The Antebellum U.S. Iron Industry: Domestic Production and Foreign Competition

This paper presents new annual estimates of U.S. production of pig iron and imports of pig iron products dating back to 1827. These estimates are used to assess the vulnerability of the antebellum iron industry to foreign competition and the role of the tariff in fostering the industry's early development. Domestic pig iron production is found to be highly sensitive to changes in import prices. Although import price fluctuations had a much greater impact on U.S. production than changes in import duties, our estimates suggest that the tariff permitted domestic output to be about thirty to forty percent larger than it would have been without protection.

Commodity Storage under Backwardation: Does the Working Curve Still Work?

We investigate storage in the presence of backwardation and the existence of the Working curve for CBOT corn, soybeans, and wheat markets and the KCBOT wheat market using recent data, 1990-2010. Incorporating Telser’s concept of the cost of carry, we employ two measures of the spread—the percent of full carry for futures-futures and futures-spot (maximum) spreads which are adjusted for interest and storage rates. Both spreads are calculated relative to the next nearby futures contract and are matched with closest weekly deliverable stock information available at the delivery locations for the contracts. Our findings indicate that storage at a loss is pervasive both in terms of the percent of observations that exhibited storage at a loss, and the magnitude of the stockholdings for those observations. The evidence for the importance of convenience yield in the Working curve is a little less systematic, with strongest support emerging in the KCBOT wheat market, CBOT wheat and corn in Toledo/Maumee, corn in Chicago, and soybeans at almost all locations.Storage, backwardation, CBOT, KCBOT, corn, soybean, wheat., Agribusiness, Demand and Price Analysis,

Oil possibilities in Western Kansas and North Central Wyoming

The reported discover of oil in the McNab well in the northwest corner of Trego County, Kansas, has attracted attention to that region as possible oil producing territory. The offer of certain blocks of leases on several so-called oil structures occasioned the reconnaissance made by the writer. The prospects were examined during the period, September 28 to October 14, 1921 --page 1

HST Observations and Models of The Gravitational Lens System MG 0414+0534

Quadruple gravitational lens systems offer the possibility of measuring time delays for image pairs, microlensing effects, and extinction in distant galaxies. Observations of these systems may be used to obtain estimates of H_o and to study the various mass components of lens galaxies at high redshifts. With HST, we have observed the reddest known gravitational lens system, MG 0414+0534. We used WFPC2/PC1 to obtain deep, high-resolution images with two filters, F675W and F814W. We present a detailed analysis of all of the components, as well as macrolens models. Our main results are: (1) confirmation that MG 0414+0534 is inescapably a gravitational lens system; (2) discovery of a blue arc connecting the 3 brightest images of the QSO central core; (3) accurate positions and apparent brightnesses for all 4 known images of the QSO central core and for the lens galaxy G; (4) a good representation of the brightness distribution of G by elliptical isophotes with a De Vaucouleurs profile, characteristic of an elliptical galaxy; (5) models that consist of simple elliptical potentials and account qualitatively, not quantitatively, for the HST image positions, arc morphology and radio flux ratios for the images of the QSO central core; (6) a possible new test to distinguish between reddening in the host galaxy of the QSO and in the lens galaxy, based on future accurate measurements of spatial variations in the color of the arc; and (7) the suggestion that microlensing is a plausible cause for the differences between the radio and optical flux ratios for the brightest images, A1 and A2. Further observations and measurements such as of the redshift of the lens galaxy, can be used fruitfully to study microlensing for this system.Comment: 27 pages, 8 .ps figs, AAS Latex, AJ, in press, Feb 199

Potential Energy Curves for CO

Potential energy curves for the Chi (sup 1) Epsilon (sup plus), alpha (sup 3) II (sub r), alpha prime (sup 3) epsilon (sup plus), d (sup 3) delta, e (sup 3) Epsilon (sup minus), Alpha (sup 1) II, and Beta (sup 1) Epsilon (sup plus), electronic states of the CO molecule have been calculated by the Rydberg-Klein-Rees method. The curve for the A III state will have to bend sharply in the range between 1.9 and 2.1 angstroms or it will have to pass through a maximum to reach the proper dissociation limit

TECHNIQUE SELECTION DURING LANDINGS IN ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS

This study aimed to quantify the mechanical characteristics of two landing techniques performed by artistic gymnasts. Seven senior female artistic gymnasts performed 20 drop landings with different foot positions: feet together (women’s technique) or hip width apart (men’s technique). Synchronised 3D kinematic (250 Hz) and kinetic data (1000 Hz) were collected for each trial and biomechanical variables associated with lower extremity injury during landing were analysed. Significant differences (α \u3c 0.05) in ankle dorsiflexion and inversion at peak vertical ground reaction force (FPeakZ) were identified between techniques. The findings suggest the female landing style to be associated with increased FPeakZ, loading rate and reduced knee flexion. Whereas the male landing style was reported to exhibit significantly increased ankle inversion angles and reduced ankle dorsiflexion angles at FPeakZ. Results suggest that both strategies present characteristics associated with increased risk of differing injuries

Knowledge Transfer via Multi-Head Feature Adaptation for Whole Slide Image Classification

Transferring prior knowledge from a source domain to the same or similar target domain can greatly enhance the performance of models on the target domain. However, it is challenging to directly leverage the knowledge from the source domain due to task discrepancy and domain shift. To bridge the gaps between different tasks and domains, we propose a Multi-Head Feature Adaptation module, which projects features in the source feature space to a new space that is more similar to the target space. Knowledge transfer is particularly important in Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification since the number of WSIs in one dataset might be too small to achieve satisfactory performance. Therefore, WSI classification is an ideal testbed for our method, and we adapt multiple knowledge transfer methods for WSI classification. The experimental results show that models with knowledge transfer outperform models that are trained from scratch by a large margin regardless of the number of WSIs in the datasets, and our method achieves state-of-the-art performances among other knowledge transfer methods on multiple datasets, including TCGA-RCC, TCGA-NSCLC, and Camelyon16 datasets