Plagiarism and “self-plagiarism” in scientific works in the age of digital technologies

As well as streamlining academic research activities, contemporary technologies provide opportunities to infringe on the intellectual property of others through plagiarism. However, plagiarism has yet to be adequately dealt with in national legislations, which either do not contain any provision in this connection or fail to adequately define the relevant terms. Moreover, there continues to be much discussion as to what plagiarism is, as well as how and in what cases it should be punishable. The situation is further complicated by the various approaches to plagiarism and the lack of consensus on whether so-called “self-plagiarism” should be treated separately from the intentional infringement of other people’s intellectual property or be deemed as a form of plagiarism. With the aim of clarifying these questions, the authors of the present paper compare different approaches taken to the problem of plagiarism and consider some contemporary approaches to plagiarism detection

Assessment of the Psychological Well-Being of Russian Youth With the PERMA-Profiler

Received 25 June 2022. Accepted 16 November 2022. Published online 30 December 2022.This article presents the results of a survey of the psychological well-being of Russian youth based on the Russian version of the PERMA-Profiler. The survey was conducted at the beginning of 2021 and covered 11,811 respondents (males = 29.2%, females = 70.8%) aged 18–35 (49.2%, aged 18–22; 22.3%, aged 23–30; and 28.5%, aged 31–35) living in the central part of Russia. The survey’s results indicate that the country perform properly in terms of youth well-being. The scores of Russian respondents are significantly higher than the results reported by Butler and Kern for the UK, Greece, Korea, Italy, and the USA in their study of 2016 (this sample is referred to as a total sample). The Russian respondents scored higher compared to the total sample in the scales of Positive emotions and Relationships. The research data show different indicators of well-being in groups differing by gender, age, education, social, marital and parental status, living conditions, and income level. We also found some peculiar age- and gender-related differences regarding well-being in the Russian sample, which also distinguishes it from the total sample. The research results can be used in programs intended to improve the psychological well-being of Russian youth.This work was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (RSF), project No 22-28-20262

GENETIC FORMATION FACTORS OF DAIRY EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF CATTLE MILK

Experimental results of studying the efficiency of cattle selection method use on a genotype are presented to technologies of industrial milk production. For carrying out researches three groups of cows of the Ural black-andwhite breed type from lines Sovering Reflexion, Vis Back Ideal, Montwick Chiftain were created, up to 20 heads in every. The comparative analysis of dairy efficiency and quality of cow milk of different linear accessory is carried out. Impact of linear accessory of cows on a milk yield in 305 days of lactation, the content in milk of fat and protein, a ratio in milk protein of replaceable and irreplaceable amino acids is defined. It is revealed that the Ballele a kappa casein is characterized by the high content of protein in milk with the best abomasal coagulability. 14.3% of cows of the line Montwick Chiftain and 8% Sovering Reflexion had a desirable genotype on kappa casein - Centuries. Protein content in cow milk with a genotype of BB exceeded milk-protein indicators of cows of other genotypes by 0.14-0.18%. By amount of irreplaceable amino acids cow milk of the line Vis Back Ideal was the best that exceeded value of this indicator in cow milk of the line Montwick Chiftain and Sovering Reflexion by 9.5% and 4.5% respectively. It is established that in cow milk with AA genotype the share of irreplaceable amino acids exceeded their content as a part of the general protein in cow milk with a genotype of BB and AB for 8.9 and 39% respectively. Keywords: milk, kappa casein, milk fat and protein, selection, genotype, amino acids

Frequency of Interferon-Resistance Conferring Substitutions in Amino Acid Positions 70 and 91 of Core Protein of the Russian HCV 1b Isolates Analyzed in the T-Cell Epitopic Context

Funding Information: This study was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (Project ID 15-15-30039). Mobility and training of the researchers was supported by the grants of the Swedish Institute (TP 09272/2013 and PI 19806/2016). Publisher Copyright: © 2018 V. S. Kichatova et al.Amino acid substitutions R70Q/H and L91M in HCV subtype 1b core protein can affect the response to interferon and are associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. We found that the rate of R70Q/H in HCV 1b from Russia was 31.2%, similar to that in HCV strains from Asia (34.0%), higher than that in the European (18.0%, p=0.0010), but lower than that in the US HCV 1b strains (62.8%, p<0.0001). Substitution L91M was found in 80.4% of the Russian HCV 1b isolates, higher than in Asian isolates (43.8%, p<0.0001). Thus, a significant proportion of Russian HCV 1b isolates carry the unfavorable R70Q/H and/or L91M substitution. In silico analysis of the epitopic structure of the regions of substitutions revealed that both harbor clusters of T-cell epitopes. Peptides encompassing these regions were predicted to bind to a panel of HLA class I molecules, with substitutions impairing peptide recognition by HLA I molecules of the alleles prevalent in Russia. This indicates that HCV 1b with R70Q/H and L91M substitutions may have evolved as the immune escape variants. Impairment of T-cell recognition may play a part in the negative effect of these substitutions on the response to IFN treatment.Peer reviewe

Changes of photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in typha angustifolia L grown in conditions of nitrate nitrogen overload

Nitrates may induce alterations in NO-signaling system and change photosynthesis in plants. Significant reduction of 14CO 2 fixation was noted at concentration of 3.96 mM NaNO 3 in an aquatic macrophyte (Typha angustifolia L.). Assimilation of 14CO 2 seven days after the introduction of nitrates did not differ between control and experimental samples. There were changes in distribution of 14C among products of 4CO 2 fixation 4 h after NaNO 3 addition, resulting in increased sugar radioactivity in experimental plants. It was suggested that the observed changes may have regulatory importance. © 2012 by Acta Botanica Croatica, the Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb

Antimicrobial resistance in clinical <I>Escherichia coli</I> isolates obtained from animals

The article presents data on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of antimicriobial resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates recovered from bovine microbiota (secretions from mammary glands, cervical swabs). 127 Escherichia coli isolates were studied, i.e. 44 from mammary glands secretions and 83 from cervical swabs. Disk diffusion method was used to study antimicrobial resistance of the cultures; minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials were determined in a serial dilution method; resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The carried out research demonstrates a wide distribution of the isolates belonging to the phenotype resistant to ansamycins (rifampicin), semi-synthetic penicillins (ampicillin and amoxicillin), tetracyclines (doxycycline). The isolates showed a lower level of resistance to macrolides (azithromycin), amphenicols (levomycetin) and aminoglycosides (tobramycin). It was found that Escherichia coli clinical isolates are sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolone antimicrobials. However, since 28.46% of cultures demonstrate intermediate resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and 49.02% of Escherichia coli DNA samples isolated from mammal gland secretions had blaDHA gene associated with resistance to this group of antimicrobials, these antimicrobials could be hardly recommended as antibiotics of choice. Absence of VIM carbapenemase-encoding gene in the DNA of the recovered isolates and a low level of phenotypic resistance (10.22% of isolates from cervical swabs) can be one of the reasons for recommending first-line carbapenems as antibiotics of choice to treat animal diseases associated with Escherichia coli, along with fluoroquinolones as reserve antimicrobials. It was found that the recovered Escherichia coli isolates are more sensitive to combination antibiotics than to mono-antibiotics

The Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being and Intrinsic Motivation of Students Involved in Programming

Анализируется внутренняя мотивация студентов, увлеченных программированием, и ее взаимосвязь с психологическим благополучием. Описывается выраженность компонентов благополучия и видов мотивации студентов, увлеченных программированием, и студентов, увлеченных другими видами деятельности. Устанавливаются корреляции между внутренней мотивацией и психологическим благополучием студентов, увлеченных программированием.The intrinsic motivation of students who are involved in programming and its correlation with psychological well-being is analyzed. It describes the severity of the components of well-being and types of motivation of students who are involved in programming, and students who are passionate about other activities. Correlations are established between intrinsic motivation and psychological well-being of students who are involved in programming.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (РНФ) в рамках научного проекта № 19-78-10134

Tuning strategy for Curie-temperature enhancement in the van der Waals magnet Mn_1+xSb_2−xTe₄

The van-der-Waals antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 is one of the few materials that realize the sought-after quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state and quantized surface charge transport. To assess the relevance of its isostructural analog MnSb2Te4 as a potential QAH candidate, the roles of Mn/Sb site mixing and cationic vacancies need to be clarified. Recent findings have shown that non-stoichiometry in Mn1±xSb2∓xTe4 is an efficient tuning knob to achieve a net spin-polarized state and to raise the magnetic ordering temperature well above that of MnBi2Te4. Here, we report the crystal structure, the bulk and the surface magnetism of two new Mn1+xSb2−xTe4 samples: Mn1.08Sb1.92Te4(x ≈ 0.1) with TC = 44 K, and Mn2.01Sb1.19Te4(x ≈ 1.0) with the record TC = 58 K. We quantify the site mixing comprehensively by combining various structural probes on powders and single crystals, and then employ bulk, local (electron spin resonance), and spectroscopic (x-ray magnetic circular dichroism) probes to connect these insights to the magnetism of these materials. We demonstrate that Mn over-stoichiometry up to x = 1.0, in combination with a particular Mn/Sb intermixing pattern and the increasingly three-dimensional character of the magnetic order, push the TC upwards. The tendency towards more robust ferromagnetism mediated by stronger interlayer exchange in Mn1+xSb2−xTe4 upon increasing x is confirmed by bulk magnetometry and by a series of density-functional-theory calculations of model structures with varying intermixing.</p

Критерии судебно-психологической экспертной оценки юридически релевантных эмоциональных состояний у обвиняемых: методические рекомендации

The paper discusses a multivariate classification of the concept of “heat of passion” as it is used in forensic psychology, as well as emotional reactions and emotional states. It explores the criteria for differential diagnosis of “heat of passion” and emotional states that have a significant effect on the defendant's consciousness and behavior at the time of committing a crime. An algorithm of forensic psychological evaluation of the defendant's emotional states is proposed, together with examples of sample wording of expert conclusions, and their legal meaning.Приведены многомерная классификация судебно-психологического понятия аффекта, эмоциональные реакции и состояния. Раскрыты критерии дифференциальной диагностики аффекта и эмоциональных состояний, оказывающих существенное влияние на сознание и поведение обвиняемых в момент совершения правонарушения. Даны алгоритм производства экспертизы эмоциональных состояний обвиняемого, типичные формулировки экспертных выводов, показано их юридическое значение