Features of crop formation and productivity of legume-festulolium grass mixtures in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia

The article presents the results of four years of research in a field experiment conducted on medium-loamy gray forest soil of the Kaluga region. The soil of the experiment was characterized by: humus content - 2.7%, pH – 5.9, gross nitrogen content - 0.12%, mobile phosphorus content - 135, exchangeable potassium - 100 mg/kg of soil. Objects of research: festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties, skip-row sown and in mixtures with legumes grasses - meadow clover of the Delets and Orlovsky varieties, alfalfa variable Sarga variety and Eastern galega Gale variety. Legumes-festulolium grass mixtures on average for three years formed the green mass and dry matter yield in the range of 34.5-43.5; 34,8-43,9 and 7,2-9,3; 7,2-9,4 t/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed sowing methods. The maximum productivity was obtained in a grass mixture of alfalfa of the hybrid Sarga variety with festulolium of the Allegro variety. The yield of exchange energy in legume-festulolium grass mixtures was in the range of 66.8-90.4 and 68.1-91.3 GJ/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed crops. The largest collection was provided by alfalfa-festulolium mixtures. Alfalfa grass mixtures of the Sarga variety with festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties provided the collection of crude protein 17.1-17.3 and 16.7-17.2 c/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed sowing methods. The collection of crude protein in clover- and galega-festulolium grass mixtures did not exceed 11.7 and 12.0 c/ha. The total energy costs and the energy efficiency coefficient according to the experimental variants were 17.2-17.7 GJ/ha and 3.8-5.1 for skip-row, 17.3-17.8 GJ/ha and 3.9-5.1 for mixed crops, respectively. Grass mixtures with the participation of alfalfa of the Sarga variety and festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties had the highest total energy costs and the maximum energy efficiency coefficient

A global research priority agenda to advance public health responses to fatty liver disease

Background & aims An estimated 38% of adults worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). From individual impacts to widespread public health and economic consequences, the implications of this disease are profound. This study aimed to develop an aligned, prioritised fatty liver disease research agenda for the global health community. Methods Nine co-chairs drafted initial research priorities, subsequently reviewed by 40 core authors and debated during a three-day in-person meeting. Following a Delphi methodology, over two rounds, a large panel (R1 n = 344, R2 n = 288) reviewed the priorities, via Qualtrics XM, indicating agreement using a four-point Likert-scale and providing written feedback. The core group revised the draft priorities between rounds. In R2, panellists also ranked the priorities within six domains: epidemiology, models of care, treatment and care, education and awareness, patient and community perspectives, and leadership and public health policy. Results The consensus-built fatty liver disease research agenda encompasses 28 priorities. The mean percentage of ‘agree’ responses increased from 78.3 in R1 to 81.1 in R2. Five priorities received unanimous combined agreement (‘agree’ + ‘somewhat agree’); the remaining 23 priorities had >90% combined agreement. While all but one of the priorities exhibited at least a super-majority of agreement (>66.7% ‘agree’), 13 priorities had 90% combined agreement. Conclusions Adopting this multidisciplinary consensus-built research priorities agenda can deliver a step-change in addressing fatty liver disease, mitigating against its individual and societal harms and proactively altering its natural history through prevention, identification, treatment, and care. This agenda should catalyse the global health community’s efforts to advance and accelerate responses to this widespread and fast-growing public health threat. Impact and implications An estimated 38% of adults and 13% of children and adolescents worldwide have fatty liver disease, making it the most prevalent liver disease in history. Despite substantial scientific progress in the past three decades, the burden continues to grow, with an urgent need to advance understanding of how to prevent, manage, and treat the disease. Through a global consensus process, a multidisciplinary group agreed on 28 research priorities covering a broad range of themes, from disease burden, treatment, and health system responses to awareness and policy. The findings have relevance for clinical and non-clinical researchers as well as funders working on fatty liver disease and non-communicable diseases more broadly, setting out a prioritised, ranked research agenda for turning the tide on this fast-growing public health threat

Elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity relative to the spectator plane in Pb–Pb and Xe–Xe collisions

Measurements of the elliptic flow coefficient relative to the collision plane defined by the spectator neutrons v2{ SP} in collisions of Pb ions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair √ 2.76 TeV and Xe ions at √ sNN = sNN =5.44 TeV are reported. The results are presented for charged particles produced at midrapidity as a function of centrality and transverse momentum for the 5–70% and 0.2–6 GeV/c ranges, respectively. The ratio between v2{ SP} and the elliptic flow coefficient relative to the participant plane v2{4}, estimated using four-particle correlations, deviates by up to 20% from unity depending on centrality. This observation differs strongly from the magnitude of the corresponding eccentricity ratios predicted by the TRENTo and the elliptic power models of initial state fluctuations that are tuned to describe the participant plane anisotropies. The differences can be interpreted as a decorrelation of the neutron spectator plane and the reaction plane because of fragmentation of the remnants from the colliding nuclei, which points to an incompleteness of current models describing the initial state fluctuations. A significant transverse momentum dependence of the ratio v2{ SP}/v2{4} is observed in all but the most central collisions, which may help to understand whether momentum anisotropies at low and intermediate transverse momentum have a common origin in initial state f luctuations. The ratios of v2{ SP} and v2{4} to the corresponding initial state eccentricities for Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb collisions at similar initial entropy density show a difference of (7.0 ±0.9)%with an additional variation of +1.8% when including RHIC data in the TRENTo parameter extraction. These observations provide new experimental constraints for viscous effects in the hydrodynamic modeling of the expanding quark–gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC

First measurement of Ωc0 production in pp collisions at s=13 TeV

The inclusive production of the charm–strange baryon 0 c is measured for the first time via its hadronic √ decay into −π+ at midrapidity (|y| <0.5) in proton–proton (pp) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy s =13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The transverse momentum (pT) differential cross section multiplied by the branching ratio is presented in the interval 2 < pT < 12 GeV/c. The pT dependence of the 0 c-baryon production relative to the prompt D0-meson and to the prompt 0 c-baryon production is compared to various models that take different hadronisation mechanisms into consideration. In the measured pT interval, the ratio of the pT-integrated cross sections of 0 c and prompt + c baryons multiplied by the −π+ branching ratio is found to be larger by a factor of about 20 with a significance of about 4σ when compared to e+e− collisions

Aggregation properties of p-and n-functionalized calix[4]resorcine in water/oil emulsion in the presence of sulfate reducing desulfobacter bacteria

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This paper presents a comparative study of the aggregation properties of P-and N-functionalized calix[4] resorcines in "water/oil emulsion + Desulfobacter culture". It has been shown that both compounds under study displayed aggregation properties in low concentration range. Nevertheless, their structural features affect the aggregation process. Moreover, the beginning of aggregation of N-functionalized calix[4]resorcine with petroleum hydrocarbons molecules and microorganism cells shifted to lower concentration zones than the one of P-functionalized calix[4]resorcine. However, P-functionalized calix[4]resorcine was characterized by a wider interval at which the structuring of the water/oil emulsion is observed

Features of crop formation and productivity of legume-festulolium grass mixtures in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia

The article presents the results of four years of research in a field experiment conducted on medium-loamy gray forest soil of the Kaluga region. The soil of the experiment was characterized by: humus content - 2.7%, pH – 5.9, gross nitrogen content - 0.12%, mobile phosphorus content - 135, exchangeable potassium - 100 mg/kg of soil. Objects of research: festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties, skip-row sown and in mixtures with legumes grasses - meadow clover of the Delets and Orlovsky varieties, alfalfa variable Sarga variety and Eastern galega Gale variety. Legumes-festulolium grass mixtures on average for three years formed the green mass and dry matter yield in the range of 34.5-43.5; 34,8-43,9 and 7,2-9,3; 7,2-9,4 t/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed sowing methods. The maximum productivity was obtained in a grass mixture of alfalfa of the hybrid Sarga variety with festulolium of the Allegro variety. The yield of exchange energy in legume-festulolium grass mixtures was in the range of 66.8-90.4 and 68.1-91.3 GJ/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed crops. The largest collection was provided by alfalfa-festulolium mixtures. Alfalfa grass mixtures of the Sarga variety with festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties provided the collection of crude protein 17.1-17.3 and 16.7-17.2 c/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed sowing methods. The collection of crude protein in clover- and galega-festulolium grass mixtures did not exceed 11.7 and 12.0 c/ha. The total energy costs and the energy efficiency coefficient according to the experimental variants were 17.2-17.7 GJ/ha and 3.8-5.1 for skip-row, 17.3-17.8 GJ/ha and 3.9-5.1 for mixed crops, respectively. Grass mixtures with the participation of alfalfa of the Sarga variety and festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties had the highest total energy costs and the maximum energy efficiency coefficient

Assessment of actual nutrition and body composition in patients with HIV infection

The objective. To study actual nutrition and body composition of HIV-infected patients for detailed elaboration of changes in their nutritional status. Patients and methods. The study included 45 patients with HIV infection (29 men and 16 women). The mean age was 28.6 years. In the group of study, patients at stages 3 and 4A prevailed (67%). The control group comprised 19 practically healthy individuals aged 21 to 44 years, 11 men and 8 women. During a patient's visit his or her actual nutrition in home settings was investigated by the method of frequency analysis using the questionnaire design according to the computer programme «Analysis of the state of human nutrition» (version 1.2 GU Nutrition Institute RAMS, 2003-2005) and body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis according to standard methods using a human body composition analyzer (InBody 720, Korea). Results. As has been found, 43 individuals (96%) had normal body weight (BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2), one patient (2%) was overweight (BMI from 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2), one patient (2%) was underweight (BMI under 18.5 kg/m2) with signs of lipodystrophy. Analysis of actual nutrition of HIV-infected individuals has shown that patients do not receive carbohydrates in recommended amounts: mean value is 207 g/day for men and 160 g/day for women (while 260-500 and 225-400 g/day, respectively, are recommended), which might lead to enhanced metabolism and worsened assimilation of such macronutrients as fats and proteins and have a negative effect on energy metabolism and synthesis of the components of the immune system. A daily intake contained a higher proportion of saturated fats (11% of caloric content) and insufficient amounts of products with monounsaturated fats (4.7% of caloric content), which enhances a risk for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications. Assessment of body composition parameters in patients with HIV infection has shown a significant decrease of fat mass, normal values of skeletal muscle mass, normal values of total water and mineral substances. Conclusion. The above disorders necessitate modification of actual nutrition of patients with HIV infection and development of specialised diets for this cohort of patients

Isomeric specific analysis of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in blood samples from obese patients with non-alcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis

The aim of the study was to perform isomeric analysis of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) in blood samples from obese patients with non-alcoholic (NASH) and alcoholic (ASH) steatohepatitis. Sixty nine obese patients with liver steatosis according to abdominal US data and chronic ALT elevation were assign into two groups according to the evaluation of alcohol consumption by GAGE and AUDIT questionnaires: NASH - 39 patients and ASH - 30 patients. The identification and quantification of 5(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 15-HETE and also non-enzymatic oxidation product 11-HETE in blood plasma were carried out by HPLC-MS-TOF with using 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid as internal standard. The position of hydroxyl group in HETE was elucidated by HPLC-MS/MS. The MS/MS transitions were for 15-HETE m/z 319 → m/z 219; for 11-HETE m/z 319 →m/z 167; for 5-HETE m/z 319→m/z 115. Patients ' body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance, resting energy expenditures (REE) were assessed by indirect calorimetry and nutrition pattern was examined by food frequency questionnaire. Mean age, BMI and ALT serum level were similar in patients from ASH and NASH groups. Blood plasma 8+12-HETE concentration was also similar in both groups of patients, but concentration of 15-HETE (21,6±20,2 vs 11,9±13,7 μg/ml,p=0,02) and 11-HETE (20,8±21,3 vs 11,2±12,9 μg/ml,p=0,03) was significantly higher in NASH patients. ASH patients demonstrated higher lean body mass (68,1±10,6 vs 57,9±9,8 kg, p<0,001) and muscle mass (39,3±6,1 vs 33,2±6,8 kg, p<0,04) and higher rate of protein oxidation (98,5±31 vs 76,2±21,1 g/day,p=0,02) recalculated from REE. There were no differences found in blood lipids content as well as in consumption of total dietary fat, however, there was a trend to difference in saturated/unsaturated fatty acids ratio between groups (2,3±0,2 in NASH and 1,4±0,3 in ASH patients). In conclusion, the rate of production of eicosatetraenoic acid metabolites by lipoxygenase pathway is different in NASH and ASH overweight patients. It means that possibly different mechanisms are responsible for formation of potentially toxic fatty acids metabolites in these two types of patients. It seems likely that differences in fatty acids consumption pattern are related to this metabolic pathway

Assessment of actual nutrition and body composition in patients with HIV infection

The objective. To study actual nutrition and body composition of HIV-infected patients for detailed elaboration of changes in their nutritional status. Patients and methods. The study included 45 patients with HIV infection (29 men and 16 women). The mean age was 28.6 years. In the group of study, patients at stages 3 and 4A prevailed (67%). The control group comprised 19 practically healthy individuals aged 21 to 44 years, 11 men and 8 women. During a patient's visit his or her actual nutrition in home settings was investigated by the method of frequency analysis using the questionnaire design according to the computer programme «Analysis of the state of human nutrition» (version 1.2 GU Nutrition Institute RAMS, 2003-2005) and body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis according to standard methods using a human body composition analyzer (InBody 720, Korea). Results. As has been found, 43 individuals (96%) had normal body weight (BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2), one patient (2%) was overweight (BMI from 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2), one patient (2%) was underweight (BMI under 18.5 kg/m2) with signs of lipodystrophy. Analysis of actual nutrition of HIV-infected individuals has shown that patients do not receive carbohydrates in recommended amounts: mean value is 207 g/day for men and 160 g/day for women (while 260-500 and 225-400 g/day, respectively, are recommended), which might lead to enhanced metabolism and worsened assimilation of such macronutrients as fats and proteins and have a negative effect on energy metabolism and synthesis of the components of the immune system. A daily intake contained a higher proportion of saturated fats (11% of caloric content) and insufficient amounts of products with monounsaturated fats (4.7% of caloric content), which enhances a risk for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications. Assessment of body composition parameters in patients with HIV infection has shown a significant decrease of fat mass, normal values of skeletal muscle mass, normal values of total water and mineral substances. Conclusion. The above disorders necessitate modification of actual nutrition of patients with HIV infection and development of specialised diets for this cohort of patients