Validated instruments used to measure attitudes of healthcare students and professionals towards patients with physical disability: a systematic review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Instruments to detect changes in attitudes towards people with disabilities are important for evaluation of training programs and for research. While we were interested in instruments specific for medical students, we aimed to systematically review the medical literature for validated survey instruments used to measure attitudes of healthcare students and professionals towards patients with physical disability.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We electronically searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Health and Psychosocial Instruments. We included papers reporting on the development and/or validation of survey instruments to measure attitudes of healthcare students and professionals towards patients with physical disability. We excluded papers in which the attitudes were not measured in a provider-patient context. Two reviewers carried out titles and abstracts screening, full texts screening, and data abstraction in a duplicate and independent manner using standardized and pilot tested forms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified seven validated survey instruments used for healthcare students and professionals. These instruments were originally developed for the following target populations: general population (n = 4); dental students (n = 1); nursing students (n = 1); and rehabilitation professionals (n = 1). The types of validity reported for these instruments were content validity (n = 3), criterion-related validity (n = 1), construct validity (n = 2), face validity (n = 1), discriminant validity (n = 1), and responsiveness (n = 1). The most widely validated and used tool (ATDP) was developed in the late 1960s while the most recent instrument was developed in the early 1990s.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Of the seven identified validated instruments, less than half were specifically designed for healthcare students and professionals and none for medical students. There is a need to develop and validate a contemporary instrument specifically for medical students.</p

In search of the authentic nation: landscape and national identity in Canada and Switzerland

While the study of nationalism and national identity has flourished in the last decade, little attention has been devoted to the conditions under which natural environments acquire significance in definitions of nationhood. This article examines the identity-forming role of landscape depictions in two polyethnic nation-states: Canada and Switzerland. Two types of geographical national identity are identified. The first – what we call the ‘nationalisation of nature’– portrays zarticular landscapes as expressions of national authenticity. The second pattern – what we refer to as the ‘naturalisation of the nation’– rests upon a notion of geographical determinism that depicts specific landscapes as forces capable of determining national identity. The authors offer two reasons why the second pattern came to prevail in the cases under consideration: (1) the affinity between wild landscape and the Romantic ideal of pure, rugged nature, and (2) a divergence between the nationalist ideal of ethnic homogeneity and the polyethnic composition of the two societies under consideration

The Andes of southern Peru; geographical reconnaissance along the seventy-third meridian,

"The geographic work of the Yale Peruvian expedition of 1911 was essentially a reconnaissance of the Peruvian Andes along the 73d meridian."--Pref.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet

Geographical review.

Mode of access: Internet.v.1-15 (1916-1925) 1 v.; v.16-25 (1926-1935) 1 v.; v.26-35 (1936-1945); v.36-45 (1946-1955) 1 v.Editors: 1916-June 1920, I. Bowman and others; July 1920- G. M. Wrigley

Argument of Isaiah T. Williams, esq., before His Honor, Judge Betts, upon the question of the jurisdiction of the Prize court, in the case of a vessel captured for a breach of the blockade

Caption title: In admiralty ... Harlan, Hollingsworth, & co. against The steamship Nassau, &cAt head of title: Prize jurisdictionCover-titleMode of access: Internet