Solutions from boundary condition changing operators in open superstring field theory

We construct analytic solutions of open superstring field theory in the Berkovits formulation using boundary condition changing operators under some regularity conditions, extending the previous construction in the bosonic string. We also consider the gauge-invariant observables corresponding to closed string one-point functions on the disk. We analytically calculate the gauge-invariant observables for the solutions both in the bosonic string and in the superstring and find the expected change of boundary conditions of the disk.Comment: 33 pages, no figures, LaTeX2e; v2: minor corrections; v3: minor revision, published versio

東アジア人のアルデヒド脱水素酵素2型遺伝子異型のST上昇型心筋梗塞における 心筋虚血再灌流障害増悪と性差の可能性

熊本大

Detection of periodic patterns in microarray data reveals novel oscillating transcripts of biological rhythms in Ciona intestinalis

A circadian rhythm is a roughly 24-h cycle in biological processes and physiological phenomena such as sleep, feeding, and photosynthesis for many organisms on Earth. The circadian patterns are coordinated by rhythmical gene expression of clock genes. Time-course transcriptomic analyses involving statistical methods have shown coordination of periodic gene expression in many organisms. Here we applied the cosine fitting method COSOPT to identify novel oscillating genes in microarray data for the chordate Ciona intestinalis. This organism showed rhythmic oxygen consumption in our previous study, but there were few homologous clock genes showing rhythmic mRNA expression. To understand circadian behavior at the transcriptomic level, we analyzed the 817 of 21,938 probes showing a 23- to 25-h period by means of COSOPT. Coupling the analysis of period detection with functional annotations indicated that previously unknown rhythmic mRNA expression might exist in C. intestinalis. In addition, we are releasing our implementation of COSOPT by means of R and C. All source code and supplementary information are available from https://github.com/mhiromi/cosopt

Detection of periodic patterns in microarray data reveals novel oscillating transcripts of biological rhythms in Ciona intestinalis

A circadian rhythm is a roughly 24-h cycle in biological processes and physiological phenomena such as sleep, feeding, and photosynthesis for many organisms on Earth. The circadian patterns are coordinated by rhythmical gene expression of clock genes. Time-course transcriptomic analyses involving statistical methods have shown coordination of periodic gene expression in many organisms. Here we applied the cosine fitting method COSOPT to identify novel oscillating genes in microarray data for the chordate Ciona intestinalis. This organism showed rhythmic oxygen consumption in our previous study, but there were few homologous clock genes showing rhythmic mRNA expression. To understand circadian behavior at the transcriptomic level, we analyzed the 817 of 21,938 probes showing a 23- to 25-h period by means of COSOPT. Coupling the analysis of period detection with functional annotations indicated that previously unknown rhythmic mRNA expression might exist in C. intestinalis. In addition, we are releasing our implementation of COSOPT by means of R and C. All source code and supplementary information are available from https://github.com/mhiromi/cosopt

Long-term outcomes of an esophagus-preserving chemoradiotherapy strategy for patients with endoscopically unresectable stage I thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

[Background and purpose] To assess the long-term outcomes of a multimodal approach for maximum esophagus preservation in operable patients with endoscopically unresectable stage I thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). [Materials and methods] The medical records of patients with stage I thoracic ESCC treated with our protocol between 1992 and 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Our protocol consisted of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy, followed by either additional definitive chemoradiotherapy for good responders (CRT group) or surgery for moderate or poor responders (CRT-S group) after an interim appraisal. [Results] A total of 51 patients were analysed. The median age of the patients was 67 years. The median follow-up period was 124.8 months. After the interim assessment, 49 and 2 cases were assigned to the CRT and CRT-S groups, respectively. In the intent-to-treat analyses, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), cumulative incidence for death from esophageal cancer, and that for loss of esophageal function were 78.9%, 53.5%, 10.5%, and 20.4% at 5 years, and 55.2%, 27.8%, 18.2%, and 22.9% at 10 years, respectively. Grade 3 late toxicities occurred with the following incidences: esophageal stenosis in 1 case, esophageal ulcer in 1 case, and pericardial effusion in 2 cases. No grade 4 or higher toxicities were observed. [Conclusion] Long-term survival and esophagus preservation outcomes were favorable, with acceptable toxicities. Our results suggest that CCRT is an alternative treatment for majority of operable patients with endoscopically unresectable stage I thoracic ESCC in combination with salvage therapy

自閉スペクトラム症における幼少期逆境体験と白質微小構造障害の関連性についての検討

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) than typically developed (TD) children. Since multiple lines of studies have suggested that ACEs are related to myelination in the frontal lobe, an exposure to ACEs can be associated with white matter microstructural disruption in the frontal lobe, which may be implicated in subsequential psychological deficits after the adulthood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ACEs and microstructural integrity on frontal lobe-related white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging in 63 individuals with ASD and 38 TD participants. Using a tractography-based analysis, we delineated the uncinate fasciculus (UF), dorsal cingulum (Ci), and anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), which are involved in the neural pathology of ASD, and estimated each diffusion parameter. Compared to the TD participants, individuals with ASD displayed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) in the left ATR. Then, ASD individuals exposed to severe ACEs displayed higher RD than those exposed to mild ACEs and TD participants in the left ATR. Moreover, the severity of ACEs, particularly neglect, correlated with lower FA and higher RD in the left UF and ATR in individuals with ASD, which was not observed in TD participants. These results suggest that an exposure to ACEs is associated with abnormality in the frontal lobe-related white matter in ASD.博士（医学）・甲第843号・令和4年6月29日Copyright © 2022 Yoshikawa, Kitamura, Matsuoka, Takahashi, Ishida, Kishimoto, Yasuno, Yasuda, Hashimoto, Miyasaka, Kichikawa, Kishimoto and Makinodan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms

Hoarseness as the first symptom in a patient with acute suppurative thyroiditis secondary to a pyriform sinus fistula: a case report

Abstract Background Pyriform sinus fistulas (PSFs) are rare congenital anomalies of the third or fourth brachial pouch. Dyspnea is reportedly secondary to compression by a neck mass. However, hoarseness, as the first symptom of PSF, has not yet been reported. Case presentation This report describes an 11-year-old girl presenting with hoarseness as the first symptom of PSF. Hoarseness occurred 2 days prior to admission. On admission, she had fever, hoarseness, and an elastic soft mass on her left anterior neck. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the cervical region demonstrated an abscess partially infiltrating the thyroid gland and an air pocket near the pyriform sinus. Pharyngoscopy revealed swelling of the left arytenoid region, with purulent retention. The left vocal cord was swollen but not paralyzed. Additionally, the laboratory data indicated thyrotoxicosis. Suspecting a PSF infection, parenteral treatment with cefotaxime and dexamethasone was initiated. On the following day, the hoarseness disappeared, and the fever resolved. Four weeks after onset, the thyroid hormone levels returned to the normal range, and a barium esophagogram revealed residual contrast in the left pyriform sinus, leading to a diagnosis of PSF. Conclusion PSF presenting with hoarseness as the first symptom in patients should be considered