Chemical Characterization of Protein Contentrates of Duckweed (Fanruily Lenrnnaceae)

The amount of protein was determined in supernatant and residual pulp of three species of duckweed, Spirodela Polyrrhiza, oligorrhiza, Wolffia columbiana and a mixed culture. Protein content of the supernatant and the residual pulp was similar except S. oligorrhiza in which the supernatant had triple the value. Maznah Ismail Precipitation studies with acid and organic solvents (acetone, isobutanol and isopropanol) showed that the amount of protein precipitated varied with the solvent used. On average, only about 20% protein was precipitated from the supernatant. More protein was precipitated by acid (pH 5.8) and isopropanol (5% v/v). Amino acid analysis showed that the essential amino acid content of the whole frond, supernatant and pulp compared favourably with human and cow's milk, egg and FAO reference pattern, with the exception of methionine. Fractionation of the soluble material using Sephacryl S-200 and Sephadex G-50 yielded six components except S. oligorrhiza, which yielded seven components. The first component was> 250,000 daltons in size and the last two < 10,000. Further fractionation by anion exchanger, DJ<.AE Sepharose CL-6B yielded 12 components, except W columlbiana, which had 9. The first three components had net positive charge while the rest had net negative change. Anti-nutritional factors were also determined in two duckweed species (Spirodela polyrrhiza and Lemna perpusilla Torrey) and their protein concentrates. Anti-nutritional factors were found to be low; Spirodela polyrrhiza had higher values than Lemna perpusilla except for trypsin inhibitor. However analysis of variance showed no significant difference (p ~0.05) in the levels of these anti nutritional factors between the two species

Application of a hydrodynamic water quality model in Sungai Johor estuary

Sungai Johor estuary is a vital water body in the south of Johor and greatly affects the water quality in the Johor Straits. In the development of the hydrodynamic and water quality models for Sungai Johor estuary, the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model was selected. In this application, the EFDC hydrodynamic model was configured to simulate time varying surface elevation, velocity, salinity, and water temperature. The EFDC water quality model was configured to simulate dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), phosphate (PO4), and Chlorophyll a. The hydrodynamic and water quality model calibration was performed utilizing a set of site specific data acquired in January 2008. The simulated water temperature, salinity and DO showed good and fairly good agreement with observations. The calculated correlation coefficients between computed and observed temperature and salinity were lower compared with the water level. Sensitivity analysis was performed on hydrodynamic and water quality models input parameters to quantify their impact on modeling results such as water surface elevation, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration. It is anticipated and recommended that the development of this model be continued to synthesize additional field data into the modeling process

The influence of cognitive satisfaction on the relationship between salesperson presentation skills and customer's intention to repurchase

The application of sales presentation skills by the sales force during their interaction with customers in the sales situation can have a significant effect on customer intention to repurchase in the Malaysian Computer retail business. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relations between important sales presentation skills and the relative roles played by cognition in the development of customer satisfaction which will lead to customer’s intention to repurchase in a computer retail setting in Malaysia. This will then lead to increased benefits for the organization in the form of customer loyalty. The cognitive evaluation of customer satisfaction was found to explain customer’s intention to repurchase in a retail setting in the Malaysian market. This finding holds importance to those retailers who have been able to generate high expectations in the eyes of their customers

A Comparison of the Self-Concept, Locus of Control and Anxiety of A Group of Drug - using and Non-drug using Secondary School in Penang.

Rencana ini melaporkan kajian tentang beberapa ciri psikologi pelajar-pelajar sekolah menengah yang terlibat dan yang tidak terlibat dengan penggunaan dadah. Ciri-ciri yang diberi tumpuan adalah dari segi konsep kendiri, lokus kuasa dan tahap kebimbangan mereka. Seramai 1178 orang pelajar sekolah menengah atas di Pulau Pinang dijadi sebagai sampel kajian. Pelajar-pelajar ini dikumpulkan ke dalam tiga kumpulan berdasarkan jawapan mereka terhadap corak penggunaan dadah. Kumpulankumpulan ini terdiri daripada: kumpulan bukan pengguna; kumpulan pengguna dadah Jembut dan kumpulan pengguna dadah kera

Comprehension Level Of Non-Technical Terms In Science: Are We Ready For Science In English

Most students find the learning of science not an easy task. These difficulties arise not only from the use of symbols to represent concepts, but also the language that must be mastered, in particular the technical and non-technical vocabulary. Students who learn science not in their first language face the problem of understanding both the scientific terminologies (technical terms) and regular explanation of the knowledge itself. Non-technical vocabulary refers to terms that have one or many meanings in everyday language but which have a precise and sometimes different meaning in a scientific context. Studies indicated that technical language of science posed a problem of familiarity, but students were seen to be able to cope reasonably well with this. Where a more acute problem lay, was in the use in science of normal, familiar language in a highly specific, often-changed and unfamiliar way. This paper will present the finding from a survey that aim at investigating form 4 students' comprehension of common nontechnical terms used in science. Sample consisted of 91 students (form 4 students of different streams – arts, science and engineering) who were requested to respond to 50-item questionnaire. Facilities index were calculated for each item. Analysis of the result showed that these students do encounter some difficulties in understanding the meanings of the non-technical terms

Cadangan Remaja Perempuan Mengenai Persediaan Untuk Mengbadapi Haid

One of the major events in the life of a girl is the onset of menstruation or menarche. This paper examines adolescent girls' recommendations with respect to preparation for menarche. The sample consisted of 152 secondary school girls. the majority of whom had been menstruating for about three years. They had to respond to an open-ended questionnaire which among other things. asked what kind of help should be given to a person going through the experience the first time

Schooling From The Perspective Of A Group Of Female Students

Satu tumpuan penyelidikan pendidikan yang semakin mendapat perhatian para penyelidik adalah berhubung dengan tanggapan pelajar terhadap pengalaman mereka bersekolah. Tumpuan ini adalah sejajar dengan anjakan yang berlaku dalam penyelidikan keberkesanan guru. Anjakan ini adalah dari pendekatan proses-produk yang dominan pada suatu ketika dahulu kepada pendekatan proses perantaran yang menekan peranan proses kognitif pelajar sebagai perantara di antara pengajaran guru dan pembelajaran pelajar. Kajian yang berasaskan pendekatan ini adalah berguna untuk mengetahui tanggapan pelajar terhadap pengalaman bersekolah kerana ia boleh memberi kesan kepada tingkah laku dan prestasi mereka

Interactions of lactoferrin with monocytic and mucosal cells; its role in iron uptake and absorption

Lactoferrin is a non-haem iron binding glycoprotein present in virtually all mammalian body fluids, especially milk, as well as being secreted from the secondary granules of activated neutrophils. It is structurally similar to the plasma non transport protein transferrin, and shares with it the ability to bind reversibly two ferric ions per molecule of the protein. This work is undertaken to investigate the possible role of lactoferrin in non transport and the mechanism of iron transfer involved. The transfer of iron to the cells by transferrin occurs by a mechanism involving binding to a specific receptor followed by endocytosis, during which iron is retained by the cell and the receptor is recycled. Assuming that lactoferrin could deliver its non utilising a similar pathway, this work has been focussed to study the interactions of lactofeixin with a promonocytic cell line, U937. Binding studies have shown that both lactoferrin and transferrin could bind to these cells. There are however some fundamental differences in the binding pattern. The total binding of lactoferrin to the cells was about ten times greater than total binding of transferrin but most of the lactoferrin binding was non-specific. In contrast most of transferrin binding occurred via a specific receptor. Nevertheless the number of specific binding sites on the cell is similar for both proteins (Lf, 3.0 x 10