THE INCORPORATION OF TEACHING CULTURE WITH TECHNOLOGY ENHANCES LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FL

The aim of this paper is to highlight 1) the importance of culture in learning/teaching EFL, 2) the importance of technology competency in language teaching/learning, and 3) enhancing learning/teaching English through integrating teaching culture and technology. Though culture and language learning/teaching are inseparable, culture was underestimated during the past decades. But recently, the role of culture in language learning/teaching has changed a lot. It has become an integral part of language learning, considered by some scholars as the fifth language skill. To be successful, it is vital to make students able to appreciate culture of those people who speak that language. This paper will try to give answers to the following: how, when, how often, what, why … do teachers teach cultural issues; how they integrate teaching culture with the use oftechnological tools; to what extent media technology is incorporated in teaching culture; etc. All these are discussed among student-teachers, at “A. Xhuvani” University of Elbasan, Albania, NIU students and students from 9-year schools. Due to different opinions and various perceptions gathered from questionnaires, interviews, fieldwork, observations and simulations, this paper provides ideas about how to help student-teachers face challenges of their future profession. This is a challenge not only for student-teachers and in-service teachers, but for educators, who deal with teacher preparation as well. Finally, this study indicates the need for further additional research on the interaction of culture and technology in teaching and learning English as a FL and at the same time it indicates the need for technology teacher training

ANALYSIS OF SCALE OF FIN DAMAGE (EROSION) IN FARMED RAINBOW TROUT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVA

This study has utilized a non-invasive, rapid, and reliable method of assessing the scale of fin damage in rainbow trout from aquacultures in eight locations throughout the Republic of Kosova. The method is based on a visual assessment of the fin in profile and the loss of surface area of all fins on a scale from 0-5, compared to a healthy fin. The scale of fin damage was analyzed in two groups of fish, those weighing less than 30 grams and those weighing over 100 grams. The study demonstrated that the average indicator of fin damage was higher in larger fish than in smaller fish. Fin damage also depended on the season. Thus, greater fin damage was observed during the summer, compared to the winter and spring months, when the scale of damage was less severe. Moreover, the shape of the pond also impacted fin damage. Thus, the scale of fin damage was greater in circular-shaped ponds compared to rectangular-shaped ponds. The dorsal and pectoral fins were both exposed to damage. The average value of fin damage on the dorsal fin was 3.11, on the left pectoral fin 2.72, whereas on the right pectoral fin 2.70. The reasons behind the fin damage could be related to metabolic adaptations or adaptations to rearing conditions, which should be further looked into in the future in hopes of improving fin condition.Keywords: Rainbow trout, fish farms, fins, erosion

Mistakes Made by a Group of Albanian Students of English during their Classroom Oral Interactions

In oral interactions, if the main aim is to communicate, then errors mustn’t be corrected exhaustively, otherwise the communication flow will be broken. In other words, if the message is understood, only the errors that constitute an impediment to the effectiveness of communication should be corrected. Oral interaction in the classroom is very important, because sometimes it is the only opportunity for students to use the foreign language. Thus being the case, teachers will have to plan activities that enable students to practice their communicative intentions applied to different contexts. When a student starts learning a foreign language, he/she already possesses some rules in his/her unconscious. Those rules are used naturally in our mother tongue. However, in a foreign language, this is an artificial process, requiring an abstraction from our native language and/or culture. Moreover, the knowledge of other languages may lead students to make wrong inferences. Also, one must not forget that written language implies an organization different from that of spoken language. In writing, logic and coherence are essential for communication, whereas in speaking, this may compensate the eventual gaps with paralanguage, which renders communication much more efficient. As teachers, we very often forget that students’ only chance to communicate in a foreign language is inside the classroom. Outside it, they tend to use the foreign language to listen to songs, to play computer games, and sometimes in chat-rooms. Keywords: mistakes, errors, classroom oral interactions, FLL, recasts, Albanian students, etc

Judiciary Challenge of Republic of North Macedonia Towards EU Integration

The transition period in The Republic of North Macedonia alongside with the other Balkan countries was very prolonged and impregnated with numerous problems in the functioning of the rule of law. The judiciary has been the 'Gordian knot', for which it has often received objections from the international community. With constant and direct political interference, blatant nepotism, various compromising cases of corruption, and almost endless delays in cases, the judiciary has recorded successive violations of law and infringement of justice. There are perception that the predominance of the only one political party: the presidency, parliament, municipalities and then all other state institutions, that reflected in the hostage seizure of the state. The wiretapped conversations of high ranked politicians that began to be published since February 9, 2015 proved that the judiciary had been the target of political and party calculations. It clearly showed that politicians are those “big bosses” appoint and dismiss judges and prosecutors, interfere with litigation, assemble cases and proceedings, instrumentalizing all judicial instances. Following the publication of the so-called political 'bombs', with the mediation of the international community among the main political parties the (Skopje) Przhino Agreement was reached and finaly the political product of which was the establishment of the Special Public Prosecutor's Office on September 15, 2015. However that hope did not last. At the top the paradox, the Special Public Prosecutor's Office was trapped in a large corruption, so its ending was disappointing and depressing for citizens. From the public statements of Euro diplomats this confusing judiciary situation is expected to have its impact on the road of the country towards European integration

CLASS-CHANGING DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES

Morphology is the study of a word’s grammatical constituents. The many different methods that English words are formed, including borrowing from Latin and Greek, clipping, suppletion, affixation, conversion, acronym, blending, compounding, and more, have been documented by linguists. The goal of this study is to examine the process of word formation known as affixation, specifically class-changing derivational affixation. We will examine the meanings of some of the few letters added to the beginning or end of words as well as the changes that occur when affixes are inserted into words.This study aims to examine how different affixes are added to the beginning or end of a root or root word to create new words, as well as how those affixes alter the root word’s classification. A list of English prefixes and suffixes that change the class are provided, and they are explained and studied with various examples. The derivation of words from one grammatical class to another is observed in this study. For example, verbs are converted into nouns and adjectives, nouns are converted into adjectives and verbs, and so on.Keywords:  Prefixes, Suffixes, Derivational, Word, Conversion, etc.

LANGUAGE AND STYLE IN WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS’S SELECTED POEMS: “Adam’s Curse”, “Easter, 1916”, “The Second Coming” and “Sailing to Byzantium”

This research demonstrates an in-depth investigation of William Butler Yeats’s key poems, his language, and his distinctive writing style. We've selected four of his well-known poems for this essay: “Adam’s Curse,” “The Second Coming,” “Easter, 1916,” and “Sailing to Byzantium.” Each of them is a different aspect of William’s creative work, incorporating motifs and topics that relate to the historical context and the author’s inner life. The clashing currents of the Victorian era and modernism, which William Butler Yeats stood at, affected his poetry. His poetry continue to serve as a bridge for aspiring modern poets, guiding them to perfection from such expressions of beauty, art in nature, politics, and everything around him.Keywords: William.B.Yeats, poems, style, language, etc

LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ISSUES IN TRANSLATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ON NOVELS OF JAMES JOYCE, SAUL BELLOW, AND VLADIMIR NABOKOV TRANSLATED FROM ENGLISH INTO ALBANIAN BY BETIM MUÇO

This study is a comparative analysis on linguistic, cultural and literary translation which aims at describing differences and similarities between two languages English and Albanian in order to establish a translation modeling. Subsequently, it will examine lexicogrammatical and syntactic features, cultural issues, stylistic processes of translations, and the occurrences of three aspects of text: macrostructure, microstructure and systemic context in translations from English to Albanian in three modern novels written in English and their Albanian translations by Betim Muço, such as: “A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man” written by James Joyce, “Seize the Day” written by Saul Bellow, and “Lolita” written by Vladimir Nabokov. From the study, it will be also found if there are substantial relations among the metatexts, macrostructures and microstructures. The macrostructures are universals accommodated by language register. The microstructures, however, do not reflect systematic correspondence; they are often determined by language peculiarities and translators‟ preference and choice. English is more diverse with its peculiarities allowing many microstructure elements to surface. Albanian, on the other hand, shows moderate usage and less distinctive usage of microstructure elements. Generally, it will be examined if there are substantial intertextual and intersystemic relations between translated versions by all the three novels from the same translator and as proposed by José Lambert and Hendrik van Gorp. Moreover, consideration will be given to the importance of language characteristics, typology and language universals as explained differently by Noam Chomsky in his „Universal Grammar‟ and Joseph Greenberg in order for the translation to achieve greater acceptability for the readership.Keywords: linguistic approach, cultural approach, translation strategies, translation theories, literal translation, etc

ПРЕФЕРИРАЊЕ НА ПРАВИЛНО ОДНЕСУВАЊЕ НА ИНДИВИДУИТЕ И ГРУПИТЕ ВО ОРГАНИЗАЦИСКИТЕ СИСТЕМИ

Секое општество се стреми кон постојан развој, што во голема мерка зависи од неговата стопанска активност преку која се создаваат производи и услуги за задоволување на потребите на поединците, но и на општеството во целина. Носители на стопанската активност се различните форми за организирањеорганизации. Организациите се социјални или општествени творби, создадени заради контролирано извршување на заедничките цели. Организацијата може да се сфати како едно тело со многу органи што имаат различни функции и цели кои произлегуваат од поделбата на работата. Организирањето е процес на поделба на работите меѓу групите и индивидуите, и координирање на нивните активности за постигнување на целите на организацијата. Во текот на работењето, и индивидуите и организацијата како целина се развива и се соочува со одредени предизвици. Особено е интересно да се набљудува организацијата како еден целосен организам, а секоја индивидуа како негов составен дел

MANIFESTATIONS OF POVERTY IN WORLD LITERATURE

This study would like to examine manifestations of poverty in the light of world literature. For this purpose, it would like to investigate the selected-literary texts, like Kazi Nazrul Islam’s “Poverty”, Thomas Montague Traherne’s Poverty, and Charles Dickens’ Hard Times. It aims to look at the real picture of poverty of the age, which has been reflected in their works. It would like to focus upon the manifestations of poverty and its relation with the current age. Nazrul, Dickens, and Traherne have led their personal lives with great hardship, bitterness experiences, psychological problems, like trauma and paranoia during their life span. They have tried to draw a light upon personal inflicting senses and mental disorders of the poor communities through their literary works. They have wanted to explore the practical circumstances and dark aspects of human society, community, and culture with a view to bringing about revolutionary changes of the poor community of the world around. Of course, such writers and their literary works are the symbol of today’s society as well as literature. In this sense, it may be expressed that Nazrul, Dickens, and Traherne are the representatives of the age. The researchers’ goal is that poverty is profoundly dealt with human life; no literature can express his perfect feeling and imagination if he has not tasted the bitterness experience of poverty in life. In many countries of the world, many litterateurs have focused upon the practical experiences of social problems of their hard times in the name of poverty. Thus, this study would like to foster unexplored-glaring themes of poverty through investigating the selected-works as well as the critical comments regarding poverty made by critics and scholars.Keywords: Poverty, Hard Times, Spiritual Crisis, Nazrul, Traherne, and Dickens.

Symbolic Realism in Ibsen’s A Doll’s House: An Overview

In this article, our purpose is to focus on Ibsen’s realistic attitudes towards the 19th century Scandinavian bourgeois society. It also attempts to make use of symbolism, metamorphosis, art of characterization, plot-construction, and unity of opposites of Ibsen’s moral, social, and economic problems. Here, we have purposefully exposed Nora not only as a symbol of Ibsen’s contemporary feminism but as a universal feminism. Ibsen was concerned with the crisis of liberalism, the conflicts of the bourgeois families, woman's emancipation, and the psychological dilemma of the individual and the power of economy over human relations in capitalist society. It also aims at unveiling women’s everyday problems and social reality through applying symbolic realism in the play, A Doll’s House. Actually, our aim is to look at Ibsen’s subtle viewpoints towards socio-realistic criticism with a view to exposing the then Scandinavian women’s problems and social reality of the bourgeois family, the brief discussion of realism, symbolic realism as in shown in this play through unveiling Ibsen’s art of characterizations.Keywords: A Doll’s House, Ibsen, Nora, realism, symbolism, and Torvald Helmer