Representation and Election: The Reapportionment Cases in Retrospect

In general, both in the two-year interval between Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims and in the period following the reapportionment decisions of June 1964, discussion of the issue among scholars and publicists has tended to center upon four problems of varying scope and precision: (1) the jurisdiction of the federal courts to pass upon aspects of state legislative apportionment; (2) the justiciability of the same matter; (3) the substantive merits of the several cases; and, (4) the implications of the decisions for democratic theory and practice. No attempt is made here to reopen the argument about federal jurisdiction; that question is no longer at issue. The matter of justiciability, now seemingly quite settled, is broached only indirectly in relating the doctrine of political questions to the theory and process of political representation. Thus, it is to the third and fourth of these general questions-to the merits of the reapportionment cases and their likely influence on representation in the American political system-that the following remarks are primarily addressed

Michigan Air Pollution Control: A Case Study

The State of Michigan began its fight against air pollution with the passage of two Acts in 1965: the Air Pollution Act and the Tax Exemption for Air Pollution Control Act. In adopting these acts the legislature hoped to solve the state\u27s special needs for immediate air pollution control, created by the heavy concentration of automobile manufacturers and their suppliers in the state. The fight was to be waged through the efforts of a newly-created Air Pollution Control Commission and its staff. To present an evaluation of the success of these efforts, this comment concentrates upon two case studies of the enforcement of air pollution control upon one supplier of the automobile manufacturers, the Michigan foundry industry. The foundry industry was chosen because (1) it is an important producer in the state\u27s economy, and (2) it presents complex problems to the commission resulting from financial problems existing in much of the industry. The case studies serve as a valuable basis for preliminary judgment about the effectiveness of the commission during the several years in which it has attempted to remedy Michigan\u27s air pollution problems. These studies also provide data for several suggestions for reforming both the Air Pollution Act and the policies and procedures of the commission to further protect the public\u27s interest in the state\u27s air resources

Integrating Service Learning and EBP for Pre-Practicum Students

Students not yet enrolled in clinical practicum completed a service learning project in which they served as conversation partners for individuals residing in a long-term care setting. As an exercise in evidence-based practice, students conducted a literature review targeting conversation partner training, developed methods and selected outcome measures, and finally, developed a research paper describing the outcomes of their experience and relating those outcomes to the literature reviewed. This poster will discuss the value of this project for achieving knowledge and skills outcomes

Corporal Punishment in the Public Schools: The Legal Question

PUBLIC EDUCATION in the United States has come a long way since the one-room schoolhouse days. This phenomenal growth has been paced by the controversy surrounding the use of corporal punishment as a means of enforcing discipline in the schools. From the oldest reported case reaching the issue of corporal punishment\u27 back in 1833 down to the present, the proponents of corporal punishment have had to defend their actions in the courts from a wide variety of attacks based on criminal law, tort law, state statutes, school board regulations and, most recently, constitutional guarantees. Although the attacks on corporal punishment have been largely unsuccessful, the recognition by the courts of the substantive and procedural constitutional rights of students who attend public schools in the last fifteen years has sparked new constitutional challenges. The early cases generally treated corporal punishment in one of three contexts: (a) in criminal prosecutions by the state against a teacher for assault and battery on a pupil, (b) in civil actions for damages for physical injuries resulting from the use of corporal punishment on a pupil, and (c) in cases where a teacher is a party to an action arising out of his dismissal for use or misuse of corporal punishment. The Supreme Court did not rule directly on the regulation of student behavior per se until Tinker v. Des Moines School Dist. in 19696 and the first appellate hairstyle decision was not decided until 1965. Although the most litigated area recently concerns student expulsions the topic of corporal punishment has been in the courts, and with more litigation pending, needs careful scrutiny

EDUCATION FOR CONTROVERSY

Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Letters between Irwin Shepard and William Kerr

Letters concerning the forty-third annual convention for the National Educational Association

She Borrowed My Only Husband (And Forgot To Bring Him Back)

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/6453/thumbnail.jp

Antitrust Enforcement in the United States: Market Structure Versus Market Conduct

First, we will review the basic tenets of the two underlying “schools” of antitrust policy, the structuralist and conduct⁄performance Schools. Secondly, we will survey the records of both private and public antitrust enforcement and review the advantages and disadvantages of each. Thirdly, we will argue that an alternative to present antitrust enforcement responsibilities and practices is necessary, and suggest that establishing a Federal Industrial Reorganization Commission may be the only effective means to ensure that economic competition, diversity, and dynamism prosper and prevail in the decades ahead. Such a solution is currently before Congress in the proposed Industrial Reorganization Act (Hart Bill)