Environmental features and resistance to the anthropogenic load of coniferous introducents in the central part of Ukraine

The current state of coniferous introduced plants growing on the territory of Uman, Cherkasy region is analyzed. Such representatives are the multi-age trees Pinus nigra and Thuja plicata. The studies were aimed at determining their resistance to arid environmental conditions in summer and to adverse factors in the winter period with generally accepted methods. Studies were conducted during 2015-2017. P.nigra trees during the study period received high drought tolerance scores. In Th. plicata plants observed a partial loss of needles turgor during daylight hours. When evaluating the frost resistance, P. nigra trees of different ages did not have visible damage. Young plants Th. plicata were somewhat more vulnerable to the effects of low temperatures, while no damage was found in mature trees. In general, both species have rather high rates of winter hardiness and drought resistance. This indicates their acclimatization to the given growing conditions. Also, the studied plants tolerate the adverse conditions of the city: dust, smoke, soil compaction. Therefore, it is advisable to use them for landscaping urban areas and personal plots. A feature of these species is that they retain a high decorative effect throughout the year and are good components for creating landscape compositions. Comparing the conditions of the natural distribution range to the conditions of the cultural areas of the studied species, it is possible to state their successful cultivation, which indicates a high ecological plasticity and significant potential of these plant

ASPECTOS PSICOLÓGICOS DA APRENDIZAGEM COMBINADA NA UCRÂNIA: PROMOVENDO O INTERESSE E A MOTIVAÇÃO DOS ALUNOS PARA ATINGIR OS OBJETIVOS DE APRENDIZAGEM

The article emphasizes the crucial psychological factors involved in the integration of blended learning within contemporary education. Blended learning amalgamates conventional and online teaching approaches, emerging as a progressively pertinent trend in the current educational landscape. The article underscores the significance of grasping the motivational factors impacting students in blended learning. It underscores that effective motivation can enhance learning outcomes and promote greater student engagement in the learning process. Adopting a systems approach enables us to view learning as an interrelated system, fostering a more profound comprehension of how its components interact. The authors demonstrate that studying the psychological aspects of blended learning is an important component of modern educational reform. Understanding the motivation and psychological characteristics of students allows for more effective implementation and support of blended learning, ensuring the quality and effectiveness of education. Their research provides an opportunity to develop effective approaches to teaching and improving student performance in blended education, which, in turn, contributes to improving the quality of education and the development of modern society.O artigo destaca os aspectos psicológicos importantes da aplicação da aprendizagem combinada na educação moderna. A aprendizagem combinada combina métodos de ensino tradicionais e on-line, o que está se tornando uma tendência cada vez mais relevante no sistema educacional moderno.   Os autores do artigo enfatizam a importância de compreender os fatores motivacionais que influenciam os alunos na aprendizagem combinada. Eles enfatizam que a motivação adequada pode contribuir para melhorar os resultados da aprendizagem e incentivar os alunos a participar mais ativamente do processo de aprendizagem. O uso de uma abordagem sistêmica torna possível considerar a aprendizagem como um sistema interconectado, o que contribui para uma compreensão mais profunda da interação de seus componentes. Os autores demonstram que o estudo dos aspectos psicológicos da aprendizagem combinada é um componente importante da reforma educacional moderna.   Sua pesquisa oferece uma oportunidade de desenvolver abordagens eficazes para ensinar e melhorar o desempenho dos alunos no ensino combinado, o que, por sua vez, contribui para melhorar a qualidade da educação e o desenvolvimento da sociedade moderna

Financial strategy in the conditions of economic transformations

Relevance of the research topic. In the conditions of economic transformations the financial strategy acts as the important economic lever of influence of public administration bodies on social and economic development of the country. The assessment of the mechanism of financial regulation in Ukraine indicates the need to develop the components of the financial system in conjunction with the transformational economic processes and the development of a sound financial strategy in accordance with the goals and objectives of social development. Formulation of the problem. The importance of developing a financial strategy in the context of economic transformation is due to the need to take into account the impact of internal and external challenges in the financial and economic environment, economic fluctuations due to the spread of the coronavirus pandemic. At the same time, the choice of financial strategy tools should be made taking into account the level of economic development of the country. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of developing a financial strategy is quite common in research. These are the works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, W. Tanzi, S. Kucherenko, L. Lysyak, L. Levaeva, I. Lukyanenko, V. Makohon, M. Pasichny, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above issues are relevant in connection with the deepening of economic transformation, the adverse impact of the Crown virus pandemic on the financial sector, which requires a number of specific tasks related to the development of financial strategy. Problem statement, research goals. The objectives of the study are: to reveal the role of financial strategy in the regulation of socio-economic processes, to substantiate the peculiarities of the development of the components of the financial system. The purpose of the study is to reveal the directions of financial strategy in the context of economic transformation. Method or methodology of the study. The article uses a set of research methods: a systematic approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis, synthesis, etc. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The role of financial strategy in the regulation of socio-economic processes is revealed, the peculiarities of formation and implementation of financial strategy are substantiated. The directions of financial strategy in the conditions of economic transformations are substantiated. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of formation and implementation of financial policy of Ukraine, reforming the domestic financial system and its components. Conclusions in accordance with the article. The qualitative level of formation and implementation of financial strategy is determined by the system of financial institutions, the state of their development in a particular country aimed at ensuring economic growth and welfare of citizens. The functional purpose of financial strategy is the result of the evolution of the role and importance of state functions in socio-economic development. Depending on the dynamics of socio-economic processes, the tasks of the financial strategy and the tools for its implementation should be adjusted. The financial strategy in the conditions of economic transformations should be directed on formation of long-term potential of economic growth and increase of well-being of the population taking into account demographic tendencies and indicators of the macroeconomic forecast of social and economic development of the country

Financial stabilization in economic transformations

Relevance of research topic. In the context of economic transformation, financial stability is a strategic objective of fiscal policy, which contributes to accelerating economic growth and revitalizing business activity in the country. Accordingly, ensuring effective influence on the social and economic processes of the public administration system involves reforming its components taking into account the globalization processes. Formulation of the problem. With the acceleration of the pace of financial and economic globalization, the issues of creating conditions for financial stabilization are being updated. An important direction in solving these issues at the state level should be to increase the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Analysis of recent research and publications. Issues of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy aimed at ensuring financial stability, acceleration of economic growth are presented in the papers of well-known domestic and foreign scientists: T. Bogolib, J. Buchanan, I. Zapatrina, G. Kucher, L. Lisyak, I. Lukyanenko, V. Makogon, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, M. Pasichnyi, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The mentioned questions are actualized in connection with the institutional transformations of the socio-economic model of the society’ development, which determine the need for increased effectiveness of fiscal policy. Much attention of financial institutions should be focused on ensuring financial stability and strengthening the stability of the financial system, strengthening its investment potential. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objectives of the study are to reveal the essence of the concept «financial stabilization», the definition of the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in relation to its provision. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the strategic objectives of the fiscal policy on financial stabilization in the context of economic transformation. Method or methodology for carrying out the research. The article uses a set of methods of scientific research: system approach, structuring, analysis and synthesis, and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of the concept «financial stabilization» is revealed, peculiarities of the formation and implementation of the fiscal policy concerning its provision are determined. The strategic tasks of fiscal policy concerning financial stabilization in the conditions of economic transformations are substantiated. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be used in the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in Ukraine. Conclusions according to the article. Ensuring financial stabilization is an integral part of the country's socio-economic development strategy. The tools of fiscal policy form a complex of financial and budgetary tactics. With their help, the implementation of the directions and tasks of the fiscal strategy is determined and the effectiveness of its implementation depends decisively. In the conditions of the formation of Ukraine as an independent state, the main reference point of fiscal policy was to ensure the solvency of the state as an instrument for creating conditions conducive to the revitalization of economic activity. At the current stage, the strategic goal should be to actively stimulate economic growth as the main instrument for ensuring financial stabilization through the rational management of public financial resources

The impact of tax and budget policy on the level of economic growth

Relevance of the research topic. In the current conditions of development of social relations, the issues of increasing the validity of fiscal policy, using its regulatory potential for the proper fulfillment of tasks and functions entrusted to them by state bodies and local self-government bodies are actualized. An important task of fiscal policy is to improve its instruments aimed at accelerating economic growth. At the same time, the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in both the advanced and transformational economies are conditioned by a number of factors, the most important of which are: the level of economic growth and institutional capacity of the country. Formulation of the problem. Based on the transformation processes in the domestic system of public finances, the major tasks are: the reconciliation of fiscal policy with the strategic task of socio-economic development of the country, improving the architecture of budget revenues and expenditures; ensuring the concentration of limited budgetary resources in those sectors of the economy that will facilitate the acceleration of economic growth, which requires further scientific studies of theoretical and applied aspects of fiscal policy formulation and implementation, assessment of its impact on the level of economic growth. At the same time, the choice of fiscal policy instruments should be made taking into account the cyclical and dynamic economic processes. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of forming and implementing fiscal policy are quite common in scientific research. These are the works of well-known domestic and foreign scientists: J. Buchanan, W. Mitchell, J. M. Keynes, T. Bogolib, I. Zapatrina, L. Lisyak, I. Chugunov and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of a common problem. The aforementioned issues are updated due to the increasing globalization processes, the unfavorable external and internal economic environment, which requires a number of specific tasks related to the development of fiscal policy. Goal setting, research goals. The objectives of the study are: to reveal the nature and role of fiscal policy in ensuring economic growth, to substantiate the features of fiscal policy in the current conditions of development of the public finance system; to analyze and evaluate the consolidated budget revenues and expenditures; identify the main factors that influence the peculiarities of fiscal policy implementation; to open up provisions for improving the efficiency of the fiscal policy regulatory mechanism. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the priorities of fiscal policy of economic growth in the context of institutional transformation. Research method or methodology. The set of methods of scientific research is applied in the article: systematic approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis, synthesis, etc. Basic material presentation (results of work). The essence and role of fiscal policy in ensuring the economic growth of the country are determined. The consolidated budget revenues and expenditures have been analyzed and estimated. The priorities of fiscal policy of economic growth in the context of institutional transformations are substantiated. Area of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of forming and implementing fiscal policy of Ukraine, reforming the public finance system. Conclusions according to article. Fiscal policy is a dynamic system of goals, directions and tasks of public authorities and local self-government aimed at ensuring the stability, stability and balance of the budget system, further improving the institutional environment of budgetary relations, taking into account the cyclical and dynamic economic processes. Developing an effective fiscal policy involves developing a structural and functional model of fiscal policy that is based on the integration of institutional components of the budgetary space. Assessment of the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth should include a detailed analysis of the architecture of budgetary indicators, as well as an assessment of possible risks. In modern conditions of development of social relations the important tasks of fiscal policy are: optimization of the level of tax burden; improvement of the architectonics of budget expenditures (a significant share of budget expenditures goes to consumption); improving the architecture of budget revenues, in particular by changing the relationship between indirect and direct taxes; raising the level of the regulatory function of fiscal policy, in particular by supporting the development of major sectors of the economy. The article identifies strategic priorities of fiscal policy of economic growth in the context of institutional transformations

State and municipal finance in conditions of economic transformations

Relevance of the research topic. In the current conditions of economic transformations, the issues of increasing the validity of the fiscal policy, strengthening the effectiveness of public and municipal finance management systems are relevant. An important task is to restore the budget balance, coordinate the actions of public authorities and local governments in the process of formation and implementation of fiscal policy. Formulation of the problem. Based on the transformation processes in the domestic system of public finance, the important tasks are to substantiate the directions of development of public and municipal finance systems, their components. At the same time, the choice of fiscal policy tools should be made taking into account the cyclical and dynamic economic processes. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of formation and implementation of fiscal policy for the development of public and municipal finance systems is quite common in research. These are the works of well-known domestic and foreign scientists: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, V. Nordhaus, J. Stiglitz, V. Tanzi, T. Bogolib, I. Zapatrina, L. Lysyak, V. Oparin, M. Pasichnyy, V. Fedosov, I. Chugunov, and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of a common problem. These issues are relevant in connection with the intensification of globalization processes, unfavorable external and internal economic environment, which requires several specific tasks related to the fiscal policy development. Goal setting, research goals. The research goals are to reveal the essence and role of state and municipal finances in financial and economic regulation; to determine the priority tasks of fiscal policy in the conditions of economic transformations. The purpose of the study is to reveal the institutional principles and directions of development of public and municipal finance management systems. Research method or methodology. The set of methods of scientific research is applied in the article: a systematic approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis, synthesis, etc. Basic material presentation (results of work). The essence and role of state and municipal finances in financial and economic regulation of the administrative-territorial units development and the country are revealed. The priority tasks of fiscal policy in the conditions of economic transformations are defined. The analysis and assessment of budget indicators is carried out. Area of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of the formation and implementation of the fiscal policy of Ukraine, reforming the public finance system. Conclusions according to article. Measures for further improvement of state and municipal finance should aim at optimizing the functions of state and local governments and their efficient allocation among them. Strengthening decentralized processes in Ukraine aimed at creating a modern system of local governments, municipal finance development based on European values. Achieving concrete results, identified under the priorities of fiscal policy at the local level, implies clear coordination and increasing the level of responsibility of all participants in the budget process

Integration of Ukraine to the world financial space in the context of cooperation with the IMF and the world bank

Relevance of the research topic. After the national sovereignty proclamation, the Ukraine`s important task was to create a new model of socio-economic development of the country based on openness of the economy and integration into the world financial space. The process of integration is extremely complex and multifaceted, which involves the formation and implementation of an effective state policy in the field of international financial relations, raising the level of efficiency of the state administration system and creating conditions for the development of the real economy. Formulation of the problem. Transformations in the global economic environment, accelerating the processes of financial globalization are currently actualizing issues of countries integration into the world financial space. At the same time, the implications of integration are rather ambiguous, especially from the point of view of their financial component, which requires further scientific research of the theoretical and applied aspects of Ukraine's integration into the world financial space, in particular in the context of cooperation with the IMF and the World Bank. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of the globalization processes impact on the domestic economy, the development of international financial and economic relations is quite widespread today in the scientific research of famous foreign and domestic scientists: J. Buchanan, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, T. Bogolib, V. Kolosova, G. Kucher, L. Lisyak, I. Lukyanenko, A. Mazaraki, V. Sidenko, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The issues mentioned above are actualized in connection with the acceleration of the financial globalization processes, which determine the solution of a significant range of tasks related to the integration of developed and transformational economies into the world financial space. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine the main directions of Ukraine's integration into the world financial space in the context of cooperation with the IMF and the World Bank. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to analyze and evaluate the peculiarities of Ukraine's cooperation with the IMF and the World Bank; to substantiate the influence of globalization processes on the development of the financial and economic environment in Ukraine, to reveal the peculiarities and to determine the main directions of Ukraine's integration into the world financial space. Method or methodology for conducting research. The article uses a set of methods of scientific research: system approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis and synthesis, etc. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The analysis and evaluation of the peculiarities of Ukraine's cooperation with the IMF and the World Bank is carried out. The globalization processes influence on the development of the financial and economic environment in Ukraine is substantiated. The peculiarities and the main directions of integration of Ukraine into the world financial space are determined. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of formation and implementation of Ukraine's fiscal policy. Conclusions according to the article. Cooperation with international financial organizations is a powerful tool for attracting external state loans aimed at addressing the strategic objectives of socio-economic development of countries. Investments of international organizations create appropriate conditions for accelerating economic growth. The domestic economy restructuring in combination with the measures proposed by international financial organizations creates the basis for increasing the population welfare. The article substantiates that Ukraine's integration into the world financial space is a complicated and multi-faceted process, and the continuation of cooperation with international financial organizations will allow to receive financing on attractive conditions and to increase international reserves

Budget expenditures as an instrument for demographic development

Relevance of the research topic. Budget expenditures are used as an instrument of state regulation of the dynamics of socio-demographic development of the country. Accordingly, the study of the impact of the trends of demographic development on the dynamics of socio-economic processes and the financial stability of the country in the medium and long term are relevant in order to use the regulatory capacity of budget expenditures to improve the demographic situation of the country and stimulate demographic growth. Formulation of the problem. Increasing the level of efficiency and effectiveness of fiscal policy while solving strategic tasks of socio-economic development of the country requires deepening research into the theoretical and methodological principles of using budget expenditures as an effective instrument for the regulation of demographic development, forecasting and planning of the expenditure part of the budget taking into account demographic factors. Analysis of recent research and publications. Problems of budgetary regulation of socio-demographic development of the country are devoted to the works of foreign and domestic scientists G. Becker, M. Blaug, G. Buchanan, A. Vishnevsky, O. Grishnova, S. Kapitsa, L. Kozarezenko, L. Lisyak, E. Libanova, G. Lopushniak, I. Lunina, A. Mazaraki, A. Smith, L. Thurow, V. Fedosova, I. Chugunova, T. Shults, S. Yurii and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The study of budget expenditures as an instrument of demographic development is being updated due to the need to improve the quality level of budgetary regulation of the country's social development, the implementation of budget policy aimed at ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the country, stability and balance of budgetary and pension systems in the medium and long-term prospect. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The research objective is to analyze the peculiarities of using budget expenditures as a tool for regulation of socio-demographic development of the country for the formation and implementation of purposeful, consistent and effective budget policy. The purpose of the study is to reveal and improve the theoretical and methodological basics for the formation of budget expenditures in the system of state regulation of demographic development of the country. Method or methodology for conducting research. The article uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including dialectic, system and structural methods, statistical, comparative and factor analysis, methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of budget expenditures as an instrument of regulation of demographic development of the country is revealed; improvement of the forecasting and planning of the budget expenditures taking into account demographic factors; an analysis of the trends of demographic development of Ukraine was made, priority directions of budget regulation of the demographic situation of the country were determined with the use of regulatory potential of budget expenditures. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of budget expenditures. Conclusions according to the article. The use of budget expenditures as a tool for the regulation of demographic development implies a well-defined definition of the volume and structure of the expenditure part of the budget to influence the dynamics of socio-demographic processes in the country, taking into account their cyclicality and strategic priority directions of public development. The provisions on forecasting and planning of budget expenditures taking into account demographic factors are based on the consideration of the mutual influence of indicators of the budget expenditure and population and its age structure, the use of budget expenditures as an effective tool for the regulation of demographic trends

Formation of budget expenditure as a component of social development

Relevance of research topic. The development and implementation of effective policy in the field of financial and budgetary relations is a powerful tool for influencing the country's socio-economic development. Accordingly, ensuring effective influence on the pace and quality of economic growth requires the improvement of the system of budget expenditures as a component of social development taking into account the strengthening of globalization processes. Formulation of the problem. With the acceleration of the pace of financial and economic globalization, its increasing influence on the system of public finances and its components, the issues of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of fiscal policy regarding the expenditure part of the budget are urgent, which requires further scientific research of the theoretical and applied aspects of the formation of budget expenditures as a component of social development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of the formation and implementation of budget policy regarding the expenditure part of the budget, its impact on socio-economic processes is currently quite widespread in scientific research. These are works by well-known domestic and foreign scholars: J. Buchanan, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, T. Bogolib, L. Lisyak, I. Lukyanenko, A. Mazaraki, V. Sidenko, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above-mentioned issues are actualized in connection with the strengthening of globalization processes, the adverse external and internal economic environment, which requires the solution of a number of specific tasks related to increased efficiency of the distribution and use of public financial resources, improvement of the budget policy of Ukraine in relation to the formation of budget expenditures. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The research objective is to reveal the role of the expenditure part of the budget in ensuring social development, to reveal the features of the budget policy regarding the formation of the expenditure part of the budget. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the priority tasks of the budget policy regarding the formation of budget expenditures and the improvement of their architectonics in the context of institutional transformations. Method or methodology for carrying out the research. The article uses a set of methods of scientific research: system approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis and synthesis, etc. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The role of the expenditure part of the budget in ensuring social development is determined and the priorities of the budget policy regarding budget expenditures formation, improvement of their architectonics in the context of institutional reforms are substantiated. The analysis and estimation of the structure of expenditures of the consolidated budget of Ukraine in terms of functional and economic classification, payments on repayment and servicing of the state debt are carried out. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of formation and implementation of the budget policy of Ukraine. Conclusions according to the article. The development of public finances depends on the direction of transformation of the formation of the expenditure part of the budget in line with changes in the socio-economic environment. The budget strategy for planning the expenditure part of the budget, its structure contributes to a balanced distribution of national income is substantiated. At the same time, the relevant strategy should be based on qualitative assessment and monitoring of the development trends of the domestic economy and aimed at ensuring the innovative activity of production. In the context of transformational transformations, the task of optimizing budget expenditures and ensuring a sufficient level of their flexibility based on economic cyclicality and macroeconomic situation in the country are important. The article defines the strategic priorities of budget policy regarding the formation of budget expenditures as a component of social development

The Formation of Budget Expenditures in Conditions of Institutional Modernization of Economy

The article is aimed at disclosing the methodological and practical provisions of formation of budget expenditures in the conditions of institutional modernization of the country’s economy together with developing recommendations for their improvement. The basic principles of institutional transformation of the system of budgetary financing of socio-economic development are defined. An analysis of the budget policy of Ukraine in the sphere of expenses is carried out. The features of the budget expenditures structure according to their functional and economic classification are disclosed. The expediency of use of the program-target method of management of expenses on planning and performance of the budget for the medium-term perspective is substantiated. The features of formation of budget deficit and the structure of sources of its financing are characterized. The basic approaches to improvement of the mechanism of formation of expenditure part of local budgets through decentralization of the budget funds management are developed