Vaginal delivery for breech presentation should be an option: experience in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the feasibility of vaginal delivery of uncomplicated singleton breech presentation by evaluating early neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as maternal morbidity following vaginal and caesarean delivery for breech presentation.Methods: 290 women with singleton breech presentation at term in labor were counseled about the risks and benefits of both the modes of delivery. Neonatal and maternal outcome were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results: APGAR at 5 min and NICU admission were not affected by mode of delivery. Long term neonatal outcome is similar in either mode of delivery. Maternal morbidity and duration of hospital stay is increased in caesarean births.Conclusions: Neonatal outcome did not depend on mode of delivery though maternal morbidity and cost of care is increased following Caesarean Section. Proper selection of cases and by improving skill & confidence in new generation obstetrician, vaginal delivery of singleton fetuses in breech presentation at term remains a safe option that can be offered to a woman in a tertiary care centre

A study on seasonal change in feeding habit, health status and reproductive biology of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta, Cuvier) in coastal water of West Bengal.

254-260In this study, seasonal change in feeding habit, health status and breeding season of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta, Cuvier) have been observed in the coastal water of West Bengal. Gut contents were analyzed to check its feeding habit. Exponential value, condition factor and breeding habits were also examined. Study on feeding habit establishes Indian mackerel to be a selective plankton feeder. During pre-monsoon season; diatoms, copepods, rotifers and green algae were dominant, while blue green algae (BGA) and dinoflagellates had highest percentage of occurrence during the monsoon season. Feeding habit study of Indian mackerel in long term basis may further help in determining its trophic level position and locating its probable fishing ground

Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review

The present study reviewed the carbon-biogeochemistry-related observations concerning CO2 and CH4 dynamics in the estuaries adjoining the Indian Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. The review focused on the partial pressure of CO2 and CH4 [pCO2(water) and pCH4(water)] and air–water CO2 and CH4 fluxes and their physical, biogeochemical, and hydrological drivers. The riverine-freshwater-rich Hooghly estuary has always exhibited higher CO2 emissions than the marine-water-dominated Sundarbans estuaries. The mangrove sediment porewater and recirculated groundwater were rich in pCO2(water) and pCH4(water), enhancing their load in the adjacent estuaries. Freshwater-seawater admixing, photosynthetically active radiation, primary productivity, and porewater/groundwater input were the principal factors that regulated pCO2(water) and pCH4(water) and their fluxes. Higher chlorophyll-a concentrations, indicating higher primary production, led to the furnishing of more organic substrates that underwent anaerobic degradation to produce CH4 in the water column. The northern Bay of Bengal seawater had a high carbonate buffering capacity that reduced the pCO2(water) and water-to-air CO2 fluxes in the Sundarbans estuaries. Several authors traced the degradation of organic matter to DIC, mainly following the denitrification pathway (and pathways between aerobic respiration and carbonate dissolution). Overall, this review collated the significant findings on the carbon biogeochemistry of Sundarbans estuaries and discussed the areas that require attention in the future

Increase in fish catch after the cyclone <i>Phailin</i> in the northern Bay of Bengal lying adjacent to West Bengal coast – A case study

1094-1097The present paper reports an enhancement in fish catch in the northern Bay of Bengal lying adjacent to West Bengal coast after the occurrence of the cyclone Phailin on the 12th October, 2013. MODIS L3 monthly composite data for both chlorophyll and SST of two consecutive years 2012 and 2013 were investigated to see the aftereffects of cyclone on these two parameters. Generally, during a cyclone vertical mixing of the water column uplifts nutrients to mixed layer depth that results in the increase in chlorophyll-a and decrease in sea surface temperature (SST). In this study a substantial increase in mean chlorophyll was observed in October, 2013 in comparison to 2012 (no severe cyclone was reported in Orissa-West Bengal coast). However, no significant change in SST was observed. Mean chlorophyll concentration in October 2012 was 3.12 ± 1.97 mg m-3, however, in October, 2013 it increased to 4.50 ± 2.09 mg m-3. Following this event, a huge increase in fish catch and Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) were also observed. Mean CPUE in October 2012 and 2013 was observed as 9.04 ± 4.70 and 18.63 ± 11.54 respectively. This increase in CPUE after cyclone Phailin might be due to enhanced productivity

Present Status of the Sustainable Fishing Limits for Hilsa Shad in the northern Bay of Bengal, India

The hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha fishery in the northern Bay of Bengal (nBoB) is passing through a crisis manifested by the persistent decline of fish catch in spite of increasing efforts. During the period 2002–2015, the number of boats engaged in the fishery increased by 25% while the hilsa catch decreased by 13%. The exponential value (b) and condition factor (K) of hilsa has also decreased by 46% and 28% respectively. The value of fishing mortality (F = 2.34 year-1) has considerably exceeded the natural mortality (M = 0.56 year-1) during the study period. It is observed that in place of maximum exploitation rate (Emax) of 0.78, the current exploitation rate (E) of hilsa is 0.81 which is above the sustainable limit. It is a matter of serious concern that with 75% probability the first spawners of the population are being targeted by the present fishing practice. The present study observes that the hilsa population of nBoB are being significantly overexploited in the present level of fishing pressure. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) limit for hilsa is estimated to be around 25,440 tons per year with the corresponding effort (fMSY) that may be deployed to achieve the above mentioned catch ranged from 3571 to 3987 (number of boats). It can be inferred that the hilsa fishery in the nBoB is being unsustainably exploited

A facile chemical route synthesis and characterization of CdSe/ZnO nanocomposite

The controlled synthesis of CdSe/ZnO-nanocomposite fabrication by facile chemical route has been successfully performed. Crystalline structure was examined by XRD patterns, while the morphology was investigated was carried out using typical electron microscopic investigations of SEM and HR-TEM equipped with electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) analogous to the detection of chemical elements in hybrid composite. The typical SEM image of fabricated CdSe/ZnO-nanomaterial and the grain size was found to 12 nm. The elemental composition of CdSe/ZnO-nanomaterial was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The HR-TEM images of CdSe/ZnO NPs confirm the agglomerated particles neck with their neighbors and form hexagonal shapes. The UV-visible absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze the optical properties. From UV absorption spectrum, a broad peak at 405 nm was observed. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum was also used to determine the optical properties. The PL spectrum shows the maximum was slightly red-shifted to 625 nm. At various frequencies and at an ambient condition of temperatures, the dielectric studies such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity properties were investigated. Furthermore, we have studied the current density-voltage of CdSe/ZnO-nanocomposite

Increase in fish catch after the cyclone Phailin in the northern Bay of Bengal lying adjacent to West Bengal coast – A case study

1897-1900The present paper reports an enhancement in fish catch in the northern Bay of Bengal lying adjacent to West Bengal coast after the occurrence of the cyclone Phailin on the 12th October, 2013. MODIS L3 monthly composite data for both chlorophyll and SST of two consecutive years 2012 and 2013 were investigated to see the aftereffects of cyclone on these two parameters. Generally, during a cyclone vertical mixing of the water column uplifts nutrients to mixed layer depth that results in the increase in chlorophyll-a and decrease in sea surface temperature (SST). In this study a substantial increase in mean chlorophyll was observed in October, 2013 in comparison to 2012 (no severe cyclone was reported in Orissa-West Bengal coast). However, no significant change in SST was observed. Mean chlorophyll concentration in October 2012 was 3.12 ± 1.97 mg m-3, however, in October, 2013 it increased to 4.50 ± 2.09 mg m-3. Following this event, a huge increase in fish catch and Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) were also observed. Mean CPUE in October 2012 and 2013 was observed as 9.04 ± 4.70 and 18.63 ± 11.54 respectively. This increase in CPUE after cyclone Phailin might be due to enhanced productivity