Effect of Various Infusion Solutions on Microrheology

Objective: to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of various infusion solutions on red blood cell rheology in the early posttraumatic period. Material and methods. The in vitro study assessed crystalloids, albumin, dextrans, modified gelatin, and different generations of hydroxyethyl starches (HES). The preparations were added to blood in a 1:10 dilution; before and after their addition, the values of erythrocyte aggregation and erythrocyte deformability were estimated. The in vivo study covered 59 patients with severe concomitant injury, who were divided into 3 groups: 1) those who received crystalloids only; 2) those who had crystalloids + 6% HES 130/0.42; 3) those who had crystalloids + gelofusine. The same parameters of red blood cell rheology were estimated as in the in vitro study. Results. Albumin, repolyglycan, and HES 130/0.42 were found to have the most pronounced disaggregatory effect in vitro. At the same time, polyglycan, gelofusine, and HES 450/0.7 in particular, enhanced erythrocyte aggregation. In vitro, albumin, HES 130/0.42, and HES 200/0.5 exerted the most beneficial effect on erythrocyte deformability whereas dextrans made the latter worse and HES 450/0.7 and gelofusine failed to have a considerable effect on it. The early posttraumatic period was marked by progressive erythrocyte hyperaggregation and phasic deformability changes. Significant microrheological disorders persisted in the patients on infusion therapy with crystalloid solutions only. Addition of HES 130/0.42 to infusion therapy improved the deformability of erythrocytes and lowered their aggregation. The use of gelofusine as a component of infusion therapy caused a moderate increase in erythrocyte aggregation. Key words: infusion therapy, erythrocyte deformability, erythrocyte aggregation

GPR for mapping fractures for the extraction of facing granite from a quarry: A case study from Republic of Karelia

The main idea of the article is the problem of choosing the optimal complex of geophysical methods to study the coverage and localization of cavity in the rock massif. The necessity of using ground penetration radar (GPR) work on the facing stone deposits in the process of massif research has been identified and justified. Based on the study, the author proposed the use of two types of antennas with the aim of penetrating to different depths. The presented conclusions prove that using georadar for study of fracturing in a facing stone deposit could be effective

Hybrid antibiotics based on azithromycin and glycopeptides: Synthesis and antibacterial activity

A series of hybrid antibiotics on the basis of azithromycin and glycopeptides with the glycopeptide molecule attached via the aminoalkylcarbamoyl spacer to 11-position of the macrolide was synthesized. All the synthesized compounds demonstrated equal or superior to azithromycin and vancomycin antibacterial activity against 7 tested strains of grampositive bacteria. The new hybrid antibiotics were more active than azithromycin or vancomycin against S.pneumoniae ATCC 49619. Some of the compounds were active against E.faecium and E.faecalis strains resistant to vancomycin

Hybrid antibiotics based on azithromycin and glycopeptides: Synthesis and antibacterial activity

A series of hybrid antibiotics on the basis of azithromycin and glycopeptides with the glycopeptide molecule attached via the aminoalkylcarbamoyl spacer to 11-position of the macrolide was synthesized. All the synthesized compounds demonstrated equal or superior to azithromycin and vancomycin antibacterial activity against 7 tested strains of grampositive bacteria. The new hybrid antibiotics were more active than azithromycin or vancomycin against S.pneumoniae ATCC 49619. Some of the compounds were active against E.faecium and E.faecalis strains resistant to vancomycin

In vivo antimicrobial and wound-healing activity of resveratrol, dihydroquercetin and dihydromyricetin against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans

An increase in the spread of antibiotic-resistant opportunistic microorganisms causes serious problems in the treatment of purulent infections, burns, and trophic ulcers. We tested the antimicrobial activity in vivo of three polyphenols, Resveratrol, Dihydroquercetin (Taxifolin), and Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin) from Norway spruce bark to promote the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans from wounds. Purulent infection was modelled on wounds in rats infected with suspensions containing 109 CFU (colony-forming unit)/mL of pathogens. The wound area was treated daily with solutions of the polyphenols or placebo for 14 days after the beginning of the treatment. The animals were examined daily, and each stage of the wound healing (inflammation, granulation, and maturation (marginal epithelialisation) was documented. The planimetric analysis of the wound recovery percentage was performed on the 3rd, 10th, and 14th day after the start of curing. Then, one echelon (three or four animals from each subgroup) was withdrawn from the experiment on days 3 (three animals), 10 (three animals), and 14 (four animals) for microscopy analysis of cytological composition of their wound defects by microscopy and microbiological analysis of their contamination with pathogens. Our results show that they are also able to suppress mast cell infiltration and stimulate lymphocyte and macrophage (monocyte) infiltration into the wound. Resveratrol stimulated the replacement of the scar with normal tissue (with a clear boundary between the dermis and epidermis) and the restoration of hair follicles. Resveratrol turned out to be significantly better than some commercial antimicrobial (Levomecol) and antifungal (Clotrimazole) ointments and can be proposed as a promising drug for topical use for the treatment of trophic ulcers and burns

A study of antimicrobial activity of polyphenols derived from wood.

Due to the spreading and increasing drug resistance of pathogens, the search for novel antibiotics is becoming ever more important. Plant-derived polyphenols are a vast and promising class of compounds with a potential to fight infectious diseases. Still, they are not routinely used in clinical practice. No reports on the in vivo studies of these compounds have been presented. The aim of our work was to compare the antimicrobial activity of resveratrol (stilbene), dihydroquercetin and dihydromyricetin (flavonols) extracted from the bark and wood of conifers against the dermatophytes Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Using the radial diffusion assay, we established that dihydroquercetin, resveratrol and dihydromyricetin exhibit high activity against S. aureus even at the smallest possible concentrations of 0.22, 0.15, and 0.15 mM, respectively. In contrast, the highest achievable concentrations of these compounds in the solutions (21.5, 15.5 and 15.0 mM for dihydroquercetin, resveratrol and dihydromyricetin, respectively) have no effect on the growth of P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. These findings suggest that polyphenols derived from conifers could have a potential to be used as a medicine for topical application to treat bacterial infections of the skin caused by S. aureus