aspects regarding peacock bass threats to the biodiversity future of local species are addressed. Four non-native species of peacock bass are presently recognised in Malaysia. To date, the peacock bass species expand to all parts of Peninsular Malaysia with no records yet found in Kelantan and Borneo. Invasion success is more susceptible in Malaysian lakes (84.38%) compared to the dams, rivers and reservoirs. The mode of rapid expansion of this species is highly connected to the sport fishing and anglers. A propagule pressure, favourable habitat, prey abundance and feeding behaviours are responsible factors for the successful establishment of this species in Malaysia. The species are generalist feeders and piscivorous in nature. It is difficult to eradicate peacock bass since it provides physical jobs (recreation and tourism). However, the damage the species will cause in future is unpredictable. At this point, proper management of this species must be implemented to reduce its population. This could be achieved through updating checklists of freshwater bodies, improving monitoring systems and public awareness

Effect of Probiotic on Microflora Population and Carcass Yield of Quail, Coturnix japonica

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary probiotic on intestinal and fecal microflora and carcass yield of broiler quails during the four weeks of feeding period. The quails were fed a basic diet (group 1) which acted as the control group; another 3 groups were fed basal diet with probiotic added at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.20% and 0.35% respectively for 28 days after two weeks of brooding. On day 42, fecal sample and intestinal sample were collected for microbial analysis and carcass yield of the quails was evaluated by cutting the selected parts of the carcass. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus population in quail’s feces between control and treatment group. Otherwise, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in Escherichia coli population in quail’s intestine between control and treatment group, but significantly (p < 0.05) different in Lactobacillus population. Different inclusion rate of probiotic including control showed negative result of Salmonella in both intestine and feces of quail. In addition, supplementation of the diet with probiotic resulted in higher dressing and legs percentage of the carcass but do not affect the breast percentage. This shows that adding probiotic to the broiler quail’s diet can improve the performance of the quails by increasing the beneficial microflora and reducing the pathogenic microorganisms, and relatively higher carcass yields

The occurrence of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection on invasive freshwater fish, the Peacock Bass (Cichla spp.) from Tasik Telabak, Malaysia.

Peacock bass (Cichla spp.)  is an invasive fish that has established feral population in many freshwater water bodies in Malaysia. Among the negative impact of invasive species are the co-introduction of new parasites, and they also may act as vector to various disease causal agents. The aim of this study was to identify and to measure the prevalence of parasites of Peacock bass from Tasik Telabak, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 28 fishes were sampled by line fishing with the help of anglers and examined for parasites by using general parasitological method and microscopic technique. 3 groups of parasites (Protozoa, Digenea and Nematoda) were found infecting Peacock Bass from the lake. 46% of the samples were infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a common protozoan parasite that known as the causal agent for White Spot Disease (WSD) in fishes.  However, I. multifiliis is not a common parasite for wild Peacock Bass in their native area, this finding could indicate the potential of parasite spillback phenomena from the freshwater fish cages from aquaculture activities in the same lake.&nbsp

First record of Caligus dussumieri Rangnekar, 1957 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae) from Malaysia, with notes on caligids found from Malaysia and on host-specificity of caligids on lutjanid fishes

In total, 13 species of Caligus have been reported from Malaysia. Amongst them, four species are reported from lutjanid fishes.Caligus dussumieri Rangnekar, 1957 is reported from Malabar snapper, Lutjanus malabaricus, purchased from a local wet market in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. This is the first record of this species in Malaysia and it is only the second species assigned to the bonito-group of the genus Caligus to be reported from Malaysia. A key to species of the bonito-group is presented herein. The list of caligids infecting lutjanid fishes and the geographical distributions plus the known hosts of members of the bonito-group of Caligus are discussed

The Effect Of Em-1® (Lactobacillus Spp.) On Growth Performance Of Quails, Coturnix Japonica

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using effective microorganism as a supplement in diet on growth performance and hepatosomatic index of quails. A 14 days age were used in a trial in triplicate was carried out by compared the control (c) group with three group of effective microbe in which ration was 1L EM:250 L H2O (treatment 1), 1L EM:550 L H2O (treatment 2) and 1L EM:750 L H2O (treatment 3), respectively. The effective microorganism was supplemented via drinking water. Sampling of weight were done every 7 days and growth performance parameter that were used to compare the growth performance of the quails such as Body Weight Gain (BWG), Feed Intake (FI), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Average Daily Gain (ADG) and Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) were recorded. The data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result shows there was significant different (p<0.05) between control group and three other treatment during week four in terms BWG, FCR, ADG and FI. The result of hepatosomatic index shows no significant different (p>0.05) between treatments as it indicate that the quails supplemented with different ratio of effective microbe had no adverse effect on their liver metabolism. Further study can be done by supplemented the effective microorganism via feed

Growth Performance of Broiler Quails Fed with Enriched Probiotic Feed

Probiotic can help in stimulating the growth and development of immune organs, improve level of immunoglobulin and antibody as well as improve immunity in animal. This present study was carried out to determine the effect of feed enriched with probiotics on the growth performance and hepatosomatic index of broiler quails. A total of 240 quails were divided into four groups with three replicates per group. Each treatments group has a different feeding treatment in which treatment 1 (T0) act as a control with no probiotic added, treatment 2 (T1) with 0.05% probiotic added, treatment 3 (T2) with 0.20 % probiotic added and treatment 4 (T3) with 0.35 % probiotic added, respectively. Probiotic was mixed in the feed of quails starting from day 14 until day 42 and the quails were fed ad-libitum twice per day. The results showed that there was a significant different between treatment group and control in weight gain (p<0.05), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI). T2 showed the best growth performances among the other groups after day 42.There was no significant different in hepatosomatic index between treatment group and control (p<0.05).  This might suggest that different concentration of probiotic has no adverse effect on liver of quails. In conclusion, the study suggests that probiotic can improve growth performance with no adverse effect on the liver of the quails