Conglomerateness: Size and Monopoly Control

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of sildenafil citrate on cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity. Thirty-two female rats were divided into four groups. Group 1: saline control; group 2: cisplatin; group 3: sildenafil citrate; and group 4: cisplatin plus sildenafil citrate group. In groups 2 and 4, the rats were injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin intraperitoneally (i.p.). In groups 3 and 4, the rats were injected with 1.4 mg/kg sildenafil citrate i.p. The ovaries were removed two weeks later in all groups. Histopathologic examination, follicle counting and classification were performed. The expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was detected immunohistochemically in the ovarian tissues. Sildenafil alleviated cisplatin-induced histopathological changes in the ovarian tissue. Primordial, secondary and tertiary follicles were diminished in group 2 compared with group 1 (p <0.05). Pretreatment with sildenafil citrate preserved primordial follicle count in group 4 compared with group 2, and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.05). According to our results, immunoreactivity intensity of AMH was lower in group 2 compared with group 1 (92.4 +/- 3.97 versus 88.8 +/- 1.77) but not significantly, whereas immunoreactivity intensity of AMH was higher in group 4 compared with group 2 (88.8 +/- 1.77 versus 94.1 +/- 2.36; p<0.05). Our results demonstrated that pretreatment with sildenafil citrate is beneficial for protecting the ovaries from cisplatin-induced damage. Sildenafil citrate can be a choice for fertility preservation

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin serum level: A potential noninvasive biomarker of endometriosis?

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, also known as lipocalin-2) is an acute-phase protein expressed in many tissues and plays a role in cell proliferation, regulation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate serum NGAL levels and endometrioma tissue expression in women with endometriosis. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital. The endometrioma group included 36 women who underwent ovarian cystectomy for endometrioma, which was compared with a control group (n = 36) of women who underwent ovarian cystectomy due to benign persistent cysts (follicle cyst, theca lutein cyst, and serous cystadenoma). NGAL levels were analyzed using both serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis and immunohistochemical tissue staining. Serum C-reactive protein and CA-125 levels were also evaluated. NGAL serum levels were significantly higher in the endometrioma group than in the control group (P &lt; .05). C-reactive protein and CA-125 levels were also significantly higher in the endometrioma group (P &lt; .05) and were correlated with NGAL levels. Immunohistochemical staining for NGAL was also higher in the endometrioma group (P &lt; .001). NGAL may be considered a potential noninvasive biomarker of endometriosis

Russell body cervicitis: A case report and literature review

Russell bodies are prominent eosinophilic inclusions seen in the cytoplasm of plasma cells and sometimes outside the cell. There are very few publications available in the English literature on Russell Body Cervicitis. Our case is a 40 year old female patient with a positive screening test for HPV DNA. The cervical surface epithelium in biopsy specimens obtained from the cervix completely have eroded intense vesicular eccentric nuclei and large eosinophilic cytoplasm containing focal Russell Body. The infiltration of dense plasma cells were observed. Our case is the fourth case in the English literature. The case is rare and the etiology has not yet been elucidated. [Med-Science 2018; 7(1.000): 225-228

In vitro effects of estrogen and progesterone containing drugs on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes in women smokers and nonsmokers

Background: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs), a group of metalloenzymes, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes such as acid–base balance, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, ureagenesis, electrolyte secretion in various tissues, bone resorption and calcification, and tumorigenicity. In the current study, we aimed to determine and compare possible alterations in the activity of carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) and carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) isozymes by using estrogens and progestagens in female smokers and nonsmokers. Methods: Blood samples from 30 smoker and 30 nonsmoker volunteers were drawn after obtaining informed consent. The blood samples were centrifuged to separate the plasma and erythrocytes. Thereafter, hemolysate was prepared from the red cells. CA I and CA II were purified from human erythrocytes with a simple one-step procedure using Sepharose 4B-l-tyrosine-sulfonamide affinity column. CAI and CA II isozymes were treated with estrogen and progesterone-containing drugs, after which the inhibition or activation of the enzyme was determined. Results: CA I and CA II enzyme activity was observed to be increased in female smokers. The results of this study show that dienogest is the most effective inhibitor for human erythrocytes CA I when compared with micronized progesterone, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, estradiol valerate, and estradiol hemihydrate in both female smokers and nonsmokers. All active ingredients have been shown to have a stronger inhibition in smokers than nonsmokers for CA I activity. Additionally, estradiol valerate and hydroxyprogesterone caproate have stronger inhibition against CA II enzyme activity in women who smoke. Conclusion: The results of the current study provide important information to clinicians about how to consider the possible adverse effects of these drugs which are produced as a result of inhibition of CA I and CA II enzyme. Clinicians should take into consideration the side effects caused by CA I and CA II enzyme inhibition when prescribing these drugs in the treatment of different clinical conditions, especially in women who smoke

Accessory spleen in the pelvis: A case report

Introduction: Accessory Spleen (AS) is a very rare entity and usually near the spleen’s hilum and in the tail of the pancreas. Pelvis reported as an atypical and a rare localization. AS may be formed during embryonic life, they rise from the left side of the dorsal mesogastrium as a result of imperfect fusion of separate splenic masses. Presentation of case: We report a case of an AS presenting as an left adnexal mass in a middle-aged woman. Transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left adnexial mass. Laparatomy was performed, and histological examination revealed that resected mass was splenic tissue. Discussion: An AS is an incidental finding of no clinical significance in most patients. AS are generally determined during radiological investigations or during open or laparoscopic surgeries. When, the AS settle in the adnexal area; the differential diagnosis could include the causes of adnexal masses like enlarged lymph nodes, subserous fibroid, ovarian tumors, organized hematoma, tuboovarian abscess. Conclusion: Althought pelvic accessory spleen is a rare condition, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses

Primary ovarian leiomyoma: A case report

INTRODUCTION: Primary ovarian leiomyoma is a rare benign tumour of the ovary seen in women between 20 and 65 years old. It is usually diagnosed incidentally during pelvic examination or pathologic examination after surgery. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We describe a case of unilateral, ovarian leiomyoma. Transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a right adnexial mass. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and histological examination revealed a leiomyoma arising primarily in the ovary. The diagnosis was confirmed immunohistochemically. DISCUSSION: The tumour may be asymptomatic or may manifest with lower abdominal pain like in our case. The definitive diagnosis of these lesions is difficult prior to surgical removal. Because there is no pathognomonic symptoms or characteristic imaging findings. The correct diagnosis of an ovarian leiomyoma requires identification of the smooth muscle nature of the tumour. CONCLUSION: This rare tumour of the ovary should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solid ovarian masses. An immunohistochemical analysis is recommended for definitive diagnosis

Relationship Between CIP2A and Endometrium Cancer

Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between endometrium cancer and the oncoprotein cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A)

The effects of IL-1A and IL-6 genes polymorphisms on gene expressions, hormonal and biochemical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disease characterised by chronic inflammation. We aimed to investigate an association between IL-1A and IL-6 gene polymorphisms and both hormonal/biochemical parameters and levels of IL-1A and IL-6. A total of 103 women diagnosed with PCOS according to ESHRE/ASRM criteria were investigated. The patients were divided into two groups as obese and non-obese. IL-1A and IL-6 genes polymorphisms as well as hormonal/biochemical parameters and levels of IL-1A and IL-6 were analysed in the same groups. Serum IL-1A and IL-6 levels were found to increase both in obese and non-obese groups. However, there was no association between IL-1A level and IL-1A polymorphism. A relationship was detected between H score, FSH, LH, total testosterone, HDL-C and TG levels and CG + GG genotypes of IL-6. Furthermore, an association was found between IL-6 levels and CC genotype of IL-6 in the obese PCOS patients. The abnormalities in hormonal/biochemical parameters detected in Turkish PCOS patients may be related with IL-6 gene polymorphism rather than IL-1A

A Humanized Anti-Interleukin 6 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody, Tocilizumab, for the Treatment of Endometriosis in a Rat Model

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of anti-interleukin 6 (IL-6) therapy in the treatment of endometriosis in a rat model