Formaldehyde Exposure and Lower Respiratory Infections in Infants: Findings from the PARIS Cohort Study

Background: Certain chemical pollutants can exacerbate lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs), a common childhood ailment. Although formaldehyde (FA) is one of the most common air pollutants found in indoor environments, its impact on infant health is uncertain

Modélisation biostatistique de données longitudinales (applications à des marqueurs immunologiques de l'infection à VIH)

PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Mathématiques rech (751052111) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Nutrition et diététique du sportif (intérêt des produits diététiques de l'effort)

PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Intoxication oculaire au formaldéhyde

International audienceLe formaldéhyde est une molécule incolore, gazeuse à température ambiante et soluble dans l'eau. Il est produit par une réaction entre l'ozone et différents alcènes. Son utilisation très générale comme conservateur et antibactérien en fait un polluant majeur. Les cellules de l'oeil et des tissus respiratoires sont en première ligne face à cette molécule. Des études concluantes ont déjà été réalisées sur l'atteinte du système respiratoire, c'est pourquoi nous cherchons à évaluer la toxicité du formaldéhyde pour les cellules de l'oeil, notamment son implication dans le syndrome de l'oeil sec. Pour évaluer cette toxicité, le système Vitrocell® a été utilisé. L'étude comporte 5 groupes, un groupe de cellules témoins cultivées à l'incubateur et immergées dans un liquide, le second groupe s'est vu retirer le liquide surnageant. Au troisième groupe a été ajouté un flux d'air sans formaldéhyde et les deux derniers groupes ont eu un flux d'air contenant du formaldéhyde à des concentrations de 100 μg/m 3 et 1200 μg/m 3. Nous avons étudié la production d'adénosine triphosphate (ATP) et de lactate déshydrogénase (LDH) de ces cellules afin d'évaluer leur viabilité dans les différentes conditions, ainsi que la production de différents facteurs de l'inflammation tels que l'interleukine 6 (IL-6), le facteur inhibant la migration des macrophages (MIF), la chimiokine de motif C-X-C et ligand 8 (CXCL8) et la chimiokine ligand 2 (CCL2). La stimulation de production de leur ARN est aussi étudiée. Au regard des résultats de ces expériences, le formaldéhyde n'a pas d'effet majeur sur la viabilité cellulaire, ni sur la production de cytokines inflammatoires qui semble surtout être influencée par le retrait du surnageant et l'ajout d'un flux d'air. Cependant, concentré à 1200 μg/mᶟ, le formaldéhyde semble influencer la quantité des ARN des différentes cytokines étudiées. Il pourrait donc avoir une influence génique

Diagnosis, risk factors and management of diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected persons in France: A real-life setting study

International audienceBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major and increasing public health problem that may be underdiagnosed and undertreated among persons living with HIV (PLWH).Objective: To describe the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of DM among PLWH.Methods: This study was performed inside a monocentric cohort of 1494 PLWH. DM was defined as having a FG ≥126 mg/dL twice or a HbA1c ≥6.5%, or a history of diabetes, or receiving antidiabetic treatment. The first visit mentioning a diagnosis of DM was considered as the baseline visit. Chi-Square or Fisher exact test were used to examine the association between categorical variables and DM, Wilcoxon or Student t-test were used for continuous variables.Results: 156 PLWH with DM were included. Compared to non-diabetic participants, they were more likely to be native of Sub Saharan Africa (31.6% vs. 22.4%, p = 0.027) and older (54.6 vs. 49.9 years, p 25 for 46.1% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.020) and a poorer control of HIV (HIV RNA<50 copies/mL: 80.1% vs. 89.5%, p<0.001). The diagnosis of DM was missed in 37.8% of PLWH, and 47.2% of PLWH treated for DM did not reach a HbA1c<7%. PLWH with DM were more frequently on antihypertensive and/or lipid-lowering medications: 94.2% had a LDL-cholesterol <70 mg/dL and 60.9% had a blood pressure <140/90 mmHg.Conclusion: In a setting of HIV-control, HIV care providers should focus on metabolic issues. The management of DM and associated risk factors is mandatory to prevent cardiovascular disease in PLWH

Évaluation du stress oxydant après une ischémie cérébrale chez le rat

International audienceQuatre-vingt pour cent des accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC) sont d'origine ischémique, c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont causés par l'obstruction d'un vaisseau sanguin. Cette ischémie cérébrale est notamment responsable d'une production importante de radicaux libres à l'origine d'un stress oxydant. Pour lutter contre ce stress oxydant, l'organisme possède des systèmes antioxydants endogènes, tels que le glutathion. Le but de ce travail est de quantifier les concentrations en glutathion total à différents temps dans le cerveau de rats ayant subi une ischémie cérébrale avec reperfusion. Nos résultats montrent une diminution des concentrations en glutathion quelques heures après la reperfusion, puis une réaugmentation progressive jusqu'à une valeur normale en quelques jours. Le glutathion semble donc être un bon marqueur pour analyser l'évolution du stress oxydant lors de la reperfusion post-ischémique et son dosage pourrait être utilisé pour évaluer l'efficacité de stratégies anti-oxydantes dans ce modèle d'ischémie cérébrale chez le rat

Comparisons between diluted thrombin time, ecarin chromogenic assays, and UPLC–MS for plasma level dabigatran quantification: Results from DRIVING study

International audienceAbstract Introduction The knowledge of dabigatran levels is helpful for decision‐making in specific situations such as urgent surgery or when the question of reversal arises (uncontrolled bleeding, eligibility for thrombolysis). However, a limited number of observational studies are available regarding comparisons between quantification methods. The objective of the study was to compare dabigatran plasma levels using three assays including the reference method (high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry), focusing on the agreement around the 30–50 ng/mL clinically relevant thresholds. Methods Sixty healthy volunteers from DRIVING trial (NCT01627665) were given a single 300‐mg dabigatran etexilate dose. Serial blood samplings were performed at pre‐defined time points (0 to 24 h). We analyzed plasma samples using ultra‐performance‐liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) (dabigatran reference method); ii/diluted thrombin time (dTT) (Hemoclot‐DTI‐Hyphen‐Biomed); iii/ecarin‐based chromogenic assay (ECA‐II‐Stago). Results Nine hundred sixty samples were analyzed using the three assays (2759 values). dTT and ECA‐II values were highly correlated with those of UPLC‐MS (Deming regression). Most values >50 ng/mL were higher using dTT and ECA‐II compared to UPLC‐MS: biases were constant, +14% and +16% with dTT and ECA‐II, respectively (Bland–Altman plots), suggesting that active metabolites accounted for ~15% of thrombin inhibition. Regarding values <30 ng/mL, 30–50 ng/mL, or ≥50 ng/mL, the agreement probability between dTT and ECA‐II was of 90.6% [88.4–92.5] (Cohen's kappa coefficient 0.84). Conclusion dTT and ECA‐II assays rapidly provide accurate dabigatran‐level results for clinical practice, both assays being suitable in emergency, taking into account the thrombin inhibitory effect of dabigatran metabolites

Adolescent cannabis experimentation and unemployment in young to mid-adulthood: Results from the French TEMPO Cohort study

International audienceBackground: France accounts for one of the highest levels of recreational cannabis use, with almost 40% of youth aged 17 reporting having experimented with cannabis. We investigated the impact of early cannabis experimentation (defined as first-time use ≤ 16 years) on future probability of unemployment in young to mid-adulthood using a longitudinal, community sample over the span of 9 years.Methods: Data were obtained from the French TEMPO Cohort study, set up in 2009 among young adults aged 22-25 years old. Participants who reported information on age of cannabis experimentation and employment status in at least one study wave (2009, 2011, 2015 and 2018) were included in the statistical analyses (N = 1487, 61.2% female).Results: In A-IPW-adjusted analyses, early cannabis experimenters (≤ 16 years) had 1.71 (95% CI: 1.46-2.02) times higher odds of experiencing unemployment compared to late cannabis experimenters (> 16 years) and 2.40 (95% CI: 2.00 - 2.88) times higher odds of experiencing unemployment compared to non-experimenters. Late cannabis experimenters experienced 1.39 (95% CI: 1.17-1.68) times higher odds of being unemployed compared to non-experimenters, and early cannabis experimenters experienced 3.84 (95%CI: 2.73-5.42) times higher odds of experiencing long-term unemployment (defined as unemployed at least twice) compared to non-experimenters.Conclusions: Participants who ever used cannabis, especially at or before the age of 16, had higher odds of experiencing unemployment, even when accounting for many psychological, academic and family characteristics which preceded cannabis initiation

Interleukine-2 Therapy Does Not Increase the Risk of Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in HIV-Infected Patients: Results From FHDH ANRS CO4

International audienc