Parental origin of the two additional haploid sets of chromosomes in an embryo with tetraploidy

We report on the molecular investigations performed on an embryo with tetraploidy, karyotype 92,XXXY. The embryo was spontaneously aborted after eight weeks of gestation. Molecular analyses were performed in order to determine the parental origin and mode of formation of the two additional haploid sets of chromosomes. Microsatellite markers mapping to pericentromeric chromosome regions were used. Our results show a maternal origin of one additional set of chromosomes most likely due to the incorporation of the polar body of meiosis I and a paternal origin of the second additional set of chromosomes most likely due to dispermy. The karyotype 92,XXXY is rather unusual, indeed the vast majority of cases with tetraploidy have the karyotypes 92,XXXX or 92,XXYY. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case with 92,XXXY for which molecular investigations have been performed

Postoperative pain after endodontic retreatment: Single- versus two-visit treatment

PubMedID: 15472665Objective The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the effect of 1- or 2-visit root canal treatment on the postoperative pain in the retreatment cases. Study design Two hundred eighteen cases that required retreatment were included in the study. Obturated and unfilled canal space and the status of periapical tissues were evaluated according to the PAI index. The patients were subcategorized in regard to the presence or the absence of preoperative pain. Approximately half of each category was treated in 1 appointment. After removing the previous root canal obturation materials and biomechanic preparation of root canals, the teeth in the 1-visit group were obturated at the first appointment by using AH 26 sealer and laterally compacted gutta-percha, and those in the 2-visit group were medicated with calcium hydroxide-chlorhexidine combination and then closed with a temporary filling material. One week after the initial appointment, patients were asked about the occurrence of postoperative pain. The level of discomfort was rated as no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, or severe pain (flare-up). Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-squared and Fischer exact tests. Results Eight patients from the 1-visit group and 2 patients from the 2-visit group had flare-ups. There was a statistical difference between the groups (P < .05). Two-visit root canal treatment was more effective in completely eliminating pain than 1-visit treatment of previously symptomatic teeth (P < .05). Conclusions Two-visit endodontic treatment with intracanal medication was found to be effective in reducing postoperative pain of previously symptomatic teeth and decreased the number of flare-ups in all retreatment cases